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简介：BasedontheBeijingMunicipalGovern-ment'splansfordevelopingthecityandneighboringsuburbs,andaftermorethan10yearsindevelopment,theBeijingDe-velopmentZoneshavetakenshape,eachwiththeirowncharacteristics.Beijingnowhasthreestate-leveldevelopmentzones:ZhongguancunSciencePark,theBeijingEconomicandTechnologicalDe-

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简介：Thereisacouplingofthermal,mechanical,chemicalandfluidalprocessesinacontinentalshearzone.BothXincheng-XishuiandHetaishearzonesaretypicalcontinentalcrustshearzonesofgreenschistfaciesenvironment.Therepresentativemylonitezonesoftheshearzonesarestudiedwithwholerockmajorandtraceelementanalyses.Thechemicalcompositionalvariationtendenciesinbothshearzonesareverysimilarandthegain-lossratiosofvariouscomponentsinthemyloniticrocksarereflectedinthemassbalanceequations.Theenrichmentofthoseimmobilehigh-field-strenghelementsisconsideredtoherelatedtothevolumelossofthemyioniticrocksinashearzone.BasedonthevolumelossexpressionCs/Co=1/（1-V）,thefractionalvolumelosses（V）are37.5％and36.5％-42.3％respectivelyformylonitesandultramylonitesintheXincheng-Xishuishearzoneand11％and28％respectivelyformylonitesandphyllonitesintheHetaishearzone.ThehighvolumelossandlargeremovalofSiO2from

简介：ThehighalkalinitymagmatismandthcacconlpanicdorcmincralizationisconneetedwiththeMeso-zoicactivizationthatcnvelopedthelargeregionsofCentralandEastAsin.Thegeological-structural,magmatieandgeoehemicalrelationsbetweentheoremineralisationandmagmaticassociationshelptodistinguishthebigore-magmaticsrrtems(OM

简介：Crustalfaultsusuallyhaveafaultcoreandsurroundingregionsofbrittledamage,formingalow-velocityzone(LVZ)intheimmediatevicinityofthemainslipinterface.TheLVZmayamplifygroundmotion,influencerupturepropagation,andholdimportantinformationofearthquakephysics.Anumberofgeophysicalandgeodeticmethodshavebeendevelopedtoderivehigh-resolutionstructureoftheLVZ.Here,Ireviewafewrecentapproaches,includingambientnoisecross-correlationondenseacross-faultarraysandGPSrecordingsoffault-zonetrappedwaves.Despitethepastefforts,manyquestionsconcerningtheLVZstructureremainunclear,suchasthedepthextentoftheLVZ.High-qualitydatafromlargeranddenserarraysandnewseismicimagingtechniqueusinglargerportionofrecordedwaveforms,whicharecurrentlyunderactivedevelopment,maybeabletobetterresolvetheLVZstructure.Inaddition,effectsofthealongstrikesegmentationandgradationalvelocitychangesacrosstheboundariesbetweentheLVZandthehostrockonrupturepropagationshouldbeinvestigatedbyconductingcomprehensivenumericalexperiments.Furthermore,high-qualityactivesourcessuchasrecentlydevelopedlarge-volumeairgunarraysprovideapowerfultooltocontinuouslymonitortemporalchangesoffault-zoneproperties,andthuscanadvanceourunderstandingoffaultzoneevolution.

