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简介：Regulationrelatesto.FoodpackagingadoitivesMedicalpackagingadditives.FlameRetaradantPlasticizer.Plasticizer.Antimicrobial.Colorant.

简介：在allosteric酶和底层之间的有约束力的过程上的使活跃之物分子和压抑的分子的效果被考虑绑在allosteric酶的调整分子的heterotropic效果讨论。有heterotropic效果的allosteric酶的一个模型被介绍。在规定过程的cooperativity和anticooperativity被学习。

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简介：Programmedcelldeathplaysanimportantroleinmaintaininghomeostasisduringanimaldevelopment,andhasbeenconservedinanimalsasdifferentasnematoesandhumans.RecentstudiesofDrosophilahaveprovidedvaluadleinformationtowardourunderstandingofgeneticregulationofdeath.Differentsignalstriggerthenoveldeathregulatorsrpr,hid,andgrim,thatutilizetheevolutionarilyconservediapandarkgenestomodulatecaspasefunction.Subsequentremovalofdyingcellsalsoappearstobeaccomplishedbyconservedmechanisms.ThesimilaritybetweenDrosophilaandhumanincelldeathsignalingpathwaysillustratethepromiseoffruitfliesasamodelsystemtoelucidatekthemechanismsunderlyingregulationofprogrammedcelldeath.

简介：自我忍耐的损失和汽车反应的淋巴细胞的扩大是汽车免疫的基础。当保证的协调过程与非病理学的结果调整了细胞质和压力反应，Apoptosis和由吞噬细胞的apoptotic房间的快速的清理通常发生。在apoptotic房间的清理的缺点将贡献自我反应的淋巴细胞的产生，它驾驶象风湿性关节炎(RA)和全身的豺狼座erythematosus(SLE)那样的自体免疫的混乱。cytokines(IL-12，IL-23，和IL-27)和IL-10的IL-12家庭被吞噬细胞的巨噬细胞生产并且在对病原体的有免疫力的回答期间在介绍抗原的房间(APC)和受动器淋巴细胞的规定起关键作用。这些cytokines和他们的dysregulated活动的不恰当的表示强烈在几自体免疫的疾病的致病被含有。由吞噬细胞的APC的支持inflammatory和反煽动性的cytokines的生产精巧地作为内在的机制的部分在apoptotic房间的摄取期间被调整阻止煽动性的自体免疫的反应。怎么导出房间的信号调整的apoptoticcytokine生产糟糕被理解。由我们的组的最近的研究证明由激活的巨噬细胞的apoptotic房间的那个吞噬作用由激活一个新奇抄写抑压者导致IL-12p35基因表示的强壮的抑制，我们把它称为GC有约束力的蛋白质(GC-BP)，通过酷氨酸dephosphorylation。我们开始也正在理解位于apoptotic下面的分子的机制由吞噬细胞的IL-10的被触发房间的生产。阐明的这些研究愿望帮助一些新奇有免疫力的规章的机制并且与潜力探索对汽车抗原的有免疫力的回答的规定为自体免疫的混乱的处理发现新治疗学的目标。

简介：-BasedonthefeasibilitystudyofdevelopingthenavigationresourcesoftheGuanheRiverandthemodeltestresultsofthemouthbarregulation,thispaperpresentssomebasicprinciplesfortheregulationofthechannelonthemouthbar,forinstance,thedirectionofnavigationchannelshouldbeidenticalwiththatoftheebbtidecurrentandthemainwaves,andperpendiculartothebathymetriccontours.Theprinciplesforregulatingmouthbarsarealsodiscussedinthispaper.

简介：NF-κBisatranscriptionfactorofeukaryote,fivemembersofwhosefamilyinmammalsandthreeindrosophila.TranscriptionfactorsoftheNF-κfamilyareactivatedinresponsetosignalsthatleadtocellgrowth,differentiation,apoptosisandotherevents.NF-κBtakespartinexpressionofnumerouscytokinesandadhesionmoleculeswhicharecriticalelementsinvolvedintheregulationofimmuneresponses.Inthisreview,wefocusonourcurrentunderstandingofNF-κBsignalpathwayanditsroleintheinnateandadaptiveimmuneresponsesinwhichthesetranscriptionfactorshaveakeyregulatoryfunction.Furthermorewereviewwhatiscurrentlyknownabouttheireffectsassociatedwithapoptosis.Cellular&MolecularImmunology.2004;1(5):343-350.

