简介：Ion-exchangePolymerMetalComposites(IPMC)areanewclassofintelligentmaterialthatcanbeusedeffectivelyasactuatorsandartificialmuscles.IPMCwasfabricatedanditsdisplacementandforcecharacteristicswereinvestigatedwithrespecttovoltage,frequencyandwaveformofthecontrollingsignal.Asquarewaveforminputgeneratedslightlylargerdis-placementandforcethansinusoidalortriangularwaveform.Whenthevoltagewasincreasedandthefrequencywasdecreased,displacementandforcewerebothincreased.However,althoughthebendingdeformationofIPMCwaslarge,theoutputforcewasmuchlowerthanweexpected.ImprovementoftheforceoutputiskeyandisthemainobstacletobeovercomeinordertomakeIPMCofpracticaluse.

简介：IonicPolymer-MetalComposite(IPMC)canworkasanactuatorbyapplyingafewvoltages.AthickIPMCactuator,whereNafion-117membranewassynthesizedwithpolypyrrole/aluminacompositefiller,wasanalyzedtoverifytheequivalentbeamandequivalentbimorphbeammodels.TheblockingforceandtipdisplacementoftheIPMCactuatorweremeasuredwithaDCpowersupplyandYoung’smodulusoftheIPMCstripwasmeasuredbybendingandtensiletestsrespectively.ThecalculatedmaximumtipdisplacementandtheYoung’smodulusbytheequivalentbeammodelwerealmostidenticaltothecorrespondingmeasureddata.Finiteelementanalysiswiththermalanalogytechniquewasutilizedintheequivalentbimorphbeammodeltonumericallyreproducetheforce-displacementrelationshipoftheIPMCactuator.Theresultsbytheequivalentbimorphbeammodelagreedwellwiththeforce-displacementrelationshipacquiredbythemeasureddata.Itisconfirmedthattheequivalentbeamandequivalentbimorphbeammodelsarepracticallyandeffectivelysuitableforpredictingthetipdisplacement,blockingforceandYoung’smodulusofIPMCactuatorswithdifferentthicknessanddifferentcompositeofionicpolymermembrane.

简介：

简介：Polymer/metalcompositesegmentalJanusnanoparticles(NPs)aresynthesizedbysequentialgrowthagainstpoly(4-vinylpyridine)(P4VP)crosslinkedcP4VP-PSJanusNPs.AJanusclusterofpoly(4-vinylpyridine)-block-polystyrene(P4VPb-PS)diblockcopolymerisself-organizedafterabsorptionontoasilicapatchysphereviahydrogenbonding.SelectivecrosslinkingofP4VPleadstotheformationofrobustcP4VP-PSJanusNPs.WithinthecP4VPdomain,functionalspeciessuchasmetalsarepreferentiallygrownbyinsitureduction.Otherthiol-cappedpolymers,forexample,thiol-cappedpoly(Nisopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM-SH),canbeconjugatedontotheoppositesidetoformpolymer/metaltriplesegmentalJanusNPs.ThehyperthermiaeffectofAuNPofPNIPAM-Au@cP4VP-PSbynearinfrared(NIR)irradiationcantriggerafasttransitionfromamphiphilictohydrophobicoftheJanusNPsatlowsurroundingtemperature.De-stabilizationoftheemulsionisNIRtriggeredalthoughthesystemtemperatureisbelowLCST(~32°C).

简介：Theductilityofthinmetalfilmsonpolymersubstratesreportedinrecentexperimentshasahugedisparity,rangingfromlessthan1%uptomorethan50%.Torevealtheunderpinningoriginsforsuchalargevariation,thispaperreportsasystematiccomputationalstudyoftwocompetingfailuremechanisms:metalfilmneckingandgrainboundarycracking.Thequantitativeresultssuggestthatstronggrainboundariesandmetal/polymerinterfacialadhesionarekeystoachievehighductilityofpolymer-supportedme...

