简介：BackgroundTheVisibleHumanProject(VHP)initiatedbytheU.S.NationalLibraryofMedicinehasdrawnmuchattentionandinterestsfromaroundtheworld.TheVisibleChineseHuman(VCH)projecthasstartedinChina.ThecurrentstudyaimsatacquiringafeasiblevirtualmethodologyforreconstructingthetemporalboneoftheChinesepopulation,whichmayprovideanaccurate3-Dmodelofimportanttemporalbonestructuresthatcanbeusedinteachingandpatientcareformedicalscientistsandclinicians.MethodsAseriesofsectionalimagesofthetemporalboneweregeneratedfromsectionslicesofafemalecadaverhead.Oneachsectionalimage,SOIs(structuresofinterest)weresegmentedbycarefullydefiningtheircontoursandfillingtheirareaswithcertaingrayscalevalues.Theprocessedvolumedataweretheninductedintothe3DSlicersoftware(developedbytheSurgicalPlanningLabatBrighamandWomen'sHospitalandtheMITAILab)forresegmentationandgenerationofasetoftaggedimagesoftheSOIs.3DsurfacemodelsofSOIswerethenreconstructedfromtheseimages.ResultsThetemporalboneandstructuresinthetemporalbone,includingthetympaniccavity,mastoidcells,sigmoidsinusandinternalcarotidartery,weresuccessfullyreconstructed.Theorientationofandspatialrelationshipamongthesestructureswereeasilyvisualizedinthereconstructedsurfacemodels.ConclusionThe3DSlicersoftwarecanbeusedfor3-dimensionalvisualizationofanatomicstructuresinthetemporalbone,whichwillgreatlyfacilitatetheadvanceofknowledgeandtechniquescriticalforstudyingandtreatingdisordersinvolvingthetemporalbone.

简介：Inordertounifythetimeandthespaceattributesintotemporal-spatialdistance,thetemporal-spatialproportionalcoefficientfTSisproposedinthispaper.Inaccordancewiththenewdistanceconcept,thetemporal-spatialcorrelativitywithintemporaldoubletsofstrongearthquakesinNorthChinaanditsvicinitysinceAD1500hasbeenanalyzed.ThecomputationresultsindicatethatdoubletsofstrongearthquakecanbedividedintotwogroupswhenfTSisendowedwith10km/ainthenewdistanceformula.Thetemporal-spatialdistancebetweentwopointsofdoubletgenerallycannotexceed140kmwhentwostrongquakesindoublethavesomecausativerelation.Andthosedoubletswithtemporal-spatialdistanceexceeding280kmareprobablyindependentseismiceventsindoublets.Thischaractercanbethereferencetothemigrationlawsummarizationandtrendprediction.

简介：Twodifferentpulsecleaningtechniquesforultra-highcontrastlasersystemsarecomparablyanalysedinthiswork.Thefirstpulsecleaningtechniqueisbasedonnoncollinearfemtosecondoptical-parametricamplification(NOPA)andsecond-harmonicgeneration(SHG)processes.Theotherisbasedoncross-polarizedwave(XPW)generation.Withadoublechirpedpulseamplifier(double-CPA)scheme,althoughtemporalcontrastenhancementinahigh-intensityfemtosecondTi:sapphirechirpedpulseamplification(CPA)lasersystemcanbeachievedbasedonbothofthetechniques,thetwodifferentpulsecleaningtechniquesstillhavetheirownadvantagesandaresuitablefordifferentcontrastenhancementrequirementsofdifferentlasersystems.

简介：Asmostgenesequencesandfunctionalstructuresofinternalorgansinratshavebeenwellstudied,ratmodelsarcwidelyusedinexperimentalmedicalstudies.Alargenumberofdescriptionsandatlasoftherattemporalbonehavebeenpublished,butsomedetailedanatomyofitssurfaceandinsidestructuresremainstobestudied.Byfocusingonsomeuniquecharacteristicsoftherattemporalbone,thecurrentpaperaimstoprovidemoreaccurateanddetailedinformationonrattemporalboneanatomyinanattempttocompletemissingorunclearareasintheexistedknowledge.Wealsohopethispapercanlayasolidfoundationforexperimentalrattemporalbonesurgeries,andpromoteinformationexchangeamongcolleagues,aswellasprovidingusefulguidancefornoviceresearchersinthefieldofhearingresearchinvolvingrats.

