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简介：因为它的潜在的应用，水文学监视并且季节的预报是一块活跃研究地。在最近的十年，在地面和卫星大小的开发使水象学的信息容易地可得到，并且在技术以一种即时方式便于数据分析的信息进展。在气候研究的新进步并且当模特儿与合理精确性启用了季节的气候的预言并且增加了分辨率。这些新兴的技术和进展启用了精确水文学的更多的及时获得流动和地位，和象干旱和洪水那样的极端水文学事件的更早的警告。这篇论文在监视并且预报的水文学给电流无常的最先进的理解，在监视观察从各种各样的来源并且试验性的季节的水文学预报帮助的系统的运作的水文学考察努力和进步，并且简短介绍监视并且预报在中国的惯例的水流。为近的未来的宏大挑战和观点也被讨论，包括获得并且提取为监视并且预报的可靠信息，预言在河盆的现实主义的水文学流动和状态被人的活动显著地改变，并且充满在数字模型和终端用户之间的差距。我们强调理解到转移的运作的水管理和优先级的需要研究知识到决策人的重要性。

简介：A6-layer,4°×5°horizontalresolutionglobaloceanmodelhasbeendesignedandimproved.Aftera100-yearin-tegration,anequilibriumstatehasbeenreachedfromtheuppertolowerlayers.Bytakingthemeanstateoflastl0mod-elyearsasclimaticstate,weanalyzedthecharacteristicsoftheseasonalvariationinourmodelintegration.Theresultsshowthatthesimulatedseasonalvariationissimilartotheobserved.Sothedesignofourmodelissuccessful.Then,us-ingthesimulatedclimaticstateoftheseasonalvariationastheinitialstate,andtheobservedstressandthermalstateastheatmosphericforcing,wesimulatedtheprocessofElNinoin1972—1973successfully.Thesimulatedresultsofsea-sonalvariationusingourmodelwillbepresentedinpartI.

简介：Inthispaper,seasonalpredictionofspringdustweatherfrequency(DWF)inBeijingduring1982-2008hasbeenperformed.First,correlationanalysesareconductedtoidentifyantecedentclimatesignalsduringlastwinterthatarestatisticallysignificantlyrelatedtospringDWFinBeijing.Then,aseasonalpredictionmodelofspringDWFinBeijingisestablishedthroughmultivariatelinearregressionanalysis,inwhichthesystematicerrorbetweentheresultoforiginalpredictionmodelandtheobservation,averagedoverthelast10years,iscorrected.Inaddition,itisfoundthatclimatesignalsoccurringsynchronouslywithspringdustweather,particularlymeridionalwindat850hPaoverwesternMongolianPlateau,arealsolinkedcloselytospringDWFinBeijing.Assuch,statisticalanddynamicpredictionapproachesshouldbecombinedtoincludethesesynchronouspredictorsintothepredictionmodelinthereal-timeoperationalprediction,soastofurtherimprovethepredictionaccuracyofspringDWFinBeijing,evenoverNorthChina.However,realizingsuchapredictionideainpracticedependsessentiallyontheabilityofclimatemodelsinpredictingkeyclimatesignalsassociatedwithspringDWFinBeijing.

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简介：ＭＯＮＴＨＬＹＡＮＤＳＥＡＳＯＮＡＬＯＰＥＲＡＴＩＯＮＡＬＮＵＭＥＲＩＣＡＬＷＥＡＴＨＥＲＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＩＮＴＨＥＳＵＭＭＥＲＯＦ１９９４ＳｏｎｇＱｉｎｇｌｉ（宋青丽）ａｎｄＺｈｅｎｇＱｉｎｇｌｉｎ（郑庆林）ＭＯＮＴＨＬＹＡＮＤＳＥＡＳＯＮＡＬ...

简介：Progressesintheresearchforseasondivisionandseasonalchangesarereviewedsystematicallyinthispaper,whichparticularlyintroducestheresultsofanationalnaturalsciencefoundationproject,'thenonlinearidentificationofseasonalchangesanditsresponsestoglobalwarming'.Theprojectdevelopedtwoobjectiveandquantitativemethodsforseasondivision:thenon-linearsimilaritymeasure(NSM)methodandtheregionalmulti-elementoptimaldissection(RMOD)method,whichdifferfromtraditionalonesforseasondivision.Besides,theprojectfurtherinvestigatedseasonalchangesandtheirresponsestoglobalwarming,analyzedevolutioncharacteristicsofthestartingdateandlengthofseasonsinhistory,revealedtheirrelationshipswithextremeeventsandprecipitationpatternsinrainyseasons,andtherebybuiltaresearchsystemforseasonalchangesinChinaundertheglobalwarmingbackground.Finally,theauthorsmakeanoutlookontheresearchforseasondivisionandseasonalchangesandputforwardseveralissuesassociatedwithseasonandclimatechangesthatneedtobefurtherexplored.

