简介:列夫·托尔斯泰是俄国十九世纪最伟大的批判现实主义作家.他以自己一系列文学杰作反映了俄国十九世纪后半期的历史进程和社会思潮.对人类文化的发展作出了巨大的贡献.托尔斯泰擅于进行深刻细腻的心理刻划,车尔尼雪夫斯基称之为“心灵的辩证法”,这就是他长于表现连续的、充满复杂矛盾的心理过程本身.在托氏的作品中有一系列进行精神探索,主张“道德上自我完善”的主人公,即所谓“托尔斯泰男主人公”.这些主人公都带有作家本人的思想和政治活动的痕迹,好像作家的影子,这些身世各异的主人公都有一个基本相同的世界观——基督教人道主义,而且他们构成了一根思想的链条,连续地较为完整地反映了作家本人进行思想探索的全过程.因此,分析一下这些主人公的思想内涵有助于我们了解托尔斯泰创作思想逐渐形成的过程,并从中看到作家那种“追根究底”探索人生出路的良苦用心.反之,亦可从这些人物的精神境界中,摸索托尔斯泰创作思想的全部力量和全部实质.十九世纪五十年代发表的自传体三部曲(《幼年》、《少年》、《青年》)体现了作家的心理类型和作家早期的思想探索,主人公贵族少爷尼古连柯一方
简介:the old man refused because it was the boy,2.Grace under the second layer of pressure The old man was in his adversity and the boy had got good fishes after he left the old man. Santiago didn’t feel jealous but happy for him.When talking with the boy who was not willing to leave,and he felt it was quite norma1.though he would be lonely without the boy. W hen the boy asked if he could offer the old man a beer on the terrace and then took the stuff home
简介:grace under the three layers of pressure 1.Grace under the first layer of pressure As the novel begins,but it happened to the boy who had got nothing with the old man for forty days and exactly when he left the old man for one week.This made other fishermen believed that the old man was really unlucky enough,I.The three layers of pressure The success of The old man and the sea lies most in its perfect display-- the grace under pressure.which is a very important quality of Santiago. The quality is composed of two dements