简介：在使用正在增加兴趣亢奋光谱为植被在的量的描述的数据空间；时间的范围。许多光谱索引正在被开发由最小化背景影响改进植被敏感。叶绿素吸收连续统索引(CACI)是如此的一项措施计算光谱分析在上基于马槽的区域的连续统跨越了由光谱连续统。然而，因为连续统的不同位置被不同用户决定，CACI的不同价值在这个方法被获得。而且，因为当红边在GLCD与变化变了时，连续统的固定位置是坚定的，到象绿叶叶绿素密度(GLCD)那样的农学的参数的CACI的敏感被减少了。一个修改叶绿素吸收连续统索引(MCACI)在这篇文章被介绍。红边变化点(REIP)代替最大的反射点(MRP)在在红外线附近(NIR)在CACI连续统上承担。这MCACI被证明了增加敏感；GLCD的预兆的力量。

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简介：在叶绿素的空间分布上学习水道学的因素的效果一(Chl一)，调查在热带东方印度洋被执行(80栠杩敨瑳瘠污敵?瑡删来潩?我

简介：基于在里面situ在中国的Bohai海的光大小，属于一个典型case-2水区域，我们学习了象它的空间分发那样的DCM(深叶绿素最大值)的特征，垂直侧面，等等。我们发现当叶绿素最大值的深度是比较地小的时，甚至在混浊的沿海的水区域，总是在蓝绿色的光谱带在叶绿素最大值和收到thesatellite的信号的集中之间有好关联；关联在表面叶绿素集中和收到卫星的信号之间比那甚至好。如果在中国的Bohai海的叶绿素集中的竖直分布的全面知识是可得到的，甚至在混浊的沿海的水区域存在的强壮的关联显示检索DCM的集中的一张海洋分涂参考图能为沿海的水被构造。

简介：Thechlorophyll-aconcentrationisgenerallyoverestimatedforthesouthemChinacoastalwatersifthedefaultalgorithmoftheSeaDASisemployed.Analgorithmisdevelopedforretrievalofchlorophyll-aconcentrationintheZhujiangEstuary,GuangdongProvince,China,byusingsimulatedreflectancedata.ThesimulatedreflectanceiscalculatedcorrespondingtotheSeaWiFSwavelengthbands,viaageneralmodelbyinputtingmeasuredwatercomponents,I.e.,thesuspendedsediment,chlorophyll-a,andyellowsubstance(DOC)concentrationdataof130samples.Empiricalrelationshipsofthechlorophyll-aconcentrationto240differentbandcombinationsareinvestigatedbasedonthesimulatedreflectancedata,andthebandcombination,R5R6/R3R4,isfoundtobetheoptimumoneforthedevelopmentofanalgorithmvalidfortheZhujiangEstuary.Thisalgorithmisthenemployedtodeterminethechlorophyll-aconcentrationfromSeaWiFSdata.TheestimatedconcentrationshaveabetteraccuracythanthoseobtainedfromtheSeaDASdefaultalgorithmwhencomnparedwithseatruthdata.Thenewalgorithmisdemonstratedtoworkwellandisusedtoderiveaseriesofimagemapsofthechlorophyll-aconcentrationdistributionfortheZhujiangEstuaryandadjacentcoastalareas.

简介：在米饭的Phytochromes被由三个成员，PHYA，PHYB，和PHYC组成的一个基因家庭编码。通过以photomorphogenesis描绘phytochrome异种和野类型(WT)，单个phytochromes的角色preliminarily在调整米饭de青白化，flowering时间和富饶被探索了。然而，很少信息都没关于是否或怎么被报导phytochromes在米饭影响叶绿素生合成和叶绿体开发。在这研究，我们比较了野类型和phyA的叶绿素内容，在任何一个白人光(WL)下面成年或红的phyB和phyAphyB异种点亮(R)。结果建议phyB察觉R断然调整叶绿素生合成，当phyA的角色能仅仅在phyB缺乏的异种被检测时。涉及叶绿素生合成的基因的表示层次的分析表明phytochromes由调整protochlorophylloxidoreductaseA(PORA)影响了叶绿素生合成表示。在叶绿体开发的phyB的角色也被分析，并且结果建议phyB察觉R由影响叶绿体和grana的数字调整叶绿体开发，以及叶绿体膜系统。