简介：TheabruptchangesofzonalcirculationintheTibetanPlateau(TP)regionandtheirlikelycausesarederivedfromNationalCentersforEnvironmentalPredictionandtheNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchreanalysisdata.ThezonalcirculationovertheTPabruptlychangedinsummer(31stpentad)andwinter(59thpentad).Theswitchfromsummertowintercirculationischaracterizedbyasuddennorthwardshiftofthewesterliesandthezero-velocitycurveanddisappearanceofthewesterlyjet.Thewinter-summerswitchischaracterizedbythereversepattern.Therefore,thecirculationconversionbetweensummerandwintercanbejudgedfromthepositionofthezero-velocitycurve.Curveslocatednorthof20°NindicatesummercirculationovertheTPandviceversa.TheabruptchangeofzonalcirculationismainlycausedbythethermodynamiceffectoftheTP.InJune,thiseffectcausesahugemonsooncirculationcellextendingfromtheTPtolowlatitudes.Consequently,thewesterliesjumptothenorthaseasterliesdevelop.Thisprocess,whichisenhancedbythestrongnortherlyinCoriolis,establishesthesummercirculation.InOctober,theHadleycellrecursasthethermaleffectsoftheTPdiminish,thewesterliesrushsouthward,andthewintercirculationisestablished.

简介：OnthebasisoftheresearchofDObudgetorkineticsinshrimppond,themaininfluenceprocessofDOanditsseasonalvariationsarequantitativelydescribedthroughredividingthebudgetprocessandmodifyingthequantitativemethodoftheprocess.Thepercentagesofoxygendemandofvariousprocessesinthetotaloxygendemandaredifferentinshrimpcultivationseasons.Itisshowedthatthedissolvedoxygendemandofmini-organismsisthemajoraffectedfactorofDOinthisenvironmentandapproximatelyaccountsfor64.1～74.1%ofthetotaloxygendemand.Intheearlyperiodofshrimpculture,thedissolvedoxygendemandofallotrophicbacteriadegradingorganicmattersismuchlowerthanthatofphytoplanktonrespiration.Butinthemidterrnandlaterperiod,itisabout50%ofthetotaloxygendemandbecauseofthehigherwatertemperatureandmoreseriousself-pollution.Thedissolvedoxygendemandofsedimentislowerandjust19.1～28.8%,whilethepercentageofshrimpoxygendemandislower.TheeffectofphytoplanktononDOinshrimpculturingwaterhasdualism.Oneistheoxygenproducingprocessofphotosynthesisandtheotheristheoxygenconsumptionprocessofrespiration.Itisestimatedthatthedissolvedoxygendemandofphytoplanktonrespirationisapproximatelyone-fifthoftheoxygenproducedbyphotosynthesisundernormalilluminationconditions.Thedissolvedoxygendemandofallotrophicbacteriadegradingorganicmattersandthetotaloxygendemandofsedimentincrease4timesand1.7timesrespectivelyfromtheearlyperiodtothemidtermandlaterperiod.Obviously,theDOofculturingwatercanbealsogreatlyimprovedbycontrollingtheselfpollutionoforganicmattersduringshrimpculture.

简介：用NCEP/NCAR分析数据，在NorthernHemisphere的热运输的变化被学习。有，这被发现内部在发情的十的变化从中纬度搬运到高纬度。变化内部在在120°E附近的经度上的十的热运输从有在约90°E上并且在东北太平洋上的那些的阶段。热运输的Theseasonal变化也被讨论。大多数热从中纬度在对流层的底层被搬运到高纬度，这被发现。Overaround120°E并且在约120°W上，越过32.5°N的热运输的季节、内部的年变化是明显的并且在里面阶段。

简介：地区性的ionospheric模特儿被收养到determinesatellite-plus-receiver微分延期。satel-lite-plus-receiver微分延期作为经常的价值被估计为每天。双频率的GPS伪范围observ-ables是usedtocompute垂直侦探(VTEC)。所有每月吝啬的VTEC侧面被在2000和2004之间的北京IGS地点的图usingGPS数据代表。VTEC的每月平均的价值和振幅被图也代表。结果显示VTEC有季节的相关性。在2000的VTEC的每月平均的价值和振幅比那in2004大大约2倍。最大的VTEC价值在三月和4月被观察，当最小的VTEC价值在12月被观察时。季节的变化趋势被发现在多项式在2000和2004之间适合以后类似。

