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简介：InthispaperamathematicalmodelofAIDSisinvestigated.Theconditionsoftheexistenceofequilibriaandlocalstabilityofequilibriaaregiven.TheexistencesoftranscriticalbifurcationandHopfbifurcationarealsoconsidered.inparticular,theconditionsfortheexistenceofHopfbifurcationcanbegivenintermsofthecoefficientsofthecharacteristicequation.ThemethodextendstheapplicationoftheHopfbifurcationtheoremtohigherdifferentialequationswhichoccurinbiologicalmodels,chemicalmodels,andepidemiologicalmodelsetc.

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简介：ThereareseveralmathematicalmodelswhichinvolvethenbyntridiagonalmatrixJ_n,wheretheelementsinthemaindiagonalareequalto2,andtheelementsinthesub-andthesuper-diagonalsareequalto—1.Thesemodelsincludeheatdiffusionincompartmen-talsystems,steadystatetemperaturedistribution,discretetimeoscillator,discreteloadedstringinequilibrium,loadedvibratedstring,mechanicalsystemsconsistingofinterlacing

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简介：题目：区域降雨频率分析中的质量和数量不确定性分析目的：通过引进NUSAP方法量化区域降雨频率分析不确定性来源中质量方面的不确定性，并结合数量方面的不确定性，分析这些不确定性对降雨频率分析的影响，为水资源风险决策和水利工程设计等提供更好的指导。　　创新点：总结区域降雨频率分析中的不确定性来源，并在区域频率分析中引进NUSAP方法用以量化其质量不确定性，针对区域频率分析提出Pedigree矩阵。　　方法：1.选取区域频率分析中三个主要不确定性来源，即降雨测量不确定性、水文分区不确定性和分布线型的不确定性；2.提出针对区域频率分析的评价依据Pedigree矩阵，量化区域频率分析中的质量不确定性；3.将质量和数量两类不确定性结合在不确定性诊断图中，综合评估区域频率分析中的质量不确定和数量不确定性。　　结论：NUSAP方法可以有效地量化区域降雨频率分析中的质量不确定性，并通过不确定性诊断图将质量不确定和数量不确定性很好地结合起来，为水资源风险决策和水利工程设计等提供了直观的方案。

简介：AbstractPurpose:Firefighters are exposed to high levels of occupational risk factors, such as safety risks, chemical, ergonomic, and physical hazards that may jeopardize their lives. To overcome these hazards, firefighters must be physically, mentally, and personally fit to work. This study aimed to explore the criteria and factors affecting firefighters' resilience based on stakeholders’ experiences.Methods:This qualitative study was carried out using conventional content analysis. In total, 21 face-to-face interviews were conducted by firefighters who were experienced in the field. The interviews were carried out from July 2019 to January 2020. The data were collected using 3 unstructured interviews and then resumed by 18 semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was done using Graneheim method.Results:The participants had more than 5 years of experience in the field of search and rescue. The extracted codes through data analysis were classified into 3 main categories (individual, organizational, and social factors), 9 sub-categories (mental, physical, occupational, managerial, colleagues-related, equipment-related, environmental, community-related, and family-related factors), as well as 19 sub-sub-categories and 570 codes.Conclusion:Firefighters' personality, physical condition, behavior and psychological characteristics can affect their resilience along with organizational and management factors that play significant role in people's safety. Developing a tool for assessing resilience can help decision makers to have a real depict of firefighters' job qualifications.

简介：BymeansoflimittheoryandFonda'stheorem,anSEISepidemicmodelwithconstantrecruitmentandthedisease-relatedrateisconsidered.Theincidencetermisofthenonlinearform,andthebasicreproductionnumberisfound.Ifthebasicreproductionnumberislessthanone,thereexistsonlythedisease-freeequilibrium,whichisgloballyasymptoticallystable,andthediseasediesouteventually.Ifthebasicreproductionnumberisgreaterthanone,besidestheunstabledisease-freeequilibrium,thereexistsalsoauniqueendemicequilibrium,whichislocallyasymptoticallystable,andthediseaseisuniformlypersistent.

