简介：Inmanytissuestheparasympatheticandsympatheticnervoussystemregulatesmoothmusctoneviatheirtransmittersaeetylcholineandnoradrenaline,respectively.Directsmoothmusceeeffectsofacetylcholineviamuscarinicreceptorsalwayspromotecontraction,butnon-neuronalsourcescanimportantlycontributetosuchstimulation.Directsmoothmuscleeffectsofnoradren-alinecanpromotecontractionviaal-andsometimesalsoα2-adrenoceptorsbutcanpromotere-laxationandinhibitcontractionviaβ-adrenoceptors.Iwillfocusontheinteractionbetweensub-typesofmuscarinicandβ-adrenergicreceptors,largelyusingtheurinarybladderasanexam-ple.

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简介：BycomparingthemodelsofChineseandWesterneducation,thispaperoffersahypothesisastowhichlearningcurriculumisbestsuitedforoptimumacademicdevelopment.Ideally,animprovededucationmodelcouldinspirenewideasintheeducationindustry;effectingnotonlychildren,butalsotherolesofbothschoolsandparents.

简介：AdistributionmapofPinusyunnanensiswasmadeaccordingtothedataongeographicaldistributionofP.yunnanensisbymeansofapplyinggeographicinformationsystemssoftwareArcGIS,andtheclimaticparametersofthedistributionareasforP.yunnanensisweredeterminedbytheclimateforecastmodelClimateChina.TherelationshipbetweenthegeographicaldistributionofP.yunnanensisandtheclimatewasstudiedbyadoptingtheindexesofKiraincludingthewarmthindex(WI),coldnessindex(CI)andaridityindex(K),Xu’shumidityindex(HI),Holdridge’slifetemperature(BT),potentialevapotranspiration(PET),potentialevapotranspirationratio(PER)andthesinglefactorsasthemeanannualtemperature,themeantemperatureinJanuary,themeantemperatureinJuly,themeanannualprecipitation,the>5℃accumulatedtemperature,the>18℃accumulatedtemperature,themaximumtemperature,theminimumtemperature,thetemperaturevariation,theratiooftemperatureandprecipitationoftheyear,etc.AndtheKira’swater-temperatureindexesondistributionalupperlimit,lowlimitandnorthlimitwerediscussed.ThemajorclimaticfactorseffectingthedistributionofP.yunnanensiswerescreenedoutbystatisticalanalysissoftwareSPSSandtheresultsshowedtheimpactfactorsareintheorderoftemperature>humidity>thetemperaturedifferencebetweenmeanwarmestmonthtemperatureandmeancoldestmonthtemperature.

简介：PresidentHuJintaopointedoutinhisopeningremarksattheFourthRoundoftheChina-U.S.StrategicandEconomicDialoguesinMay2012that"wearenowintheseconddecadeofthe21stcentury,andweneedtoadvancewiththetimesinourthinking,policiesandactions.Weshould,throughcreative

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简介：现在的学习理论上以及试验性地基于线性波浪理论调查在波浪和一连串的多孔的圆形的柱体之间的相互作用与或没有一个内部多孔的盘子。设计更有效的漂浮的防波提，通过数组宣传的波浪的传播率被评估。在数组的每柱体是部分用多孔的材料做的。明确地，它拥有多孔的sidewall和一个透不过的底部。另外，一个内部多孔的盘子水平地在柱体内被修理。它更有效地驱散波浪并且消除sloshing现象。当一个层次相互作用理论被采用在很多身体之中处理水动力学相互作用时，Kagemoto和Yue(1986)建议的途径被采用解决多重散布问题，它高效地节省计算时间。同时，有一连串的多孔的柱体的一系列模型测试在波浪盆被执行验证理论工作和计算结果。柱体，内部多孔的板的地点，和在邻近的柱体之间的间距的草稿也被适应在波浪驱散上调查他们的效果。

简介：Phaeodactylumtricornutumisoneoftheimportantmarinediatomsforoceanicprimaryproduction.Itsreproductionhasprofoundsignificanceinthelifecycle;however,thenuclearbehaviorduringitssexualreproductionwasnotclear.Inthisstudy,weobservedthenucleartransitionanddetermineditscorrelationwithcellconjunction.Itwasfoundthattwocellsjointedattheirapicesfirstandswungandalignedeachotherimmediately,andnucleusfromonecellwasabletotransferintoanotheroneduringcellconjugation.Thecellpairsconjugatedfornucleartransitionweredifferentfromthoseformedinmitosisinhypovalvethicknessandcellulararrangement.OurfindingsprovedtheexistenceofsexualreproductioninP.tricornutum.

