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简介：InordertoevaluatetheimagingqualityofCCDcamerasfullyandrapidly,theminimumresolvablecontrast(MRC)ispresentedinthispaperandthesystemofmeasuringMRCisconstructedaswell,inwhichtwointegratingspheresareproposedtoilluminatetwosidesofthetargetrespectively.Thevariablecontrastcanbeobtainedbyregulatingtheluminanceofintegratingspheres.Experimentalresultsindicatethattheerrorofmeasuringluminanceiswithin±0.3cd/m2,MRCriseswiththeincreaseofthespatialfrequency.TheexperimentalresultsshowthatthemethodproposedisaneffectiveapproachtoevaluatetheimagingqualityofCCDcameras.

简介：Dataenvelopmentanalysis(DEA)modeliswidelyusedtoevaluatetherelativeefficiencyofproducers.Itisakindofobjectivedecisionmethodwithmultipleindexes.However,thetwobasicmodelsfrequentlyusedatpresent,theC2RmodelandtheC2GS2modelhavelimitationswhenusedalone,resultinginevaluationsthatareoftenunsatisfactory.Inordertosolvethisproblem,amixedDEAmodelisbuiltandisusedtoevaluatethevalidityofthebusinessefficiencyoflistedcompanies.AnexplanationofhowtousethismixedDEAmodelisofferedanditsfeasibilityisverified.

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简介：Since2011,theGreekMinistryofEducationintroducedLaw3966—institutingthemodelexperimentalschools.Newpolicieswereappliedtothesespecialschoolsthatdifferentiatethemfromothertypesofschools.Themajorchangesweretowardspersonnelrecruitment.AsfortheveryfirsttimeinGreekpubliceducation,teacherswererecruitedafterevaluationandinterviewandstudentswerejoinedtheseschoolsafternationalexams,too.Ontheotherhand,someoftheinnovativeeducationalmethodsimplementedweretheexcellencegroupsinstitutedfortheveryfirsttimeinGreekpublicschools—participationinEuropeanprograms(e.g.,Erasmus+)andopen-to-societyeducationalprograms.Additionally,informationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)wasstronglyintroducedinlearningprocedure,teacherswereencouragedtoparticipateinhighlyratedin-servicetrainingcourses,andaseriousnumberofconferenceswereorganizednationally.Despiteoftheseremarkableeducationalachievementsin2016,thegovernmentdecidedtomakesomeseriouschangesinthelaw,thus,causingfatalsetbackstoschools’projectplans.Inmanyexperimentalschools,thefive-yeareducationalplan,whichwasplannedaccordingtoLaw3966,wasbrutallyinterrupted,asthistypeofschoolsactuallydidnotexistanymore!Astheinitialplanwaspredictingamajorevaluationafterafive-yearperiod,thesecruciallawchangescancelledanytypeofevaluation,almosttwoyearsbeforetheendofthisperiod.Eventually,teacherswerenomoreinterestedinproducingandintroducinginnovationintheirclassrooms.Inthispaper,wearetryingtorecordthechangescausedtothenumberandqualityofeducationalactivities(excellencegroups,educationalprograms,andinnovativeteachingmethods)afterthesemajorlawchanges.Wedetectedadramaticdecreaseinthenumberofactivitiesandexceptionaldisappointmenttohighlyqualifiedteachersandeducators.So,wearequestioningourselves:WeremodelexperimentalschoolstoogoodtobeGreek,orthesechangesweretooGreekto

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简介：Fuelconsumptionhasalwaysbeenamatterofconcernforshipspropulsion.Inthisresearchweaimtodevelopcomputermodelsofseveralcontainershipcargostackingconfigurationsanddiscussanoptimalconfigurationataconstantfrontwindspeed.ThepaperpresentsthesimulationresultsbyusingANSYSCFXfora1:4scalePost-Panamax9000TEUcontainership.Theshipismodelledinacubicdomainthatcontainsunstructuredmeshwithdetails,insuchawaythatcandemonstratetheinfluenceofthecontainerconfigurationonwindforce.Alsothenumericalresultsareverifiedversuswindtunneltestdata.Anoptimalstackconfigurationledtoabout25%reductioninairresistance.Itisproposedthatinordertoreducethewinddragforceandconsequentlyreducethefuelconsumptionandpollutantemissions,emptyspacesbetweenthecargocontainersandunbalancedcargodistributionoverthedeckshouldbeinhibited.Also,itisadvisedtomakethecargodistributiononthemostforwardandaftwarddeckareasmorestreamlined.