简介：

简介：Perylenebisimide（PBI）unithasbeenwidelyusedtodesignconjugatedmaterials,whichcanbeusedaselectronacceptorinorganicsolarcellsduetoitsstrongelectron-deficientability.Inthiswork,aconjugatedpolymerbasedonPBIdimerasmonomerwasdesigned,synthesized,andcomparedtotheconjugatedpolymercontainingsinglePBIasrepeatingunits.Thetwoconjugatedpolymerswerefoundtohavesimilarmolecularweight,absorptionspectraandenergylevels.DensityfunctionaltheorycalculationrevealedthatthePBIdimer-basedpolymerexhibitedhighlytwistedconjugatedbackboneduetothelargedihedralanglebetweenthetwoPBIunits.ThePBI-basedpolymersaselectronacceptorwereappliedintopolymer-polymersolarcells,inwhichPBIdimer-basedpolymersolarcellswerefoundtoshowahighshortcircuitcurrentdensity(Jsc=11.2mA·cm（-2）)andahighpowerconversionefficiency（PCE）of4.5%.Incomparison,thesolarcellsbasedonPBI-basedpolymeracceptoronlyprovidedaJscof7.2mA·cm-2andPCEof2.5%.ThesignificantlyenhancedPCEinPBIdimer-basedsolarcellswasattributedtothemixedphaseinblendedthinfilms,asrevealedbyatomforcemicroscopy.ThisstudydemonstratesthatPBIdimercanbeusedtodesignpolymeracceptorsforhighperformancepolymerpolymersolarcells.

简介：四聚合物与thiophene，bithiophene，selenophone和thieno基于perylenediimide异分子聚合[3,2-b]thiophene在所有聚合物作为领受人材料被调查太阳能电池。二不同施主聚合物，poly[4,8二度(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b；4,5-b]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene)-2-carboxylate-2,6-diyl](PTB7-Th)并且poly[(5,6-difluoro-2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4,7-diyl)-alt-(3,3-di(2-dodecyltetradecyl)-2,2;5,2;5,2-quaterthiophen-5,5-diyl)](PffBT4T-2DT)，与合适互补的吸收，系列和精力层次被使用并且检验。在对这里学习了的所有不同施主领受人之中，联合PTB7-Th:poly[N，N二度(1-hexylheptyl)-3,4,9,10-perylenediimide-1,6/1,7-diyl-alt-2,5-thiophene](PDI-Th)展出了5.13%的最好的力量变换效率(PCE)，与开电路的电压(Voc)=0.79V，电线走火电流密度(Jsc=12.35妈

简介：Blendbasedpolymernanocomposites,comprisingJanusnanoparticlesattheirpolymer/polymerinterface,wereanalytically/experimentallyevaluated.Themodelingprocedurewasperformedintwostages:first,modelingofpolymer/polymerinterfaceregioncomprisingJanusnanoparticlesandsecond,modelingoftheentiresystemsasafunctionofthevariationoftheblendmorphology.Inthefirststage,themodelingprocedurewasperformedbasedonthedevelopmentofthemodelproposedbyJietal.andinthesecondstage,thefundamentalofKolarik’smodelwasusedinordertoproposeadevelopedandmorepracticalmodel.ItwasshownthatJanusnanoparticlesmayformdualpolymer/particleinterphaseatpolymer/polymerinterfacewhichcandrasticallyaffectthefinalmechanicalpropertiesofthesystem.Comparingtheresultsoftensiletestsimposedondifferentpreparedsampleswiththepredictionsofthemodelproveditsaccuracyandreliability(error<9%).

简介：AcompletemodelofMetal-Semiconductor-MetalPhotodetector(MSM-PD)ispresented.Itcanbeusedinanycircuitsimulators.SimulatedDCcharacteristicsforaGaAsMSM-PDareingoodagreementwithreportedresults.