简介：Preparationofthetemporalboneforlightmicroscopyisanimportantstepinhistologicalstudiesoftheinnerear.Duetothecomplexityofstructuresoftheinnerear,itisdifficulttomeasureorcomparestructuresofinterestwithoutacommonlyacceptedstandardizedmeasureoftemporalbonesections.Therefore,standardizationoftemporalbonesectionsisveryimportantforhistologicalassessmentofsensoryhaircellsandperipheralganglionneuronsinthecochlearandvestibularsystems.Thestandardizedtemporalbonesectioningisorientedtoaplaneparalleltotheouterandinternalauditorycanals.Sectionsarecollectedfromtheepitympanumtothehypotympanumtoreveallayersintheorderofthecristaampullarisofthesuperiorandlateralsemicircularcanals,maculautriculiandmaculasacculi,superiorvestibularganglionneurons,maculaofsacculeandinferiorvestibularganglionneurons,cochlearmodiolus,endolymphaticductandendolymphaticsac,andfinallythecristaampullarisoftheposteriorsemicircularcanal.Moreover,technicaldetailsofpreparingfortemporalbonesectioningincludingfixation,decalcification,wholetemporalbonestaining,embeddingpenetration,andembeddingorientationarealsodiscussed.

简介：Thisresearchtakestheviewthatthemodellingoftemporaldataisafundamentalsteptowardsthesolutionofcapturingsemanticsoftime.Theproblemsinherentinthemodellingoftimearenotuniquetodatabaseprocessing.Therepresentationoftemporalknowledgeandtemporalreasoningarisesinawiderangeofotherdisciplines.Inthispaperanaccountisgivenofatechniqueformodellingthesemanticsoftemporaldataanditsassociatednormalizationmethod.ItdiscussesthetechniquesofprocessingtemporaldatabyemployingaTimeSequence(TS)datamodel.Itshowsanumberofdifferentstrategieswhichareusedtoclassifydifferentdatapropertiesoftemporaldata,anditgoesontodevelopthemodeloftemporaldataandaddressesissuesoftemporaldataapplicationdesignbyintroducingtheconceptoftemporaldatanormalisation.

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简介：Wemeasuretheelectromagneticdegreeoftemporalcoherenceandtheassociatedcoherencetimeforquasi-monochromaticunpolarizedlightbeamsemittedbyanLED,afilteredhalogenlamp,andamultimodeHe–Nelaser.ThemethodisbasedonobservingattheoutputofaMichelsoninterferometerthevisibilities(contrasts)oftheintensityandpolarization-statemodulationsexpressedintermsoftheStokesparameters.Theresultsareingoodagreementwiththosededuceddirectlyfromthesourcespectra.Themeasurementsarerepeatedafterpassingthebeamsthroughalinearpolarizersoastoelucidatetheroleofpolarizationinelectromagneticcoherence.Whilethepolarizervariestheequal-timedegreeofcoherenceconsistentlywiththetheoreticalpredictionsandalterstheinnerstructureofthecoherencematrix,thecoherencetimeremainsalmostunchangedwhenthelightvariesfromunpolarizedtopolarized.Theresultsareimportantintheareasofapplicationsdealingwithphysicalopticsandelectromagneticinterference.