简介：为了在Selenga河三角洲并且到监视器的生态系统估计今日的污染层次，变化由家庭的分泌物引起了拒绝并且工业废物，以及工作农业并且股票农场在里面

简介：InthisstudywevalidatetherawensemblemeanforecastsoftheCCCma’sGCM2modelagainstsurfacetemperatureandprecipitationdataobtainedfrom160Chinesestations.Itisfoundthatdespitethelagrebiases,themodelwasabletoproduceseasonalanomaliesthathavepropertiesthatarereasonablyclosetothosethatareobserved.Thisanomalyisthequantityofinterestwhenforecastingseasonalclimaticconditions.Therootmeansquareddifference(RMSD)betweentheforecastandobservedanomalyleadsustobemodestlyoptimisticabouttheprospectsforusingdynamicalmodelstoforecasttheinterannualvariabilityofsomemeteorologicalelements.ThecorrelationanalysisoftheforecastandobservationalsosupportstheresultgivenbytheRMSDanalysisandprovidesatoolforidentifytheforecastconfidencelevelinvariousregions,

简介：在过去20一，在Beibu海湾的海湾规模发行量通常被接受了被一个风压力或密度坡度驱使。然而，基于被观察验证的一个三维的baroclinic模型使用三个敏感实验，形成机制被揭示：在北Beibu海湾的发行量被季风风在整个一年触发；而南部的海湾发行量被季风风和华南海(SCS)驾驶在冬季和夏天的循环分别地。热流动和潮汐的泛音的力量在力量和范围，以及本地发行量结构，而是这些因素没影响的发行量上有强壮的效果在Beibu海湾的主要发行量结构。在另一方面，因为季节的thermocline层被热的输入产生以便在上面的热水和更低的冷水之间的垂直混合被堵住，没有热流动的力量，Beibu海湾冷水团(BGCWM)将消失。另外，在北海湾的导致风的气旋的旋回对BGCWM的存在有利。然而，没有潮汐的泛音的力量，BGCWM的范围区域稍微被增加。当模型被强迫的每月平均的表面驾驶时，发行量结构被改变到某程度，和几乎百分之百向外扩大的BGCWM的范围区域，暗示在Beibu海湾的发行量和水质量对表面力量的时间的决定的有的强壮的回答。

简介：期刊海藻的花蕾从沉积导致磷(P)的免职和版本进水。因此，当海藻的粒子开始安定到底部时，在季节的变化期间，在沉积理解行为和P的分发特征是最重要的钥匙管理Saemangeum水库的水质量。在这研究，水质量和沉积作文包括叶绿素的变化--一(Chl--一)并且P被调查决定在水和沉积之间的相互作用。学习首先集中了于影响P版本和沉积的矿化作用的海藻的粒子沉积。Chl--水里的集中在10月看了锋利的衰落水藻什么时候开始在秋天死了，并且后来，化学的氧需求(货到付款)的集中和在沉积的全部的P(TP)在11月由于腐烂的海藻的粒子的沉积增加了。在时间的一样的时期期间，在沉积的容易地简历可得到的P(敲击)在在哪儿的上面的区域显示出激烈的增加Chl--水的集中高。在顺序，高敲击地区在早冬季从上面的区域变了到更低的区域。敲击移动被认为从分解水藻在沉积的表面上从安定的overlying水的物理流动被发源。Saemangeum水库最近被构造；因此，除了可溶的反应的磷(SRP)的无机的P部分的所有类型在湖和沼泽地沉积层的底部表面上存在不是足够的显著地影响overlying水。在另一方面，从水藻的释放P对季节的变化不同、敏感。在结论，海藻的粒子沉积是重要的在Seamangeum水库从沉积表面层的使矿物化的无机的P控制超营养作用而非P版本。

简介：During1985～1987,theconcentrationofnitratenitrogenwashigherintheLaizhouBayandtheBohaiBaywhilethatofnitritenitrogenwashigherintheLiaodongBayandtheBohaiBay,Theconcentrationofnitratenitrogenwashighestinwinterandlowestinsummerwhilethatofnitritenitrogenwashighestinautumnandlowestinspring.theseasonalvariationoftheconcentrationofnitratenitrogenwasmaximumintheLaizhouBayandtheBohaiBaywhilethatoftheconcentrationofnitritenitrogenwasmaximumintheLiaodongBay.Therewasagreatdifferenceintheconcentrationofnitratenitrogenbetweenthesurfaceandthebottominautumnandintheconcentrationofnitritenitrogenbetweenthesurfaceandthebottominsummer.Themainreasonfortheseasonalvariationsoftheconcentrationofnitratenitrogenandnitritenitrogenwasthemarinebiochemicalprocess.ThenitratenitrogenandnitritenitrogenintheBohaiSeabasicallymaintainedaquasi-equilibriumstateseasonalcycle,Thequesi-equilibriumstateseasonalcycleofnitratenitrogenandnitritenitrogenatthebottomwasstablewhilethatatthesurfacewasliabletovariationscausedbyotherfactors.