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简介：InvestigationsofchlorophyllaandprimaryproductivitywerecarriedoutintheBeringSeaalongtheBRlineandtheBSlineduringtheSecondChineseNationalArcticResearchExpeditioninthesummerof2003.Theresultsshowedthatthesurfacechlorophyllaconcentrationswere0.199～1.170μg/dm3,andtheaveragevaluewas0.723μg/dm3ontheBRline.FortheBSline,thesurfacechlorophyllaconcentrationswere0.519～4.644μg/dm3(average1.605μg/dm3)and0.568～14.968μg/dm3(average5.311μg/dm3)duringtheearlyandlatesummer,respectively.Theaveragevalueinthelatesummerwasmuchhigherthanthatintheearlysummer.Thehighvalues(morethan4.0μg/dm3)occurredatstationsoftheBSlineinthesouthernBeringStrait.Thechlorophyllaconcentrationsinthesubsurfacelayerwerehigherthanthoseinthesurfacelayer.Theresultsofthesize-fractionatedchlorophyllashowedthatthecontributionofthepicoplanktontototalchlorophyllawasthepredominanceattheearlysummerandthecontributionofthenetplanktonwasthepredominanceatthelatesummer.Thecarbonpotentialprimaryproductivitiesvariedbetween0.471and1.147mg/(m3·h)ontheBRline,withaverageratesof0.728mg/(m3·h).TheprimaryproductivitiesontheBSlineweremuchhigherthanthoseoftheBRline,rangingfrom1.227mg/(m3·h)attheearlysummerto19.046mg/(m3·h)atthelatesummer.Theresultsof1.147mg/(m3·h)ontheBRline,withaverageratesof0.728mg/(m3·h).TheprimaryproductivitiesontheBSlineweremuchhigherthanthoseoftheBRline,rangingfrom1.227mg/(m3·h)attheearlysummerto19.046mg/(m3·h)atthelatesummer.Theresultsofthesize-fractionatedprimaryproductivityshowedthatthecontributionofthenanoplanktontototalproductivitywasthepredominanceattheearlysummerandthecontributionofthenetplanktonwaspredominanceatthelatesummer.Theassimilationnumberofphotosynthesiswas0.45～2.80mg/(mg·h)inthesurveyedstations.

简介：在到环境变化的全球碳周期和它的反应理解海洋角色要求观察的高时间空间的分辨率。从多重来源合并海洋颜色数据是减轻单个海洋颜色传感器的限制的一个有效方法(例如，一行宽度和差距，多云或多雨的天气，和阳光闪烁)并且改进时间、空间的范围。自从看海的宽Field-of-View传感器(SeaWiFS)和在2010年12月11日结束的媒介光谱的分辨率成像分光计(MERIS)和2012年5月9日的使命，分别地，可得到的海洋颜色传感器的数字衰退了，关于空间、时间的范围减少合并海洋颜色数据的好处。在现在的工作，中等分辨率光谱中国的成像器(MERSI)/FY-3在处理合并和全球海洋叶绿素的新数据集被增加一(Chl一)集中(2000-2015)从遥感反射被产生(MERIS的Rrs())观察，中等决定的成像光谱辐射计(MODIS)-AQUA,可见红外线的成像辐射计(VIIRS)和MERSI。这些数据资源首先被合成一个集中数据是的统一遥感反射数据，然后Chl用联合Chl的inversed颜色的一个算法基于索引的算法(中央情报局)和OC3。合并数据产品从MERSI的增加在空间、时间的范围显示出主要改进。当MERSI数据在合并过程被增加时，合并产品的平均每日的范围在约9%是约24%全球海洋和增加。采样频率(时间的范围)被联合MERSI数据极大地改进，与到29.9%的从15.6%增加的中部的采样频率(57d／a)(109d／a)。合并Chl一产品此处被验证由在situ大小并且除了省略MERSI和GlobColour和措施用一样的途径把他们与合并产品作比较合并了数据。在新合并Chl之间的关联和相对错误一产品并且没有MERSI的增加，在situ，观察相对合并产品的结果是稳定的。Chl的时间系列集中没有增加MERSI和单个传感器，异例类似于合并产品。新合并产品从GlobColour和措施在约10%合并Chl以内同意一个产品。

简介：我们演示兆兆赫时间域光谱学的应用程序区分guanidine水疗院氯化物的处理导致的叶绿素蛋白质CP43和CP47的符合构造变化，轻照耀并且加热。THz传播光谱学能被用于监视蛋白质变性作用并且以一个可行、有效的方法联系符合构造变化过程，这被显示。