简介：Thepatternofprecipitation,includingprecipitationamount,frequencyandintensity,maychangeinthefutureaccordingtothepredictionofclimatechange.Inaridzones,thesoildynamics,plantgrowthandvegetationchange,desertificationandhydrologymightbeaffectedbyprecipitationchange.Ingeneral,theprecipitationinextremearidzoneandaridzoneshowedanincreasetendencywhereastheprecipitationinsomeareainsemi-aridzoneandsub-humidaridzoneshowedadecreasetendency.Theincreaseofprecipitationcouldenhancethegrowthofbiologicalsoilcrust,improvesoilwaterstatus,promoteplantgrowth,increasevegetationcoverage,facilitatethechangefromdesertvegetationtograsslandvegetation,anditisbenefittothereversionoflanddesertification.Inaddition,theincreaseofprecipitationcouldalsoincreasetheriverrunoff,lakestorageandpromotetheoccurrenceofflood,whilethedecreaseofprecipitationhastheadverseeffect.Thesestudieswillbenefitthepredictionofthepossibleresponseofecosystemprocessestothepotentialchangeofprecipitationpatterninaridzonesinthefuture,anditisimportanttotheconservationofnaturalvegetationandthecontrolofdesertification.Morefieldexperimentsandstudiesshouldbeconductedinthefuture,includingtheeffectofincreasedprecipitationortemperature,nitrogendepositionandCO2onsoil,vegetation,desertificationandhydrologyofaridzones,soasthemorepersuasiveresultscouldbeobtainedfromtheseexperimentsandstudies.

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简介：在在一个差错地区和包围岩石的材料之间的大性质对比被重复地震经常生产。差错地区被液体集中，充满泥土的差错凿，增加的孔，和膨胀裂缝通常描绘。因此，差错地区被认为比包围岩石减少了地震速度。在这篇文章，我们首先由使用3D越过一个垂直差错地区在一个线性数组调查了合成波形有限差别模拟。合成波形看那来源什么时候接近，在内，或在差错地区，两到达时间和P波浪和S波浪的波形下面从低速度的差错地区的边界由于思考和传播越过差错地区系统地变化。到达时间模式和波形特征能被用来决定差错地区结构。然后，我们把这个方法用于1992登陆者M7.4和2008Wenchuan的余震波形数据()M8.0地震。登陆者波形数据相对近似35%60%的主人岩石与近似270-370m，和P波浪和S波浪速度减小的宽度揭示一个低速度的地区；Wenchuan波形数据与约220300m的宽度建议一个低速度的地区，并且P波浪和S波浪速度相对约55%的主机岩石落下。

简介：Thepaperpresentsanoverviewoftherelationshipsbetweentheinteriorstructuresoftectonicterranesandthedistributionoftectonic-metallogeniczonesinSoutheastAsia.Episodictectonicactivitiesoccurredinthisarchipelagicarea,generatingmetallogenicbeltsinmulti-terranes.SincetheLatePaleozoic,openingandclosureofthePaleotethysandNeotethysledtomultiplesuturezonesbetweendifferentblocks,mainlybetweentheIndochinaterrane,theNambungterrane,theSibumasuterraneandtheWestMyanmarterrane.DuringtheMesozoictoCenozoic,theformationofaccretedterranesandtheirrelatedislandswascausedbysubductionandcollisionprocessesbetweenthePacificandAustralianplatestowardtheEurasianContinent,formingSundalandanditsaffiliatedislands,thePhilippinesanditssubsidiaryislands,thePapuaNewGuineaterraneanditsrelatedislandsandtheSundaepicontinentalarcsystem.Withinthemarginofterranesresultedinthestructuraltransferzones,theirsecondarytectonicunitscanbedividedintoislandarcbelts,back-arcbasins,suturezones,marginalfoldbeltsandorogenicbelts.Themetallogenicassemblagesaremainlydistributedwithinthesestructuralzonesoftheterranes.Accordingtotherelationshipbetweenthesetectonicunitsandthedistributionofmineralresources,thetectonic-metallogenicbeltscanbedividedinto24metallogenicbeltsinSoutheastAsia.Theyarecharacterizedbyadiversityandfrequencyofmetallogenicmaterialcombinationwhichislikelytoreflectthecomplexityofthematerialdistributionduringmineralizationprocesses,mostlybythestructuraltransformationduringthedissociation-convergenceprocessbetweenmultipleterranes.Therefore,theformationoforedepositswasnotonlyrestrictedbytheevolution(openingandclosure)ofPaleo-andNeotethys,butmayalsobecontrolledbytheinteractionoftheterraneswithdifferenttectonicattributeswhichprovidedmultiplesourcesofmetallogenicmaterial.