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简介：Thispaperpresentsastep-by-stepprocedureusingthethree-dimensionalboundaryelementapproachtostudythebehaviorofsemi-circularcanyonsunderseismicshearwaves.TheboundaryelementcodeTDASCallowsutilizationforvariouscanyongeometries,evaluationofconcurrentseismicwavesandcalculationofthegroundmotionsoncanyonsduetoanexcitationatanyarbitrarypointoftheincidentfield.Consideringthewideningratioofthecanyon(includingprismatic,semi-prismaticandnon-prismaticcanyons),wavecharacteristics(wavelength,dimensionlessperiod,direction)andmaximumamplificationpattern,thesolutionwasappliedtocarryoutaseriesofparametricstudies.Itwasshownthatcanyonformcansignificantlyaffectthedisplacementamplification,especiallyatthepointslocatedonitsedges.Byincreasingthewavedimensionlessfrequency(η>1),theamplificationpatternbecomesmorecomplex.Onthebasisoftheresultsfromavarietyofconsideredcases,anewexpressionhasbeenpresentedforthelimitingwavelengthbeyondwhichthewideningofthecanyonwillnothaveamajoreffectonthedisplacementamplification.Toverifythereliabilityoftheproposedapproach,theobtainedresults,expressedintermsofdisplacementamplitude,werecomparedwiththosefromtheavailablepublishedliteratureandareasonablygoodagreementwasobserved.

简介：在农业系统的生物物理、社会经济的属性的差异特别地做他们基于的壁龛。农民们是本地生物物理、社会经济的状况的专家并且能在开发agro环境的开发的实用指示物作出贡献。在在云南的一个农业研究工程的评估期间，中国，本地农民能够在存在收割系统上评估修改技术的效果并且用他们的自己的指示物讨论了他们的态度到干预。农民的反应能被组织进七个主要方面：我)收入上的效果，ii)生产资源上的效果，iii)庄稼管理上的效果，iv)技术的存在本地知识，v)输入的可获得性，vi)信息的存取，和vii)耕作家庭的社会经济的条件。农民们断定在与邻近的未经治疗的集水相比的试验性的集水的环境条件以土壤更好并且浇损失，植被盖子和天赋资源，基础结构和集水管理，environmentally友好的技术的使用，和庄稼生产率。在土壤和水保存计划的成功取决于农民和另外的本地用户和他们的更大的参与帮助的努力识别更实用的指示物。而且，它增加计划的所有权，与工程科学家，增加农民agro环境的问题的了解和他们的可能的后果一起提高相互作用。这些发展将使科学家能开发更好指向的干预并且由本地社区增加测试技术的采纳的可能性。配对的邻近的集水的使用改进了评估活动并且为未来集水改进计划作为好实践被建议。

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简介：Thisstudyexplainedtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotectionintourismdevelopmentandillustratedtherelationshipbetweenrecreationalresourcevaluationandenvironmentalconsideration.Wecomparedifferentmodelsoftravelcostmethodandreiterateslong-timeexistingproblemsofmulti-destinationandtreatsoftimeopportunitycost(TOC).TakingJiayuguan'sculturalsightsasanexample,weestablishanupdatedmethodcalledmultidestinationzonaltourismcostmethodtoevaluatetherecreationalvalues(RVs)ofselectedthreeculturalsights.WedividetrippackagesofJiayuguan'stouristsinto11portfolios.Eachportfoliocanbeseenasaseparatecommodity,andeachcommodityhasitsowndemandcurve.Accordingtodemandcurveswecancalculateconsumersurplus(CS)ofdifferentportfoliosoftouristdestinationsandlaterwesumupthetotaltravelcosts(includingtravelexpenditureandTOC)andCStocometotheRVsofeachportfolio.WethenapplysuitableproportionstocalculatetheRVsbetweendifferentdestinationsintheportfolio.Intheend,weaddupalltheRVscalculatedfortheobjectivedestination.Usingthismethod,wedrawconclusionsthatJiayuguan'sRVin2006includesnationalandinternationalvalues,summingupto738.4762millionyuan.Thetouristexpenditure,CSandTOCofJiayuguanisproportionating62.96,32.28and4.76%,respectively.Thisstudyisalsoanexampleofnon-marketvaluationofculturaltourismresources.

简介：Whenwetrytoestimatefutureenvironmentalcostsresultingfromourcurrenteconomicactivities,weusuallycalculatethepresentvalueoftheconsequencesforourfuturegenerationsbyutilizingadiscountrateasastandardeconomicprocedure.Thepopularityofthisprocedureissolelysupportedbyitssimplicitywhichassumes:(1)aperfectfinancialmarketovereven100years,and(2)existenceofastabletimepreferencebetweentwoconsecutiveperiodsforanindividualconsumer.Anapparentdeficiencyofthisapproachisthatthepresentvalueoflifequalityoffuturegenerationsvariestoalargeextentalonganarbitrarilychosendiscountrate.Asamatteroffact,thediscountrate,whichcouldreflectthetimepreferenceas2%or5%,matterswhenwepredictcurrentstrategiesofenvironmentalprotectionforfuturegenerations.Simplyapplyingadiscountratetoevaluatethequalityofourfuturegeneration,withoutclarifyingtheactualproductionmechanismbehindthis,isalmosttothesameasignoringthefactthatallofthegoodsareproducedthroughanactualproductionprocessandthatenvironmentaldegradationreducestheefficiencyofthatprocess.Thegreatestconcernforourfuturegenerationsshouldnotbegivenbyanassumeddiscountrate,sincethediscountrateitselfisdeterminedbyfinancialmarketconditionsatcertainpointsintime.