简介：BymeansofdirectanalysisoftheconnectionbetweenLoopsubdivisionsurfaceanditscontrolmeshandthecomputationofthebasisfunctions,weobtainaboundonthedistancebetweenLoopsubdivisionsurfacepatchanditscontrolmesh.Theboundcanbeusedtocomputethenumbersofsubdivisionforagiventolerance.Finally,twoexamplesarelistedinthispapertodemonstratetheapplicationsofthebound.

简介：Globalseismicitycatalogsaresufficientforcharacterizingdoubleseismiczones(DSZs)insubductingslabandfacilitatetoestimatelayerseparationwithoutinconsistentuncertaintiesaslocalcatalogs.PreviousstudieshaveshownthecorrelationbetweenDSZslayerseparationandplateagewhilecorrelationforthoseyoungerthan～60Maissuspicious.ThelackingofDSZswithlayerseparationlessthan10kmfurthermakesitdifficulttopreciselyestimatesuchcorrelation.Thus,weincorporateeightDSZsdatadeterminedthroughlocalseismicityintoglobally-determineddatasetandreexaminesuchcorrelation.Thebestfittingresultsshowthatbothalinearmodelandasquarerootofplateagecanmathematicallyfitthelayerseparationwell.However,itisdifficulttodistinguishthesetwomodelswhenplateageisgreaterthan～20Masincetheirdifferenceislessthan2km.However,ifextrapolationispossible,bothmodelsshouldprovidephysicalinformationthatDSZswillnotformifthereisnosubductinglithosphere.Asaresult,theDSZscannotbeproduceduntiltheoceaniclithosphericagebecomesgreaterthan0.9Mainthesquarerootmodelwhilethelinearmodelgivesamisleadingresult.Assuchthesquarerootmodeldemonstratestherelationshipphysicallybetterthanthelinearone,itstillneedsfurthertestinthefuturewithmoreavailabledata,nevertheless,ourstudymightalsoprovideevidenceforthesuggestionthattheplateageisaprimarycontrolfactoroftheDSZsgeometryaswellasthesubductingprocesswhichdisregardsanylocaltectonicstresses.

简介：Ananalysisprogramforpositronannihilationlifetimespectraisonlyapplicabletoisolateddefects,butisofnouseinthepresenceofdefectivecorrelations.Suchlimitationshavelongcausedproblemsforpositronresearchersintheirstudiesofcomplicateddefectivesystems.Inordertosolvethisproblem,weaimtotakeasemiconductormaterial,forexample,toachieveacredibleaveragelifetimeofsinglecrystalsiliconunderplasticdeformationatdifferenttemperaturesusingpositronlifetimespectroscopy.Byestablishingreasonablepositrontrappingmodelswithdefectivecorrelationsandsortingoutfourlifetimecomponentswithmultipleparameters,aswellastheirrespectiveintensities,informationisobtainedonthepositrontrappingcenters,suchasthepositrontrappingratesofdefects,thedensityofthedislocationlinesandcorrelationbetweenthedislocationlines,andthevacancydefects,byfittingwiththeaveragelifetimewiththeaidofMatlabsoftware.Theseresultsgivestronggroundsfortheexistenceofdislocation-vacancycorrelationinplasticallydeformedsilicon,andlayatheoreticalfoundationfortheanalysisofpositronlifetimespectrawhenthepositrontrappingmodelinvolvesdislocation-relateddefects.

简介：EversincethefoundingofthePeople’sRepublicofChinainOctober1949,thecountryhasalwaysidentifieditselfasamemberofdevelopingcountriesintheglobalsouthandtakenasacornerstoneofitsforeignrelationsstrengtheningtiewithotherdevelopingcountries,withdevelopmentcooperationbeing

简介：Thedensityofasphaltwasmeasuredwiththepycnometeranddensitometer.Creeppropertiesoftheasphaltwereinvestigatedwiththebendingbeamrheometerattemperaturesrangingfrom0℃to-36℃.Theasphaltdensitydatausedtocorrelatewiththecreeppropertieswerecalculatedfromtheregressionequationofdensityandtemperature.TheasphaltsampleusedtodeterminethecreeppropertywasagedbythestandardRTFOTtestandthePAVtest.Thetestresultsshowedthattheasphaltdensityhadalinearrelationshipwithtemperaturechanges.Thelogarithmofthecreepstiffnessandtheslopeofthelogarithmofthestiffnessat60secondsalldemonstratedalinearrelationshipwiththedensity,andtheregressioncoefficientofthesedatawasaround0.99.Thecreepstiffnessandtheslopeofthecreepstiffnesscanbecalculatedfromtheasphaltdensityatthesametemperature.