简介：AbstractBackground:Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease classified by the World Health Organization as one of the most neglected tropical diseases. Brazil has the highest incidence of CL in America and is one of the ten countries in the world with the highest number of cases. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of CL is essential to provide guidelines for public health policies in Brazil. In the present study we used a spatial and temporal statistical approach to evaluate the dynamics of CL in Brazil.Methods:We used data of cutaneous leishmaniasis cases provided by the Ministry of Health of Brazil from 2001 to 2017. We calculated incidence rates and used the Mann-Kendall trend test to evaluate the temporal trend of CL in each municipality. In addition, we used Kuldorff scan method to identify spatiotemporal clusters and emerging hotspots test to evaluate hotspot areas and their temporal trends.Results:We found a general decrease in the number of CL cases in Brazil (from 15.3 to 8.4 cases per 100 000 habitants), although 3.2% of municipalities still have an increasing tendency of CL incidence and 72.5% showed no tendency at all. The scan analysis identified a primary cluster in northern and central regions and 21 secondary clusters located mainly in south and southeast regions. The emerging hotspots analysis detected a high spatial and temporal variability of hotspots inside the main cluster area, diminishing hotspots in eastern Amazon and permanent, emerging, and new hotspots in the states of Amapá and parts of Pará, Roraima, Acre and Mato Grosso. The central coast the state of Bahia is one of the most critical areas due to the detection of a cluster of the highest rank in a secondary cluster, and because it is the only area identified as an intensifying hotspot.Conclusions:Using a combination of statistical methods we were able to detect areas of higher incidence of CL and understand how it changed over time. We suggest that these areas, especially those identified as permanent, new, emerging and intensifying hotspots, should be targeted for future research, surveillance, and implementation of vector control measures.

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简介：WereportonthetemporalcontrastperformanceofthePHELIXfacilityinviewoftherequirementsimposedbysolidtargetinteractionexperiments.Therequirementanalysisforthenanosecondandpicosecondtemporalcontrastisderivedfromempiricaldataandsimpletheoreticalmodeling,whiletherealizationshowsthatusinganultrafastopticalparametricamplifierandplasmamirrorsenablesmeetingthisspecification.

简介：Ｓｐａｔｉａｌａｎｄｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆ　ｇｒａｖｉｔｙ　ｆｉｅｌｄｉｎｔｈｅｃａｐｉｔａｌｒｅｇｉｏｎＣｈａｎｇ－ＣａｉＨＵＡ；（华昌才）ＹｏｎｇＧＵＯ；（果勇）Ｄｕａｎ－ＦａＬＩＵ；（刘瑞法）ＧａｎｇＸＩＡＯ；（肖钢），Ｊ．Ｔ．...

简介：UsingthemethodsofcombininglandscapeecologywithGISspatialanalysis,thispaperanalysesthedynamicsofthemarshlandscapestuctureoftheSanjingPlaininthepast20years,furthermore,takingFujinCounty,locatedinthenorthoftheplain,asanexample,analyzestheconversionbetweenmarshandotherlandusetypes.ItisshownthatthemarshintheSanjiangPlaindecreasedgreatlyinthepast20years,butthetrendhasbeguntoreverse,Themarshareadecreasedby51.33%from1980to1996,whereasitdecreasedby4.19%from1996to2000.Thefragmentationofthemarshincreased;thenumberofthepatchesincreasedby326from1986to1996,whereasitonlyincreasedby18patchesfrom1996to2000,Itisobviousthatthespeedofpatchesnumberdiminishedandthemarshfragmentationdecreased,whichshowsthatthereclamationofthemarshconvertedfromthefragmentationtothebriminalargeareaofthemarsh.Thereclaimedmarshhasmainlyconvertedtopaddyfieldanddryland.Largeareaofthemarsh.Thereclaimedmarshhasmainlyconvertedtopaddyfiedldanddryland.Large-scalereclamationintheSanjiangPlaininfluencesitsnaturalenvironmentdirectly:theclimateoftheregionturnsfromcoldandwettowarmanddry,whichmakesthemarshbothinthelow-temperaturenorthernpartandinthedeeplystagnanteasternpartsuitableforfurtheragriculturaldevelopment.