简介：TheSouthChinaSea(SCS)andtheArabianSea(AS)arebothlocatedroughlyinthenorthtropicalzonewitharangeofsimilarlatitude(0°–24°N).Monsoonwindsplaysimilarrolesintheupperoceaniccirculationsofthebothseas.Butthedistinctpatternsofchlorophylla(Chla)concentrationareobservedbetweentheSCSandtheAS.TheChlaconcentrationintheSCSisgenerallylowerthanthatintheASinsummer(June–August);thesummerChlaconcentrationintheASshowsstrongerinterannualvariation,comparedwiththatintheSCS;Moderateresolutionimagingspectroradiometer(MODIS)-deriveddatapresenthigheratmosphericaerosoldepositionandstrongerwindspeedintheAS.Andithasalsobeenfoundthatgoodcorrelationsexistbetweentheindexofthedustprecipitationindicatedbyaerosolopticalthickness(AOT)andtheChlaconcentration,orbetweenwindandChlaconcentration.TheseimplythatthewindandthedustprecipitationbringmorenutrientsintotheASfromthesky,thesub-layerorcoastregions,inducinghigherChlaconcentration.TheresultsindicatethatthewindvelocityandthedustprecipitationcanplayimportantrolesintheChlaconcentrationfortheASandtheSCSinsummer.HoweveraerosolimpactisweakonthebiologicalproductivityinthewestSCSandwind-inducedupwellingisthemainsource.

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简介：Laminariajaponica,Undariapinnatifida,Ulvalactuca,GrateloupiaturuturuandPalmariapalmataaresuitablespeciesthatfittherequirementsofaseaweed-animalintegratedaquaculturesystemintermsoftheirviablebiomass,rapidgrowthandpromisingnutrientuptakerates.Inthisinvestigation,theresponsesoftheoptimalchlorophyllfluorescenceyieldofthefivealgalspeciesintumbleculturewereassessedatatemperaturerangeof10~30℃.TheresultsrevealedthatUlvalactucawasthemostresistantspeciestohightemperature,withstanding30℃for4hwithoutapparentdeclineintheoptimalchlorophyllfluorescenceyield.WhilethearcticalgaPalmariapalmatawasthemostvulnerableone,showingsignificantdeclineintheoptimalchlorophyllfluorescenceyieldat25℃for2h.Thecold-waterspeciesLaminariajaponica,however,demonstratedstrongabilitytocopewithhighertemperature(24~26℃)forshortertime(within24h)withoutsignificantdeclineintheoptimalchlorophyllfluorescenceyield.Grateloupiaturuturushowedageneraldecreaseintheoptimalchlorophyllfluorescenceyieldwiththerisingtemperaturefrom23to30℃,similartothetemperatekelpUndariapinnatifida.Changesofchlorophyllfluorescenceyieldsofthesealgaewerecharacterizeddifferentlyindicatingtheexistenceofspecies-uniquestrategytocopewithhighlight.Measurementsoftheoptimalchlorophyllfluorescenceyieldaftershortexposuretodirectsolarirradiancerevealedhowlongtheseexposurescouldbewithoutsignificantphotoinhibitionorwithpromisingrecoveryinphotosyntheticactivities.SeasonalpatternofalternationofalgalspeciesintankcultureintheNorthernHemisphereatthelatitudeof36°Nwasproposedaccordingtothesebasicmeasurements.

简介：Tocomparetheeffectsofslow-releasenitrogenfertilizeratsixdifferentlevelsontheflagleafchlorophyllfluorescencecharacteristicsofsuperhybridrice,afieldfertilizationexperimentwasconductedwithsuperhybridriceYLiangyou1asatestmaterial.Thephotosyntheticelectrontransportrate(ETR),effectivequantumyield(EQY),photochemicalquenchingcoefficient(qP),andnon-photochemicalquenchingcoefficient(NPQ)offlagleavesweremeasuredattheinitialheading,fullheading,10dafterfullheadingand20dafterfullheadingstages.ResultsshowedthatthevaluesofETR,EQYandqPincreasedwithricedevelopmentfrominitialheadingto20dafterfullheading,whereastheNPQdecreased.Duringthemeasuredstages,ETR,EQYandqPincreasedinitiallyandthendecreasedasnitrogenapplicationamountincreased,buttheypeakedatdifferentnitrogenfertilizerlevels.ThemaximumETRandEQYvaluesappearedatthetreatmentof135kg/hm2N.Inconclusion,theoptimumnitrogenamountforchlorophyllfluorescencecharacteristicsofsuperhybridricewas135180kg/hm2.

简介：Acold-tolerantcultivar,Xiangnuo1,andacold-sensitivecultivar,IR50,wereusedtostudytheinfluenceofchillingonphotosyntheticrateandchlorophyllfluorescenceparametersinriceseedlings.Thephotosyntheticratesdeclineddramaticallyduringchilling,anddecreasedby48.7%and67.5%inXiangnuo1andIR50seedlings,respectively,afterbeingsubjectedtochillingtreatmentfortwodays.ChlorophyllfluorescencemeasurementsshowedthatrelativelyhigherqPandqNPinXiangnuo1weremaintainedtodissipatetheredundantexcitationenergyandprotectthereactioncentersfromchillinjury;accordingly,redundantexcitationenergyaccumulatedlessinthereactioncenters,andantennasystemswerelessinjuredbychillinginXiangnuo1.Onthecontrary,inIR50,qPandqNPdeclinedrapidlywhileExincreased,asthechillingpersisted.ThisresultindicatedthatthereactioncentersandantennasystemsinIR50weredamagedseverelybychilling,whichledtothelowerphotosyntheticrate.