简介：Globalseismicitycatalogsaresufficientforcharacterizingdoubleseismiczones(DSZs)insubductingslabandfacilitatetoestimatelayerseparationwithoutinconsistentuncertaintiesaslocalcatalogs.PreviousstudieshaveshownthecorrelationbetweenDSZslayerseparationandplateagewhilecorrelationforthoseyoungerthan～60Maissuspicious.ThelackingofDSZswithlayerseparationlessthan10kmfurthermakesitdifficulttopreciselyestimatesuchcorrelation.Thus,weincorporateeightDSZsdatadeterminedthroughlocalseismicityintoglobally-determineddatasetandreexaminesuchcorrelation.Thebestfittingresultsshowthatbothalinearmodelandasquarerootofplateagecanmathematicallyfitthelayerseparationwell.However,itisdifficulttodistinguishthesetwomodelswhenplateageisgreaterthan～20Masincetheirdifferenceislessthan2km.However,ifextrapolationispossible,bothmodelsshouldprovidephysicalinformationthatDSZswillnotformifthereisnosubductinglithosphere.Asaresult,theDSZscannotbeproduceduntiltheoceaniclithosphericagebecomesgreaterthan0.9Mainthesquarerootmodelwhilethelinearmodelgivesamisleadingresult.Assuchthesquarerootmodeldemonstratestherelationshipphysicallybetterthanthelinearone,itstillneedsfurthertestinthefuturewithmoreavailabledata,nevertheless,ourstudymightalsoprovideevidenceforthesuggestionthattheplateageisaprimarycontrolfactoroftheDSZsgeometryaswellasthesubductingprocesswhichdisregardsanylocaltectonicstresses.

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简介：Accuratedeterminationofflushingtimeiscrucialformaintainingsustainableproductioninfishculturezones(FCZs),asitrepresentsthephysicalself-purificationcapabilityviatidalexchangewithcleanwaterintheoutersea.However,owingtothetemporalandspatialcomplexityofthecoastalflushingprocess,existingmethodsfordeterminingflushingtimemaynotbegenerallyapplicable.Inthispaper,asystematicmethodfordeterminingtheflushingtimeinFCZsispresented,inwhichbathymetry,runoff,tidalrangeandstratificationareproperlyaccountedfor.Wedeterminetheflushingtimevianumericaltracerexperiments,usingrobust3Dhydrodynamicandmasstransportmodels.ForFCZslocatedinshelteredandland-lockedtidalinlets,thesystemboundarycanbenaturallydefinedattheconnectionwiththeopensea.ForFCZslocatedinopenwaters,hydrodynamictrackingisfirstusedtoassesstheextentoftidalexcursionandthusdelimittheinitialboundarybetweencleanwaterandpollutedwater.ThisgeneralmethodisappliedtoalldesignatedmarineFCZsinHongKongforboththedryandwetseasons,including20shelteredFCZs(insemi-enclosedwatersofToloHarbour,MirsBay,andPortShelter)and6FCZsinopenwaters.OurresultsshowthatflushingtimeisthelongestininnerPortShelter(about40daysindryseason),andtheshortestfortheFCZsinopenwaters(lessthanoneweekindryseason).Inaddition,theflushingtimeindryseasoniscommonlylongerthanthatinwetseason:20%~40%formostwell-shelteredFCZs;2.6~4timesfortheothers.Ourresultsindicateapositivecorrelationbetweentheflushingtimeanddistancetoopenboundary,supportingtheviewthattheflushingtimeofaFCZiscloselyrelatedtoitslocation.ThisstudyprovidesasolidbasisformariculturemanagementsuchasthedeterminationofcarryingcapacityofFCZs.