简介：ObjectivesLangerhans'Cellhistiocytosis(LCH)isararedisease,whichremainspoorlyunderstoodandwhosecellularoriginremainsunknown.ToincreaseunderstandingoftemporalboneLCH,itisnecessarytostudyrecentadvancesinthediagnosisandtreatmentofthisdisease.MethodsThelongterm(5to30years)resultsof21temporalboneLCHcasestreatedbetween1973and2003werereviewed.Surgery,radiotherapy,pharmacologictherapyoracombinationofthesetreatmentswereemployedinthesecases.ResultsEighteenpatientswerecured(18/21,85%).Sixpatientsdevelopedresidualdiabetesinsipidus(DI)anddwarfism(28%).Threepatientsdied(14%).ConclusionsTheAlessiclassificationsystemforLCHbasedontheextentofdiseaseaccuratelypredictsprognosisandisausefulguideinselectingtreatmentmethodologies.X-ray,computedtomographyandmagneticresonanceimaginghaveprovedusefulindefiningtheextentofosseousandsofttissuediseases.DiagnosisofLCHisbasedonclinicalpresentations,radiographicfindingsandhistopathologicalresults.Surgeryandradiotherapyarethemaintreatmentmodalities.Pharmacologictherapyshouldbeusedinpatientswithaggressive,disseminate,andrefractorylesions.LCHhasapredilectionforchildrenandprognosisdependsonageandextentofvitalorganinvolvement.

简介：这份报纸描述在AVHRR/NDVI(规范的差别植被索引)和climatological参数(温度和降水)之间的空间、时间的关系，在某感觉，它被地形学的因素和陆地封面类型在科罗拉多影响。关联系数和部分关联系数被计算了由在科罗拉多上的象素的象素以便分析关系。AVHRR/NDVI，温度和降水的时间的变化和关联与一个采样方法被分析。学习表明那在那里存在在每月的NDVI和温度之间的靠近的通讯，它在科罗拉多在NDVI的变化上从温度有强壮的影响。自从这二个变量及时与对方不同，NDVI的空间变化没被降水显然影响在科罗拉多的系列。学习清楚地在科罗拉多揭示了空间变化和它在NDVI和气候的参数(温度和降水)之间的关系的分发模式。

简介：Inmanyapplicationsanddomains,temporalconstraintsbetweenactions,andtheirprobabilitiesplayanimportantrole.Weproposethefirstapproachintheliteraturecopingwithprobabilisticquantitativeconstraints.Toachievesuchachallenginggoal,weextendthewidelyusedsimpletemporalproblem(STP)frameworktoconsiderprobabilities.Specifically,weproposei)aformalrepresentationofprobabilisticquantitativeconstraints,ii)analgorithm,basedontheoperationsofintersectionandcomposition,forthepropagationofsuchtemporalconstraints,andiii)facilitiestosupportqueryansweringonasetofsuchconstraints.Asaresult,weprovideuserswiththefirsthomogeneousmethodsupportingthetreatment(representing,reasoning,andquerying)ofprobabilisticquantitativeconstraints,asrequiredbymanyapplicationsanddomains.

简介：AbstractTuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare disease that involves multiple organs, including the brain; approximately 80%-90% of TSC patients exhibit TSC-associated epilepsy. Independent temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), TSC-unrelated epilepsy, is particularly rare in patients with TSC. Here, we describe three patients with TSC with independent TLEs that were confirmed by stereo-electroencephalography (EEG), postoperative pathological findings, and seizure outcome at follow-up. The patients were retrospectively enrolled at two centers; their ictal epileptiform discharge onsets were determined using electrode contacts in the hippocampus during stereo-EEG. The three patients underwent anterior temporal lobectomies and remained seizure-free at 1-5 years after surgery. Postoperative pathological examinations confirmed hippocampal sclerosis in all three patients. Furthermore, postoperative intelligence quotient improvement was evident in one patient, while the quality of life was improved in two patients at 12 months after surgery.

简介：时间的关系分类是自然语言处理的当代的费力的任务之一。这项任务能在象问答，摘要，和语言那样的各种各样的应用程序被使用特定的信息检索。在这份报纸，我们为分类时间的关系建议一个改进算法，在事件之间或在事件和时间之间，用支持向量机器(SVM)。与标准答案的语料库特征一起，建议方法瞄准利用一些有用自动地产生的语法特征改进分类的精确性。因此，很多新奇的核功能被介绍并且评估。我们的评估清楚地证明增加语法特征在分类时间的关系的最先进的方法上导致可观的改进。