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简介：<正>From1949to1965,JapanesegovernmentimplementedstrictimportquotasystemtoprotectitsinfantindustrlesInAugust1945,Japanesegovernmentofficiallyannounceditsunconditionalsurrendertotheworld.JapaneseeconomywasgreatlydamagedintheSecondWorldWar.Torecoveritseconomy,Japanesegovernmentsetupaforeign-trade-orientedeconomicdevelopmentpolicy.Japanisex-

简介：AbstractIntroduction:Nasal glial heterotopia is a rare congenital developmental disorder characterized by meningeal epithelium and/or glial components.Case presentation:A 2-month-old boy presented for treatment of a congenital mass in the right nasal cavity near the pharynx. The preoperative diagnosis was congenital intranasal neoplasm. Nasal endoscopic resection of the nasopharyngeal mass was performed under general anesthesia. Histological findings in the resected tissue supported a diagnosis of intranasal glial heterotopia. The surgical outcome was good and no surgical site infection occurred. During 1 year of follow-up, the patient did not exhibit recurrence of heterotopia or related symptoms.Conclusion:Transnasal endoscopic surgery is recommended for patients with intranasal glial heterotopia. Thorough preoperative imaging should be performed before glioma resection. The mass should be differentiated from encephalocele to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage and meningitis.

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简介：AbstractIntroduction:The transmission pathways of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain not completely clear. In this case study the test for the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in pharyngeal swab and anal swab were compared.Case presentation:A 3-month-old girl was admitted to our hospital with COVID-19. Her parents had both been diagnosed with COVID-19. The results of pharyngeal swab and anal swab of the little girl were recorded and compared during the course of the disease. The oropharyngeal specimen showed negative result for SARS-CoV-2 on the 14th day after onset of the illness. However, the anal swab was still positive for SARS-CoV-2 on the 28th day after the onset of the illness.Conclusion:The possibility of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 should be assessed. Personal hygiene during home quarantine merits considerable attention.

简介：Inthispaper,theauthormainlyappliesFairclough’sCDAandHalliday’sSFGtoanalyzetheadsofinfantproducts.TheauthorexplainstheconceptofCDAandSFG,andtheninterpretshowtheseconceptsareemployedintheadsofinfantproductstobettersellthegoodsoroffertheservices.

简介：AbstractIntroduction:Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare chronic papulosquamous disease and is often difficult to treat, especially in children. Here we reported a PRP infant successfully treated by cyclosporine A.Case presentation:An 18-month-old infant with severe PRP presented with reddish follicular papules and inflammatory, infiltrated erythema over the whole body. The condition rapidly and completely responded to oral cyclosporine A. Complete clearance of the lesions was achieved within 16 weeks, and no recurrence developed during 6 months of follow-up. During both treatment and follow-up, routine blood parameters, serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen, liver function, and blood pressure were regularly monitored once a month and remained within the reference ranges. Moreover, the child grew and developed normally and the body weight increased by 3 kg.Discussion:To date, there are not well established protocols for treatment of PRP in children. Cyclosporine A has been demonstrated to be effective treatment in psoriasis in adults and children which do not respond to some other treatments. The rapid onset of action and good efficacy of cyclosporine A were observed in our case, who achieved complete response after 16 weeks of treatment without any side effects.Conclusion:Cyclosporine A might be a safe and effective option for treating severe PRP in children.

简介：AbstractIntroduction:Cardiac neoplasms are particularly rare in children, and the majority of these tumors are benign. Approximately 10% of cardiac neoplasms are malignant, including soft tissue sarcomas and lymphomas. Cardiac tumors could also be metastases. Primitive EWSR1-negative round or spindle cell undifferentiated sarcoma harboring CIC gene translocation is a highly aggressive malignancy mainly occurring in soft tissues. However, it has not yet been described in the heart.Case presentation:We report a sarcoma that arose from the right ventricle in a 1-year-old girl. Histologically, it was composed of closely arranged small round or oval undifferentiated cells with fibrovascular separation, hyaline degeneration, and geographical necrosis. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells exhibited focal membrane positivity for CD99 and diffuse positivity for WT1 and ETV4. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis showed EWSR1-negative but CIC-positive split signals. The breakpoint was also confirmed by whole genome sequencing.Conclusion:Based on morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular findings, this cardiac mass was diagnosed as CIC-rearranged sarcoma.

