简介:基于广义Stackelberg寡头垄断市场,研究企业横向兼并的获利性和社会福利问题。结果表明,一个领头企业与一个跟随企业之间总是存在兼并动机,而领头企业之间很少存在兼并动机;当边际生产成本的差异程度较大时,两个跟随企业之间总是存在兼并动机;兼并导致的企业利润增加是以社会福利下降为代价的。
简介:Stackelbergdifferentialgamemodelshavebeenusedtostudysequentialdecisionmakinginnoncooperativegamesindiversefields.Inthispaper,wesurveyrecentapplicationsofStackelbergdifferentialgamemodelstothesupplychainmanagementandmarketingchannelsliteratures.Acommonfeatureoftheseapplicationsisthespecificationofthegamestructure:adecentralizedchannelcomposedofamanufacturerandindependentretailers,andasequentialdecisionprocedurewithdemandandsupplydynamicsandcoordinationissues.Insupplychainmanagement,Stackelbergdifferentialgameshavebeenusedtoinvestigateinventoryissues,wholesaleandretailpricingstrategies,andoutsourcingindynamicenvironments.Theunderlyingdemandtypicallyhasgrowthdynamicsorseasonalvariation.Inmarketing,Stackelbergdifferentialgameshavebeenusedtomodelcooperativeadvertisingprograms,storebrandandnationalbrandadvertisingstrategies,shelfspaceallocation,andpricingandadvertisingdecisions.Thedemanddynamicsareusuallyextensionsoftheclassicaladvertisingcapitalmodelsorsales-advertisingresponsemodels.WebeginbyexplainingtheStackelbergdifferentialgamesolutionmethodologyandthenprovideadescriptionofthemodelsandresultsreportedintheliterature.
简介:Erratumto:JSystSciSystEngDOI:10.1007/s11518-007-5058-2ThepresentationofTable2intheoriginalversionofthisarticlecontainedafewtypos.ThecorrectedTable2isgivenbelow.
简介:Currentliteraturesassumethataconsumer’swillingtopay(WTP)forabundleisequaltothesumofhisorherseparatereservationpricesforthecomponentgoodsandconcludesthatmixedbundlingissuperiortopurecomponentsinamonopolymarket.However,fullmixedbundlingisadiscountconductinordertoattractmoreconsumers,andthepriceofthebundlemustbelowerthanthesumofthepricesoftwoproducts,whichmustbeconsideredinaconsumers’WTPforthebundle.Then,ifconsumers’reservationpricesareheterogeneousandsubjecttotheuniformdistribution,wecandrawoppositeconclusions:FullmixedbundlingisdisadvantageoustofirmswhenStackelbergpricing.Theprofitunderfullmixedbundlingislessthanthatunderpurecomponents.
简介:本文通过构建政策性农业巨灾保险市场博弈模型,将保险赔付、政府监管、购险补助和灾后救助纳入模型讨论范围,在法律规范和连续经营约束下形成了多跟随者的stackelberg博弈问题。以保险公司和消费者交替决策的迭代算法为基础,结合遗传算法对模型进行市场模拟与分析求解。结果显示:在当前条件下,由于有效风险分散体系的缺失导致了农业巨灾保险供需的错位;购险补贴、巨灾救助和保险监管存在相互制肘和政策套利的可能。适度降低购险补贴比例,提高灾后救助标准,加强监管力度能够更好地促使农业巨灾保险对现有保险体系形成良好的补充。
简介:考虑一个受控制的交通网络,一类用户属于领导者,按照系统最优原则选择出行路径;另一类用户属于跟随者且具有不完全信息,按照Logit型随机用户平衡原则选择出行路径.建立了描述这种Stackelberg博弈下的混合平衡出行行为的变分不等式模型,给出了满足此种混合平衡的交通网络的效率损失上界,结果表明,效率损失上界与被研究的交通网络拓扑结构,交通需求及控制系数有关.
简介:设D是无平方因子正整数.本文证明了:方程x!=D=y2仅有有限多组正整数解(x,y),而且这些解都满足x<2D.