简介：持续城市的排水系统沿着道路并且在城市的区域被造收集城市的流量并且避免泛滥，并且过滤水污染物质。流量收集的沉积在stormwater盆被扔，日益增多地，还原剂浇渗入效率，导致堵塞盆。为了更好帮助stormwater盆经理和股东，理解并且预言堵塞率以便详细描述维护计划和时间表，水运输预言模型是必要的。然而因为在stormwater盆内的异构的沉积水动力学性质，一二维(2-D)水流动模型被要求尽可能精确地预言水层次和可能的溢出。浸透的水力的电导率(K)和保留弄弯的沉积水在stormwater盆的全面沉积层被测量，除了沉积层厚度和有机物内容(11个采样点)。沉积深度被用来预言有机物(OM)内容，并且OM被用来预言K。在盆的水高度被考虑沉积水动力学性质分发与HYDRUS-2D模型一起建模。HYDRUS-2D模型给了测量数据的一个令人满意的代表。stormwater盆沉积的水力的性质的情形随着时间的过去被测试，并且水力的抵抗，R，被计算估计stormwater盆表演。在20年工作以后，目前，stormwater盆仍然保证有效的水渗入，而是第一流出(水力的抵抗，R>24h))被期望出现在下一5年里，并且堵塞R>47h)在下一13年里。这个2-D水平衡模型使集成stormwater盆的水动力学异质可能。更好预言2-D/3-D沾染物运输给有趣的观点。

简介：可溶解的土壤的侧面的变丑在地震期间是许多损坏的一个原因，据说多于导致液化的地面失败的另外的形式。研究人员们介绍了液化土壤作为粘滞在被认为液体的研究。以这种方式，液化土壤作为非牛顿的液体表现，其粘性作为shear紧张率减少，增加。当前的学习合并计算液体动力学为地球斜坡的导致液化的侧面的变丑建议简化动态分析。数字过程包含一个伪线性的有弹性的模型为对为大紧张状态的中等紧张和一个Bingham液体模型小在液化期间。一个反复的过程被认为估计紧张兼容机砍土壤的僵硬。土壤的液化以后的剩余力量被看作起始的Bingham粘性。数字过程的性能被和侧面的地面变丑的一些领域观察使用离心机模型和摇晃的桌子测试的结果检验。结果证明建议过程与精确的合理的度预言侧面的地面变丑的时间历史。

简介：AbstractBackground:The calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based immune maintenance regimen that is commonly used after renal transplantation has greatly improved early graft survival after transplantation; however, the long-term prognosis of grafts has not been significantly improved. The nephrotoxicity of CNI drugs is one of the main risk factors for the poor long-term prognosis of grafts. Sirolimus (SRL) has been employed as an immunosuppressant in clinical practice for over 20 years and has been found to have no nephrotoxic effects on grafts. Presently, the regimen and timing of SRL application after renal transplantation vary, and clinical data are scarce. Multicenter prospective randomized controlled studies are particularly rare. This study aims to investigate the effects of early conversion to a low-dose CNI combined with SRL on the long-term prognosis of renal transplantation.Methods:Patients who receive four weeks of a standard regimen with CNI + mycophenolic acid (MPA) + glucocorticoid after renal transplantation in multiple transplant centers across China will be included in this study. At week 5, after the operation, patients in the experimental group will receive an additional administration of SRL, a reduction in the CNI drug doses, withdrawal of MPA medication, and maintenance of glucocorticoids. In addition, patients in the control group will receive the maintained standard of care. The patients’ vital signs, routine blood tests, routine urine tests, blood biochemistry, serum creatinine, BK virus (BKV)/cytomegalovirus (CMV), and trough concentrations of CNI drugs and SRL at the baseline and weeks 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 104 after conversion will be recorded. Patient survival, graft survival, and estimated glomerular filtration rate will be calculated, and concomitant medications and adverse events will also be recorded.Conclusion:The study data will be utilized to evaluate the efficacy and safety of early conversion to low-dose CNIs combined with SRL in renal transplant patients.Trial registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800017277.

简介：OnOctober18,2018,theChinaGeologicalSurveylaunchedaprojectoftheNationalKeyResearchandDevelopmentProgramofChina,entitled"PredictionandDeepExplorationDemonstrationofGoldPolymetallicDepositsintheJiaodongandLiaodongAreaswithintheNorthChinaCraton".Forthisproject,WulongandBaiyun-XiaotongjiapuyiinJiaodong,aswellasthenorthernZhaopingbeltsofLiaodong,werechosenasoreprospectingdemonstrationareas(Fig.1).