简介：坚持说高大米让步并且改进化肥氮(N)使用效率的需要在基于叶的颜色管理化肥N造成了象叶颜色图表(LCC)和叶绿素米(SPAD米)那样的工具的使用。地实验在Ludhiana在2011～2013期间被进行，为基础N申请估计需要并且建立批评阀值的印度为在干燥直接种子的大米(DDSR)为化肥N的在里面季节管理提出策略由LCC和SPAD米测量了的叶新鲜珍视。在播种避免N的申请不利地没影响米饭谷物产量，显示在DDSR的基础N申请不是必要的并且可能导致减少的N使用效率。在DDSR的成长季节期间监视N举起率建议那N举起率在二个生长阶段达到顶点：最大的tillering(在播种以后的42～56天(DAS))和圆锥花序开始阶段(70～84DAS)。用佳肴肩下握颈过程，为化肥N申请的批评LCC和SPAD米价值锻炼身体分别地是4和37。实时化肥N管理策略基于使用30kgN哈−1每当SPAD米或LCC读物下面掉落了时，批评价值比在这个区域为化肥N由后面的综合建议观察了的坚持说最佳米饭与更高的N使用效率一起让步。改正时间可变剂量的策略由使用20kgN的规定剂量组成了哈在14DAS和30kgN的−1哈在28DAS和30，40或50kgN的校正剂量的−1哈在取决于LCC色泽是≥的49和70DAS的−14，4–3.5，或<3.5并且是≥的SPAD米读物40，40–35，或<35分别地。这策略也作为与综合建议相比与更高的N使用效率一起导致了最佳的米饭产量。这研究表明在DDSR，化肥N能比当前的综合建议用LCC和SPAD米的工具更高效地被管理。

简介：NutrientandChlorophyll-a(Chl-a)concentrationswereinvestigatedmonthlyalongthreetransectsextendingfromamaricultureareatoopenwatersaroundtheZhangziIslandareafromJulytoDecember2009.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoillustratefoodavailabilitytothebottom-sowedscallopPatinopectenyessoensisundertheinfluencesoftheYellowSeaColdWaterMass(YSCWM),freshwaterinputandfeedbacksofcultivatedscallops.SignificantthermalstratificationwaspresentinopenwatersfromJulytoOctober,andsalinitydecreasedinJulyandAugustinsurfacelayersinthemariculturearea.Nutrientconcentrationsincreasedwithdepthinbothareasinsummer,butweresimilarthroughwatercolumninNovemberandDecember.Onaverage,nutrientincreasedfromsummertoautumninallcomponentsexceptammonia.Nutrientconcentrationslowerthantheminimumthresholdsforphytoplanktongrowthwerepresentonlyinupperlayersinsummer,butstoichiometricnitrogenlimitationexistedintheentireinvestigationperiod.Column-averagedChl-aconcentrationwaslowerinopenwatersthaninmaricultureareainallmonths.ItincreasedsignificantlyinmaricultureareainAugustandOctober,andwaslessvariableinopenwaters.OurresultsshowthatnutrientslimitationtophytoplanktongrowthispresentmainlyinupperlayerinassociationwithstratificationcausedbyYSCWMinsummer.FreshwaterinputandupwellingofnutrientsaccumulatedinYSCWMcanstimulatephytoplanktonproductioninmariculturearea.FarmingactivitiesmaychangestoichiometricnutrientratiosbuthavelessinfluenceonChl-aconcentration.

简介：Pinusdensifloravar。zhangwuensis变得快，并且它的干旱和咸度抵抗比Pinussylvestrisvar好。mongolica。我们比较了在二种之间的冷强壮的冷强壮和机制，到为支持并且适用P提供一个理论基础。densifloravar。在冷区域的zhangwuensis。一个冷压力实验在P的3岁的小植物上被执行。densifloravar。zhangwuensis和P。sylvestrisvar。在在五温度政体变硬以后的mongolica，5，10，20，40，并且60?瑩??欠灡慰愠??杭洿????猯灵￣桳睯摥愠猠浩汩牡椠据敲獡?湩栠楥桧?畢?楤灳慬敹??楨桧牥椠据敲獡摥椠?潴慴?档潬潲桰汹?愠瑣癩瑩敩?景爠'T獩潣???湡??呓?湡?敬敶?景??愠摮?????猯'T￣桴湡琠潨敳琠敲瑡摥眠瑩??欠灡慰愠??杭洿????猯灵？

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