简介：Gutmicrobiotaexertsasignificantroleinthepathogenesisofthemetabolicsyndrome,asconfirmedbystudiesconductedbothonhumansandanimalmodels.Gutmicrobialcompositionandfunctionsarestronglyinfluencedbydiet.Thiscomplexintestinal'superorganism'seemstoaffecthostmetabolicbalancemodulatingenergyabsorption,gutmotility,appetite,glucoseandlipidmetabolism,aswellashepaticfattystorage.Animpairmentofthefinebalancebetweengutmicrobesandhost’simmunesystemcouldculminateintheintestinaltranslocationofbacterialfragmentsandthedevelopmentof'metabolicendotoxemia',leadingtosystemicinflammationandinsulinresistance.Dietinducedweight-lossandbariatricsurgerypromotesignificantchangesofgutmicrobialcomposition,thatseemtoaffectthesuccess,ortheinefficacy,oftreatmentstrategies.Manipulationofgutmicrobiotathroughtheadministrationofprebioticsorprobioticscouldreduceintestinallowgradeinflammationandimprovegutbarrierintegrity,thus,amelioratingmetabolicbalanceandpromotingweightloss.However,furtherevidenceisneededtobetterunderstandtheirclinicalimpactandtherapeuticuse.

简介：AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) describes a set of risk factors that can eventually lead to the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. A detailed understanding of the MetS mechanism will be helpful in developing effective prevention strategies and appropriate intervention tools. In this article, we discuss the relationship between the clinical symptoms of MetS and differences in the gut microbial community compared with healthy individuals, characterized by the proliferation of potentially harmful bacteria and the inhibition of beneficial ones. Interactions between gut microbiota and host metabolism have been shown to be mediated by a number of factors, including inflammation caused by gut barrier defects, short-chain fatty acids metabolism, and bile acid metabolism. However, although we can clearly establish a causal relationship between gut microbial profiles and MetS in animal experiments, the relationship between them is still controversial in humans. Therefore, we need more clinical studies to augment our understanding of how we can manipulate the gut microbiota and address the role of the gut microbiota in the prevention and treatment of MetS.

简介：1.BiochemicalstructureandmolecularactivityofmeldoniumMeldonium(commercialnameMildronate)wasoriginallysynthesizedinthemid-1970sattheInstituteofOrganicSynthesisoftheLatvianSovietSocialistRepublicAcademyofSciences.Thechemicalstructureofthiscompound(3-(2,2,2-

简介：1.TheendocannabinoidsysteminobesityandmetabolicdisordersAsobesityandassociatedmetabolicdisorders,suchastype2diabetesanddyslipidemia,arebecomingoneofthemostserioushealthproblemsworldwide,developmentofeffectivetherapiesisahighpriority.Inthesearchfortreatments,therecentlydiscoveredendocannabinoidsystem(ECS)hasbeguntogarnerattention,andawealthofresearchisnowfocusing

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简介：AbstractExcessive consumption of fructose, the sweetest of all naturally occurring carbohydrates, has been linked to worldwide epidemics of metabolic diseases in humans, and it is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We provide an overview about the features of fructose metabolism, as well as potential mechanisms by which excessive fructose intake is associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases both in humans and rodents. To accomplish this aim, we focus on illuminating the cellular and molecular mechanisms of fructose metabolism as well as its signaling effects on metabolic and cardiovascular homeostasis in health and disease, highlighting the role of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein in regulating fructose metabolism.

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简介：为用仅仅一个推进器的一只underactuated太空船，关于轨道框架的态度可控制性面对期刊摆动骚乱被学习，它在为underactuated态度控制系统设计控制法律上提供一个preconditional指南。第一，态度动态模型为一只underactuated太空船被建立，并且态度运动用特殊的直角的组被描述(那么(3))。第二，Liouville定理被用来证实underactuated态度控制系统的飘移向量产生的流动是保存卷的。而且，根据Poincar?觥馽軥鮊鋥?菩蒚鳦?髧??蒚迥?髧???髧?????蒚裥邞雦閳軦？？

简介：我们建议复杂性的一个新定义。定义看那一个系统什么时候经由一个短暂状态演变到一个最后的状态，它的复杂性两个都取决于许多最后的州、短暂的状态。许多短暂状态可以被对骚乱的反应的差异描述。我们希望这个定义能由证明所有简单系统有零复杂性描述在简单系统和复杂系统之间的一条清楚的边界，并且所有复杂系统有积极复杂性。复杂性计算的一些例子被举，它支持我们的希望。