简介：AIMTo鉴别在透明婴儿透镜和先天的cataract.METHODSLens相关的miRNAs的中央上皮的透镜相关的microRNAs(miRNAs)的表示从PubMed被检索数据库。在透明婴儿透镜和先天的奔流的这些miRNAs的表示层次被茎环颠倒抄写聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)决定。人权保护的算法被用来预言这些差别的目标基因表示了miRNAs。目标mRNA是validated.RESULTSSix透镜相关的miRNAs从屏蔽PubMed被检索数据库。在透明婴儿透镜的最丰富的miRNA根据茎环RT-PCR是miR-184。miR-182在先天的奔流是起来调整的。相反地，miR-204和miR-124是下面调整的。miR-204比miR-124在表示展出了更重要的减少。另外，Meis2被预言是用人权保护的算法的miR-204的目标。miR-204mimic/antagomirtransfection实验建议了在miR-204的表示之间的否定关联，建议他们在先天的奔流的致病的参与并且miR-182，miR-204和miR-124的Meis2.CONCLUSIONThe表示层次在透明婴儿透镜和先天的奔流的中央上皮之间不同。miR-204可以经由silencingMeis2行动调整透镜开发和先天的奔流形成。

简介：AbstractImportance:Parent-infant closeness and active parent participation in neonatal care are important for parent and infant health.Objective:To give an overview of current neonatal settings and gain an in-depth understanding of facilitators and barriers to parent-infant closeness, zero-separation, in 19 countries.Methods:Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) professionals, representing 45 NICUs from a range of geographic regions in Europe and Canada, were purposefully selected and interviewed June–December 2018. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify, analyze and report patterns (themes) for parent-infant closeness across the entire series of interviews.Results:Parent-infant separation during infant and/or maternity care is very common (42/45 units, 93%), despite the implementation of family integrated care (FICare) practices, including parent participation in medical rounds (17/45, 38%), structured education sessions for parents (16/45, 36%) and structured training for healthcare professionals (22/45, 49%). NICU professionals encountered four main themes with facilitators and barriers for parent-infant closeness on and between the hospital, unit, staff, and family level: Culture (jointly held characteristics, values, thinking and behaviors about parental presence and participation in the unit), Collaboration (the act of working together between and within different levels), Capacities (resources and policies), and Coaching (education to acquire and transfer knowledge and skills).Interpretation:Implementing parent-infant closeness in the NICU is still challenging for healthcare professionals. Further optimization in neonatal care towards zero-separation and parent-infant closeness can be achieved by enforcing the 'four Cs for Closeness’: Culture, Collaboration, Capacities, and Coaching.

简介：Freepremaritalexaminationandprenatalscreeningsubsidy.TheHappinessProjectformaternalandinfanthealthwiththecontentof'onefreeserviceandtwosubsidies'hadachieveddecreasesinthebirthdefectratefortwoconsecutiveyears.In2012,Guangxiwillcontinuetoimplementtheprojectwhichoffersfreepremaritalmedicalexaminationandsubsidizesprenatalscreeningandneonatalscreeningof