简介：Theelectricallyevokedsomaticmotilityofouterhaircells(OHC),brieflytermedOHCelectromotility,playsacrucialroleincochlearamplificationthatunderliestheremarkablyhighsensitivityandfrequencyselectivityofthemammalianhearing.AccompanyingOHCelectromotilityisavoltage-dependentgatingchargemovementwithinthecelllateralmembrane,manifestedasameasurablenonlinearcapacitance(NLC)inOHCs.TheelectromotilityandNLCofOHCsarehighlycorrelatedbysharingacommonmolecularsubstrate,themotorproteinprestin.Inthisstudy,wesystematicallycharacterizedthequantitativerelationshipbetweenOHCelectromotilityandNLCintheirvoltagedependencesforthepurposeoffurtherunderstandingtheelectromechanicaltransductioninOHCs.TheresultsdemonstratedthatthetwopossessdifferingvoltagedependenceswiththeV1/2ofelectromotilityconsistentlybeing～20mVdepolarizedincomparisonwiththatofNLCalthoughtheirslopefactorsαarestatisticallyidentical.FurtherinvestigationsshowedthattheinitialstateofOHCsinfluencesthevoltagedependenceofelectromotilitybutnotthatofNLC,indicatingthatsomebiophysicalfactorsotherthanthemotorproteinperseareinvolvedintheprocessofOHClengthchanges.Weproposedthatthecytoskeletalspectrin-actinframeworkunderneaththeOHCplasmamembraneandthecell'sturgorarethetwomostprobablefactorsthatcausethevoltage-dependencediscrepancybetweenOHCelectromotilityandNLC.

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简介：Ingeneral,theearlieststatesandcivilizationsofWesternAsiaandNorthAfricarespectivelyfirstcameintoexistenceattheendofthefourthmillenniumB.C.1Despitethefactthatthesetwoareasdevelopedindifferentdirectionsduringaperiodofabout3000years,therewasthensometypeofcontactbetweenAncientWestern

简介：Asapromisingtechniquetoenhancethespatialresolutionofremotesensingimagery,sub-pixelmappingisprocessedbasedonthespatialdependencetheorywiththeassumptionthatthelandcoverisspatiallydependentbothwithinpixelsandbetweenthem.Thespatialattractionisusedasatooltodescribethedependence.First,thespatialattractionsbetweenpixels,subpixel/pixelspatialattractionmodel(SPSAM),aredescribedbythemodifiedSPSAM(MSPSAM)thatestimatestheattractionsaccordingtothedistributionofsub-pixelswithinneighboringpixels.Thenamixedspatialattractionmodel(MSAM)forsub-pixelmappingisproposedthatintegratesthespatialattractionsbothwithinpixelsandbetweenthem.AccordingtotheexpressionoftheMSAMmaximumisingthespatialattraction,thegeneticalgorithmisemployedtosearchtheoptimumsolutionandgeneratethesub-pixelmappingresults.ExperimentsshowthatcomparedwithSPSAM,MSPSAMandpixelswappingalgorithmmodifiedbyinitializationfromSPSAM(MPS),MSAMcanprovidehigheraccuracyandmorerationalsub-pixelmappingresults.

简介：Tourismisoneofthetypicallaborintensiveindustriesandtourismhumanresource(HR)isthemainfactorforregionaldiscrepancyoftourismindustry.ThepapertakesChinaasresearchregionandevaluatestheleveloftourismHRandtheleveloftourismindustryof31provincesrespectively.First,thepaperconstructsevaluationindexofregionaltourismindustryandtourismHR.Then,thepapergetstheevaluationscoresofeveryprovincebyapplyingtheprincipalcomponentsanalysisandstatisticalpackageforthesocialsciencesprocessing.Second,thepaperbuildsthetourismdevelopment-tourismHRmatrixanddividesthematrixintofourquadrants.Finally,thepaperpointsouttheproblemsoftourismHRthatexistinthe31provincesandputsforwarddevelopmentstrategy.

简介：<正>Ontheoccasionofthe40thanniversaryofthediplomaticrelationshipbetweenChinaandGermany,wegathertogethertodaytocelebratethe30thanniversaryofcooperationbetweenCAFIUandFES.OnbehalfofCAFIU,IwouldliketoextendmywarmwelcometotherepresentativescomingafarfromtheheadquartersandAsianofficesofFESaswellasthepoliticalleadersandscholarsfromGermanytoattendtheEleventhSeminaronChina-GermanyForeign