简介：Medicaltherapyfortype2diabetesmellitusisineffectiveinthelongtermduetotheprogressivenatureofthedisease,whichrequiresincreasingmedicationdosesandpolypharmacy.Conversely,bariatricsurgeryhasemergedasacost-effectivestrategyforobesediabeticindividuals;ithaslowcomplicationratesandresultsindurableweightloss,glycemiccontrolandimprovementsinthequalityoflife,obesity-relatedco-morbidityandoverallsurvival.Thefindingthatglucosehomeostasiscanbeachievedwithaweightloss-independentmechanismimmediatelyafterbariatricsurgery,especiallygastricbypass,hasledtotheparadigmofmetabolicsurgery.However,theprimaryfocusofmetabolicsurgeryisthealterationofthephysio-anatomyofthegastrointestinaltracttoachieveglycemiccontrol,metaboliccontrolandcardio-metabolicriskreduction.Todate,metabolicsurgeryisstillnotwelldefined,asitisusedmostfrequentlyforlessobesepatientswithpoorlycontrolleddiabetes.Themechanismofglycemiccontrolisstillincompletelyunderstood.Publishedresearchfindingsonmetabolicsurgeryarepromising,butmanyaspectsstillneedtobedefined.Thispaperexaminestheproposedmechanismofdiabetesremission,theefficacyofdifferenttypesofmetabolicprocedures,thedurabilityofglucosecontrol,andtherisksandcomplicationsassociatedwiththisprocedure.Weproposeatailoredapproachfortheselectionoftheidealmetabolicprocedurefordifferentgroupsofpatients,consideringtheindicationsandprognosticfactorsfordiabetesremission.

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简介：Anadaptiveactuatorfailurecompensationschemeisproposedforattitudetrackingcontrolofspacecraftwithunknowndisturbancesanduncertainactuatorfailures.Anewfeatureofthisadaptivecontrolschemeistheadaptationofthefailurepatternparameterestimates,aswellasthefailuresignalparameterestimates,fordirectadaptiveactuatorfailurecompensation.Basedonanadaptivebacksteppingcontroldesign,theestimatesofthedisturbanceparametersareusedtosolvethedisturbancerejectionproblem.Theunknowndisturbancesarecompensatedcompletelywiththestabilityofthewholeclosed-loopsystem.Theschemeisnotonlyabletoaccommodateuncertainactuatorfailures,butalsorobustagainstunknownexternaldisturbances.Simulationresultsverifythedesiredadaptiveactuatorfailurecompensationperformance.

简介：Thisarticleisconcernedwiththegrowthofenergyofdisturbancesinabaroclinicflowwithinafinitetimeperiod.Theimplicitdifferenceschemewasappliedtothelinearizedvorticityequation,andthedisturbanceenergywascomputedforthreekindsofverticalshears.Itturnsoutthatallthedisturbanceenergyrapidlyincreasesinitially,andduringthesucceedingperiodthereareseveralstagesofgrowthanddecayofenergyofdisturbances,andfromacertaintimeon,allthedisturbanceenergybeginstodecrease.

简介：前列腺癌症是在人的最普通的恶意之一。以前的研究决定了那雄激素剥夺治疗(ADT)可以被不利新陈代谢的侧面伴随。在这未来的研究，133个人被招募，包括经历了双边的orchiectomy并且在flutamide(ADT组)上的46个前列腺癌症病人，经历了激进的前列腺切除术(non-ADT组)的有前列腺癌症的37个人并且50个正常控制题目(控制组)。所有题目被跟随至少12个月。从基线到3个月，在ADT组的人与另外的二个组相比增加了fasting浆液胰岛素和低密度的脂蛋白的层次(P<；0.05)。没有明显的变化在另外的参数被发现(P>；0.05)。在12个月以后，在ADT组的人增加了腰的层次与另外的二个组相比的圆周，fasting浆液胰岛素和葡萄糖，全部的胆固醇，高密度的脂蛋白和低密度的脂蛋白(P<；0.05)。另外，在ADT组的新陈代谢的症候群的病态率更高(P<；0.05)与另外的二个组相比。通过为有前列腺癌症的人的外科的阉割的ADT可以与不利新陈代谢的变化被联系。治疗的好处应该对这些风险谨慎地被平衡。

简介：Hormonereplacementtherapy(HRT)isinuseformorethanahalfofcentury,butthequestionofindicationsandidealcandidatesforHRTremainsunclear.Postmenopausalwomenareapopulationwiththeincreasingrisksforcardiovasculardiseaseswhicharethemaincauseofdeathinthisgroup.Declineinoestrogenconcentrations

简介：Thetraceamines(TAs)areafamilyofendogenousamineswithstructural,metabolic,physiologicalandpharmacologicalsimilaritiestoclassicalmonoamineneurotransmitters.TheTAfamilyincludestyramine,octopamine,β-phenylethylamine(PEA),andtryptamine(Figure1).Theirpresencehasbeenwell

简介：ForaclassofSISOnonlinearcontrolsystemswithparameteruncertaintyanalmostdisturbancedecouplingproblemwithstabilityisdefinedandinvestigated.Backsteppingtechniqueprovidesapractcaldesignmethodofcontroller,underwhichtheL2gainfromthedisturbancetothecontrolledoutputcanbearbitrarilysmallsubjecttononlinearuncertaintiesandtheclose-loopsystemisinternallyasymptoticallystable.