简介：PolymericGrignardReagent(PGR)basedonthechloromethylatedpoly(ST-co-DVB)resinhasbeenpreparedbymeansofanthracene-magnesiumcomplexinTHF(Anth-Mg-THF),andpolymermatrixwithlongpolymethylenespacerwassynthesizedviathecouplingreactionbetweenPGRandα,ω-dibromoalkanes.Basedonthestudiesoffactorsaffectingthecoupling,suchascatalyst,reactiontime,thelengthofspaceretc.,thispaperofferstheoptimalreactionconditionsandthreetypicalexperimentprocedures.ThemechanismfortheformationandcouplingreactionofPGRarealsodiscussed.

简介：在台中的四层楼新案为了呼应台中的当地建筑特色，因地制宜地运用“MetalHouse”的概念，呼应该品牌的工业前卫感。设计师以金属浪板贯穿整个设计，从外观到室内都渗透了浓浓的前卫时尚。

简介：Forasystemofflexiblepolymermolecules,theconceptsoftwoconcentrations,namelythesegmentalandthemolecularconcentrations,havebeenproposedinthispaper.Theformerisequivalenttothevolumefraction.Thelattercanbedefinedasthenumberofthegravitycentersofmacromoleculesinaunitvolume.Thetwoconcentrationsshouldbecorrelatedwitheachotherbytheconformationalfunctionofthepolymerchainandshouldbediscussedindifferentthermodynamicequations.OnthebasisoftheseconceptsithasbeenprovedthattheFlory-Hugginsentropyofmixingshouldbetheresultofthemixing'idealgasesofthegravitycentersofmacromolecules'.Thegeneralcorrelationbetweenthefreeenergyofmixingandthescatteringfunction(structuralfactor)ofpolymerblendshasbeenstudiedbasedonthegeneralfluctuationtheory.WhentheFlory-Hugginsfreeenergyofmixingisadopted,thedeGennesscatteringfunctionofapolymerblendcanbederived.

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：

简介：Au/Al_2O_3/Al金属/绝缘体/金属连接(MIMJ)和Au/SiO_2/Simetal/insulator/Si连接(MISJ)成功地被构造了。这些连接的轻排放被表面电浆子电磁声子(SPP)在表面粗糙下面调停。从MISJ的轻排放从MIMJ比那更一致、稳定。MISJ的轻力量比MIMJ的高是大约2份～3订单。MISJ的轻排放光谱特别被分析。在光谱，有一座主要山峰在610nm～6的波长定位了40nm，它主要由于有在Au/air和Au/SiO_2接口的表面粗糙的SPP的夫妇。在更短的波长区域位于光谱的一座弱山峰也被发现，它被doped-Si血浆摆动的直接放射引起。

简介：Alkalimetalhydroxideandhydridecompositesystemscontainbothprotic(HbondedwithO)andhydridichydrogen.Theinteractionofthesetwotypesofhydridesproduceshydrogen.Theenthalpyofdehydrogenationincreasedwiththeincreaseofatomicnumberofalkalimetals,i.e.,-23kJ/molH2forLiOH-LiH,55.34kJ/molH2forNaOH-NaHand222kJ/molH2forKOH-KH.Thesethermodynamiccalculationresultswereconsistentwithourexperimentalresults.H2wasreleasedfromLiOH-LiHsystemduringballmilling.ThedehydrogenationtemperatureofNaOH-NaHsystemwasabout150℃;whereasKOHandKHdidnotinteractwitheachotherduringtheheatingprocess.Instead,KHdecomposedbyitself.Inthesethreesystems,NaOH-NaHwastheonlyreversiblehydrogenstoragesystem,theenthalpyofdehydrogenationwasabout55.65kJ/molH2,andthecorrespondingentropywasca.101.23J/(molH2K),sothetemperatureforreleasing1.0barH2wasashighas518℃,showingunfavorablethermodynamicproperties.TheactivationenergyforhydrogendesorptionofNaOH-NaHwasfoundtobe57.87kJ/mol,showinggoodkineticproperties.