简介：东方Asiansubtropical西的喷气(EAWJ)和热机制的紧张和地点的季节变异被从1961～2000使用NCEP/NCARmonthlyreanalysis数据分析。EAWJ的季节变异集中，这被发现不仅有重要南方的移植，而且显示出快速的带的排水量duringJune7月。而且，在那里存在带的矛盾在向北方转移EAWJaxis的过程。EAWJ季节变异的热机制上的分析显示EAWJ季节变异的年度周期与气温的南方的差别的结构匹配很好，建议EAWJ季节变异是仔细与由于太阳辐射和陆地海的不同类的加热有关热对比。Throughinvestigating在EAWJ和热运输之间的关系，这被揭示EAWJweakens和移动向北方在到夏日的从冬的温暖的时期期间，而theEAWJ加强并且变在到冬的从夏日的冷却时期期间向南方。水平热移流运输的Themeridional差别是决定南方的温度差别的主要因素。EAWJ的南方的移动跟随水平热移流运输的最大的南方的坡度的地点。在从Aprilto10月的时期期间，加热的diabatic在EAWJcenter的带的排水量起主角。西藏的高原加热到中间上面的对流层的diabatic在6月7月期间导致EAWJ中心的快速的带的排水量。

简介：TheNCEP/NCARreanalysisdatasetsandClimatePredictionCenter(CPC)MergedAnalysisofPrecipitation(CMAP)raindataareusedtoinvestigatethelargescaleseasonaltransitionofEastAsiansubtropicalmonsoon(EASM)anditspossiblemechanism.ThekeyregionofEASMisdefinedaccordingtotheseasonaltransitionfeatureofmeridionalwind.Bycombiningthe’thermalwind’formulaandthe’thermaladaptation’equation,anew’thermal-wind-precipitation’relationisdeduced.Theareameanwinddirectionsandthermaladvectionsindifferentseasonsareanalyzedanditisshownthatinsummer(winter)monsoonperiod,theaveragedwinddirectionintheEASMregionvariesclockwise(anticlockwise)withaltitude,andtheEASMregionisdominatedbywarm(cold)advection.TheseasonaltransitionofthewinddirectionatdifferentlevelsandthecorrespondingmeridionalcirculationconsistentlyindicatesthatthesubtropicalsummermonsoonisestablishedbetweentheendofMarchandthebeginningofApril.Finally,aconceptualschematicexplanationforthemechanismofseasonaltransitionofEASMisproposed.

简介：Inthepresentpaper,theauthorgivessomecommentsonacupuncturetreatmentofdiseasesfrom1)selectingacupointsbasedonseasonalconditions;2)performingreinforcingorreducingneedlingmanipulationsinaccordancewiththewaxingandwanningofthemoon;3)conductingacupuncturetreatmentinaccordancewiththetimeandthestateofdisease;and4)performingacupuncturetreatmentbasedontheprosperityordeclineofthemeridian-qi,whicharedescribedinmedicalbookTheYellowEmperor'sInternalClassic.

简介：AbstractViral isolation in cell cultures has been regarded for decades as the "gold standard" for the laboratory diagnosis of influenza viral infections. Not all viral strains could be isolated from clinical samples. This study aimed to quantify the viral load in the samples before isolation to save working time and improve working efficiency. Four hundred samples from patients with influenza-like cases were confirmed pdmH1N1 positive (200 cases) and B Victoria (BV) positive (200 cases) by whole-genome sequencing and analyzed by ddPCR for viral load in samples before isolation, and isolation results were verified by hemagglutination (HA) assay and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests. Probit regression analysis was used to calculate the isolation viral load limit with a 95% probability level by SPSS 19.0 software. The results showed that the isolation limit of viral load was 4.9 × 104 (95% CI: 2.5 × 104-9.0 × 104) copies/mL for pdmH1N1 and 1.9 × 104 (95% CI: 7.8 × 103-3.6 × 104) copies/mL for BV. The isolation rate of clinical samples is positively correlated with the viral load in clinical samples, which can be used for viral culture, providing important guidance for daily work.