简介：<正>Asoneofthemostcharacterizedcytokines,interleukin3(IL-3)iswellknownforitssurvivaleffectonbothprogenitorsandmaturebloodcells.Althoughwiththeextensivestudies,thesignalingpathwaysandunderlyingmechanismleadingtosurvivalresponsesofIL-3stillarenotcompletelyunderstood.Recently,anapoptoticgeneticpathwayofC.eleganswassuggestedtobeevolutionallyconservedinthatcontrolsthecytokine-dependentanti-apoptoticresponsesinmammalianhematopoieticcelllineages.Amongthispathway,Ces-2isknowntobethefirstdeathspecificationgeneintheC.eleganspathwayandencodesabZIPfamilytranscriptionalfactorthatsharesthesameDNArecognitionsequencewithanoncoprotein,

简介：本文通过对理想点法进行分析，认为该法取不同的ｐ值代表决策者对不同目标的偏爱程度；但ｐ值过大模型求解比较困难，故实际应用时ｐ值取较大的值并不现实．为进一步突出决策人对不同目标的偏爱程度，作者对理想点法进行改进，引进了各目标的权重，提出了加权理想点法．与前者比较，它进一步突出了不同目标对决策结果的影响，使决策结果更符合决策者的愿望，便于在生产中实施．通过用该法对山西省千秋沟林场某经营类型进行收获调整，表明用该法进行森林收获调整，到调整期末龄级结构基本达到完全调整林状态，且可将决策者对不同目标的要求落实到合理水平上．

简介：Ｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｓｏｆｆｌｏｏｄｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ，ｃｏｎｖｅｙａｎｃｅｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔ，ａｎｄａｄｅｑｕａｔｅｕｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗａｔｅｒｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＬｏｗｅｒＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒ，ｔｈｅｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎｓｃｈｅｍｅｏｆｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｒｅｇｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｎｐｅｒｅｎｎｉａｌｂａｓｉｓｉｓｐｒｏｐｏｓｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｅＸｉａｏｌａｎｇｄｉＲｅｓｅｒｖｏｉ．Ｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔａｒｅｒｅｔａｉｎｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｅｒｖｉｏｒｉｎｎｏｒｍａｌａｎｄｌｏｗｗａｔｅｒｙｅａｒｓ，ｗｈｉｌｅｉｎｙｅａｒｓｗｉｔｈａｂｕｎｄａｎｃｅｏｆｗａｔｅｒ，ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｆｌｕｓｈｅｄｏｕｔｉｎｓｈｏｒｔｐｅｒｉｏｄｓｏｆｒｅｓｅｒｖｏｉｒｄｒａｗｄｏｗｎｔｏｆｏｒｍｈｙｐｅｒｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｄｆｌｏｏｄｓ．ＴｈｅｓｅｒｅｍｏｕｌｄｔｈｅｗｉｄｅｓｈａｌｌｏｗｒｅａｃｈａｂｏｖｅＧａｏｃｕｎｉｎｔｏａｎａｒｒｏｗｄｅｅｐｃｈａｎｎｅｌ，ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｗｈｉｃｈｔｈｅｓｅｄｉｍｅｎｔｍａｙｂｅｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｅｄａｌｌｔｈｅｗａｙｔｏｔｈｅｓｅａ．Ｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ?