简介：在影响男繁殖的道的开发的基因的单个核苷酸多型性(SNP)与男泌尿生殖器的畸形被联系了。然而，没有研究测试了在象阴肛部的距离(AGD)那样的SNP和中间的显型之间的关系，anoscrotal距离(ASD)和阴茎宽度(PW)。我们测试了在影响男生殖器的开发的八基因的24普通SNP是否为未来家庭从学习在106个健康男婴儿与中间的显型被联系。我们从口腔的油迹和线性回归模型使用了DNA为covariates与调整估计在阴肛部的大小和SNP遗传型之间的关系。我们发现rs2077647G等位基因，在雌激素受体alpha(ESR1)的编码区域定位了，与更短的AGD被联系(P=0.02；−；7.3公里，95%；信心间隔(CI)：−；11.6到−；3.1)，并且rs10475T等位基因，在3′定位了；激活抄写因素3的untranslated区域(ATF3)，与更短的ASD被联系(−；4.3 ；公里，95%；CI：−；7.2到−；1.4)，尽管这结果不是重要的(P=0.07)在为多重比较控制以后。我们没观察在测试的PW和SNP之间的协会。为在调整在男生殖器的开发期间发信号的雌激素的基因的二SNP的次要的等位基因与AGD和ASD被联系，尽管协会的意义是边缘的。我们的调查结果suggest ；那AGD和ASD被可继承的factors 影响；在知道与象hypospadias和cryptorchidism那样的坦率的男生殖器的畸形被联系的基因。

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简介：AbstractBackground:Continuing progress in the global pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) response depends on timely identification and care of infants with HIV. As countries scale-out improvements to HIV early infant diagnosis (EID), economic evaluations are needed to inform program design and implementation. This scoping review aimed to summarize the available evidence and discuss practical implications of cost and cost-effectiveness analyses of HIV EID.Methods:We systematically searched bibliographic databases (Embase, MEDLINE and EconLit) and grey literature for economic analyses of HIV EID in low- and middle-income countries published between January 2008 and June 2021. We extracted data on unit costs, cost savings, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios as well as outcomes related to health and the HIV EID care process and summarized results in narrative and tabular formats. We converted unit costs to 2021 USD for easier comparison of costs across studies.Results:After title and abstract screening of 1278 records and full-text review of 99 records, we included 29 studies: 17 cost analyses and 12 model-based cost-effectiveness analyses. Unit costs were 21.46-51.80 USD for point-of-care EID tests and 16.21-42.73 USD for laboratory-based EID tests. All cost-effectiveness analyses stated at least one of the interventions evaluated to be cost-effective. Most studies reported costs of EID testing strategies; however, few studies assessed the same intervention or reported costs in the same way, making comparison of costs across studies challenging. Limited data availability of context-appropriate costs and outcomes of children with HIV as well as structural heterogeneity of cost-effectiveness modelling studies limits generalizability of economic analyses of HIV EID.Conclusions:The available cost and cost-effectiveness evidence for EID of HIV, while not directly comparable across studies, covers a broad range of interventions and suggests most interventions designed to improve EID are cost-effective or cost-saving. Further studies capturing costs and benefits of EID services as they are delivered in real-world settings are needed.

简介：AbstractIntroduction:Portal venous gas (PVG) is common in necrotizing enterocolitis and occasionally occurs in neonates after umbilical vein catheterization (UVC). Therefore, determining the cause of PVG requires further clinical evaluation in these cases.Case presentation:We report the case of a very-low-birth-weight infant who underwent UVC after birth. PVG was an unexpected finding on ultrasound following catheterization. The UVC was immediately removed and replaced with a peripherally inserted central catheter. The infant’s physical examination was unremarkable. Bedside X-ray revealed neither PVG nor pneumatosis intestinalis, which would indicate the onset of necrotizing enterocolitis. After full evaluation, breastfeeding was started on the same day. The infant did not develop feeding intolerance, necrotizing enterocolitis, or other disorders.Conclusion:PVG occasionally occurs in neonates who undergo UVC and is considered to be caused by exogenous gases. PVG is more easily detected with ultrasound than with X-ray and does not affect early feeding in premature infants.

简介：AbstractIntroduction:While majority of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) can be discharged home without low flow oxygen or on supplemental low flow oxygen, some require long term home mechanical ventilation.Case presentation:We present a case of an extremely premature infant with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia who was successfully managed at home on a new feature of non-invasive ventilation called average volume assured pressure support (AVAPS) without the need for tracheostomy. The AVAPS feature enables the machine to deliver a consistent tidal volume by automatically adjusting the inspiratory pressure within a set range.Conclusion:The use of AVAPS feature in our case improved ventilation as indicated by a more stable gas exchange profile, making home non-invasive ventilation a more practicable method of managing severe BPD in this infant.