简介：Thebasin-and-rangeareaineasternNorthChinaisknownforfrequentoccurrenceofearthquakes,theirgreatmagnitudesandheavylossestherebyincurred.Seismicstudiesinthepastusuallyemphasizedtheintersections,inflexionsandbranchesofthefaults.However,theintensitiesofmanygreatearthquakesinthisareadonotshowlineardistribution,andtheepicentersarehorizontallydispersedatcertaindepthsinsteadofalongthestrikeoffaults.Basedonthesub-mantleplumestudiesmadebyauthorsinthepastdecade,itisthoughtthatthereexistsanupliftedsub-mantleplumeunderthefaultdepressionareainNorthChina.Theupliftingandintrusionofmantlematerialscausedtheuppercrusttobefaulted,whilelow-velocityandhigh-velocitylayersarealternativelydistributedinthemiddlecrustundertheinfluenceofthemantleandthelowercrust.Themiddleandlowercrustmaterialsweredetachedfromthetopofthesubmantleplumetothesurroundingswhilethesub-mantleplumematerialsweredetachedoutward.Whenthedetachedmiddleandlowercrustcometotheboundaryoffaultbasinsintheuppercrust,theywillbeobstructedbytheorogeniczoneandthedetachmentwillgoslower.Theshearingbetweenthemwillcausethestresstoaccumulateandreleasealternatively,sothatearthquakesoccurredfrequentlyintheareasofsub-mantleplumeanditssurroundings.

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简介：在热带气旋(TC)的最近的趋势和可变性频率和紧张为影响了中国的TC被检验，与影响的那些TC的特别焦点，瓷器给经济地区调音(例如，长江三角洲，珀尔河三角洲，和北京天津区域)。结果证明微弱地影响中国的TC的频率在1980年代和2000年代期间衰退了，由细微增加列在后面。TC频率的时间系列在过去的60年期间在26年的时期显示出不足道的变化；这些变化显著地与ENSO活动被相关。当影响长江三角洲的TC的频率不是时，影响珍珠河三角洲区域的TC的频率强烈与ENSO周期被相关。TC频率为不同紧张的TC不同地变化。影响中国的热带暴风雨(TS)在全部的数字是小的，但是清楚地在频率增加了。严重热带暴风雨(圣)的频率，台风(TY)，严重台风(猪圈)，和影响中国的超级台风(超级TY)在1970年代期间显著地衰退了，猪圈和超级TY的1980年代，而是数字在2000年代上增加了。影响中国的TC的典型紧张在60年的timeframe上衰退了，但是在最近的10年(20002010)增加了。TC的紧张的这增加特别地影响了长江三角洲区域，它经历了猪圈和超级TY的增加的数字。这些趋势特别地在完整的60年的分析时期和最近的10年的时期期间在一般来说影响两个中国的TC和长江三角洲的最大的紧张的变化被观察；然而，这些趋势没在TC的平均紧张的变化被观察。由对比，极端紧张和影响珍珠河三角洲的TC的平均紧张在整个分析时期减少了，包括最近的十年。

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简介：<正>SCHOOLREFORMINENGLANDANDTHE"THIRDWAY"TheNewLabourGovernmenthasexpressedacommitmenttoaprogrammeofsocialreformaspartofitsdrivetotacklethecombinationoflocal

简介：有为在农业分水岭的环境恢复的长期的植被盖子的河边的缓冲区的地理设计需要估计多少农田位于一个担心的分水岭的缓冲区。传统地，这个评价被地调查并且用手的印射做，它是为一个大区域的一个费时间、昂贵的过程。在这份报纸，遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)作为划算的技术被用来为识别农业河边的缓冲区恢复的批评地点开发一条基于集水的途径。方法与11集水通过分水岭的案例研究被解释，结果仅仅显示出那四集水以为河边的缓冲区恢复的更高的优先级是合格的。这研究在集水以内越过一个分水岭并且到可变缓冲情形的地理图案在基于集水的河边的缓冲区有方法学的贡献到对耕作紧张的空间评价。前者使基于集水的管理策略可能，并且后者提供其他的恢复情形遇见不同管理目的，哪个在真实世界上有直接实现到河边的缓冲区的环境恢复。因此，这研究加亮RS和GIS应用程序的大潜力到在农业分水岭计划和河边的缓冲区恢复的管理。