简介：Swelling-activatedCl-currents,I(Cl,swell),weremeasuredduringhyposmoticshockinwhiteLeghornembryonicchickheartcellsusingthewhole-cellrecordingofpatch-clamptechnique.Genistein,aninhibitorofproteintyrosinekinase(PTK),suppressedI(Cl,swell).Underisosmoticconditionphorbol12-myristate13-acetate(PMA),anactivatorofPKC,elicitedtheCl-currentsimilartothatinhyposmoticsolution,whereashyposmoticshockdidnotelicitI(Cl,swell)inchelerythrinechloride(aninhibitorofPKC)-treatedcells.Con-focalmicroscopyexperimentsusingFITC-phalloidinasafluorescentlabelofF-actinshowedthattheactinnetworkwasmovedfromcorticalregionofthecelltothecenterafterhyposmoticshockascomparedwiththeimageunderisosmoticcondition.WhenthecellsweretreatedwithcytochalasinB(CB)orcytochalasinD(CD)underisosmoticconditionthedisruptionoftheF-actinintegritywasobserved,andI(Cl,swell)wasnotelicited.WithcombinationtreatmentofCBwithPMA,hyposmoticsolutioncouldnotelicitedI(Cl,swell).TheresultssuggestedthattheroleofPTK,probablyreceptortyrosinekinase,forregulationofI(Cl,swell)appearedtobeatupstreamsiterelatedtotheroleofF-actin.ThenPKCsignalpathwaywasactivatedsomehowandfinallychangeinthepolymerizationstateofcytoskeletonledtoactivatetheswelling-activatedCl-channels.TheseresultsdemonstrateclearlythatPTK,PKCandF-actinareimportantfactorsforreg-ulationofI(Cl,swell),inembryonicchickheartcellsascomparedwithoftencontroversialresultsreportedindifferentcelltypes.

简介：Anuranmetamorphosisinvolvessystematictransformationsofindividualorgansinathyroidhormone(TH)-dependentmanner.Morphologicalandcellularstudieshaveshownthattheremovaloflarvalorgans/tissuessuchthetailandthetadpoleintestinalepitheliumisthroughprogrammedcelldeathorapoptosis.RecentmolecularinvestigationssuggestthatTHregulatesmetamorphosisbyregulatingtargetgeneexpressionthroughthyroidhormonereceptors(TRs),whichareDNA-bindingtranscriptionfactors.CloningandcharacterizationofTHresponsegenesshowthatdiversegroupsofearlyresponsegenesareinducedbyTH.TheproductsoftheseTHresponsegenesarebelievedtodirectlyorindirectlyaffecttheexpressionand/orfunctionsofcelldeathgenes,whichareconservedatbothsequenceandfunctionlevelsindifferentanimalspecies.Amajorchallengeforfutureresearchliesatdeterminingthesignalingpathwaysleadingtotheactivationofapoptoticprocessesandwhetherdifferentdeathgenesareinvolvedintheregulationofapoptosisindifferenttissues/organstoeffecttissue-specifictransformations.

简介：In2005,Shanghai,amegacitywithapopulationof16million,willmapoutitsfirstregulationonHIV/AIDSpreventionandcontroltoprotectthelegalrightsofHIV/AIDScarders.

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简介：有线性反馈规定的一个非自治的耽搁的逻辑模型在这篇论文被建议。足够的条件为存在，唯一和模型的积极周期的答案的globalasymptotic稳定性被导出。

简介：Peptidenucleicacids(PNAs)aresyntheticoligonucleotideswithchemicallymodifiedbackbones.PNAscanbindtobothDNAandRNAtargetsinasequence-specificmannertoformPNA/DNAandPNA/RNAduplexstructures.Whenboundtodouble-strandedDNA(dsDNA)targets,thePNAmoleculereplacesoneDNAstrandintheduplexbystrandinvasiontoformaPNA/DNA/PNA[or(PNA)2/DNA]triplexstructureandthedisplacedDNAstrandexistsasasinglestrandedD-loop.PNAhasbeenusedinmanystudiesasresearchtoolsforgeneregulationandgenetargeting.TheDloopsgeneratedfromthePNAbindinghavealsobeendemonstratedforitspotentialininitiatingtranscriptionandinducinggeneexpression.PNAprovidesapowerfultooltostudythemechanismoftranscriptionandaninnovativestrategytoregulatetargetgeneexpression.AnunderstandingofthePNA-mediatedgeneregulationwillhaveimportantclinicalimplicationsintreatmentofmanyhumandiseasesincludinggenetic,cancerous,andage-relateddiseases.