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简介：AbstractBackground:Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health threat and the leading infectious disease cause of death worldwide. Access to and retention in TB care remains a challenge for patients, particularly those living in rural and remote settings. This qualitative study explored barriers and facilitators to accessing and maintaining contact with TB care services in communities in Xigaze (Shigatse) prefecture, Xizang Autonomous Region (Tibet Autonomous Region), China from the perspective of persons impacted by TB.Methods:We conduced in-depth interviews with 23 participants impacted by TB in four rural districts in Xigaze prefecture, Xizang Autonomous Region, China between April 2019 and November 2020. Interviews were conducted in Tibetan and Mandarin, transcribed in Mandarin and translated into English. Transcripts were checked against recordings by native Tibetan and Mandarin speakers. QSR NVivo12 software was used for framework analysis guided by an access to care conceptual framework by Levesque et al.Results:Overall patients reported low awareness of and an indifferent attitude towards TB, although all reported understanding the need to adhere to treatment. Participants reported complex pathways to care, often requiring visits to multiple healthcare facilities. Some participants reported visiting traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM) providers. Participants reported various barriers to accessing care including challenges physically reaching care, out-of-pocket payments for tests, diagnostics and transport. Barriers to maintaining care included medication side effects and worry about treatment effectiveness. Enablers to accessing care identified included knowledge or past experience with TB, integrated models of TTM and western care, supportive village doctors who conducted home visits, free TB treatment and other subsidies, as well as having family support with care and social support as barriers and facilitators to maintaining treatment.Conclusions:We identified barriers and facilitators to accessing services in rural communities in Xigaze from the perspective of persons impacted by TB. Challenges include complex pathways to care, travel distances, wait times and low awareness. Tuberculosis care in the region could be strengthened by ongoing culturally tailored educational campaigns to increase awareness, partnerships with TTM providers, providing comprehensive treatment subsidies and strengthening the role of family members in comprehensive TB care.

简介：Thesymmetryenergy,whichgovernsmanyphysicalphenomenafromthestructureofexoticnucleitoastrophysicalprocesses,hasmanyramificationsinbothnuclearphysicsandastrophysics.Althoughnuclearsymmetryenergyanditsslopeatthenormaldensityofnuclearmatterhavebeenroughlypinneddown,recentinterpretationsofFOPIandFOPI-LANDdatabydifferenttransportmodelsleadtodivergentconclusionsonthedensity-dependentsymmetryenergyatsupradensities.

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简介：ThisresearchexaminesEnglishteachingandlearningatMadrasasinBangladesh.ThisstudyemploysaqualitativeapproachandattemptstoidentifytheproblemsintheprogramsthatdebarfromachievingexpectedEnglishlearningoutcome.Weconductedasemi-structuredinterviewwithinterviewees,includingrelevantMadrasateachers,trainers,traineeteachers,Educationofficers,andEnglishresourcepersonsatNationalAcademyforEducationalManagement(NAEM),DhakaTeachers’TrainingCollege(TTC),andBangladeshMadrasaTeachers’TrainingInstitute(BMTTI)locatedinDhaka.WefoundthatteachertrainingforEnglishlanguagelearningisurgentlyrequired.CurriculumandsyllabusinEnglishneedtobemadethefocusonfourskills—reading,writing,speaking,andlistening.Leadingedgetechnologyisidentifiedasanindispensableitemforlearners.TherecruitingsystemofEnglishteachersneedstobereformed.ThebestpracticewouldbetaggedittoBangladeshPublicServiceCommission(BPSC),soastogeteffectiveandqualifiedteachers.Thisstudyidentifiedthesupervisoryandadministrativedeficiencies.Toimprovemonitoring,supervisionprocesses,student-friendlyMadrasaadministration,andMadrasamanagingcommitteeisaninstrumental.

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简介：Inthispaperamathematicalmodelofchemicalsystemsisinvestigated.WepresenttheconditionsfortheexistenceandlocalstabilityofthesteadystatesandtheperiodicsolutionoftheHopftype.Specifically,weshowbyusinganana-lyticalmethodthattheremayexisttwoorfourHopfbifurcationpointsseparatedatafinitedistancefromeachother;atthesametime,atechniqueforstudyingtheHopfbifurcationvalueisgiven.

简介：精子disomy的层次相关到不孕的层次，现在是众所周知的(象另外的因素一样)。永久维持aneuploidy到经历intracytoplasmic精子注射(ICSI)的不肥沃的男性的后代的风险在帮助复制成为了一个暑热地辩论的问题；然而，在那里仍然是障碍到为精子提供在一个临床的背景屏蔽的disomy的实际实现。主要障碍是花到分析的操作员时间一统计上有意义(足够)房间的数字。“自动化点数”的介绍软件鈥揾ardware联合介绍一个潜在的解决方案给这个问题。在这初步的确认研究，我们分析了10个病人，手工地并且用一个商业地可得到的点阻止。结果显示出在两条途径之间的统计上重要的关联因为当为双精子得分时，精子disomy，而是没有关联得分被发现。对后者的最可能的解释作为一个单个双房间是二个仔细联系的精子头的明显的overscoring。这些结果，和将续起的类似的进一步的研究，通知费用鈥揵enefit的帮助分析那单个诊所需要执行以便决定是否采用从要求ICSI治疗的人为对精子的评价作为一个平淡的工具屏蔽的精子aneuploidy。