简介：ThewealthofDNAdatageneratedbythehumangenomeprojectcouplingwithrecentlyinventedhigh-throughputgeneexpressionprofilingtechniqueshasdramaticallyspeduptheprocessforbiomedicalresearchersonelucidatingtheroleofgenesinhumandiseases.Onepowerfulmethodtorevealinsightintogenefunctionsisthesystematicanalysisofgeneexpression.Twopopularhigh-throughputgeneexpressiontechnologies,microarrayandSerialAnalysisofGeneExpression(SAGE)arecapableofproducinglargeamountsofgeneexpressiondatawiththepotentialofprovidingnovelinsightsintofundamentaldiseaseprocesses,especiallycomplexsyndromessuchascardiovasculardisease,whoseetiologiesareduetomultiplegeneticfactorsandtheirinterplaywiththeenvironment.MicroarrayandSAGEhavealreadybeenusedtoexaminegeneexpressionpatternsofcell-culture,animalandhumantissuesmodelsofcardiovasculardiseases.Inthisreview,wewillfirstgiveabriefintroductionofmicroarrayandSAGEtechnologiesandpointouttheirlimitations.Wewillthendiscussthemajordiscoveriesandthenewbiologicalinsightsthathaveemergedfromtheirapplicationstocardiovasculardiseases.Finallywewilltouchuponpotentialchallengesandfuturedevelopmentsinthisarea.

简介：RNaseMRPRNA是处理的RNasemitochondrialRNA(MRP)的RNA子单元涉及处理事件的多重细胞的RNA的酶建筑群。RNaseMRPRNA基因(RMRP)上的变化引起后退地继承的发展混乱，软骨头发发育不全(CHH)。遗传型(RMRP变化)的关系，RNaseMRPcomplex的RNA处理缺乏，和CHH和另外的骨胳的发育异常的显型还有待于被探索。

简介：<正>Immunologicaltolerancetoselfisessentialformaintainingtheintegrityoftheorgansystems,anditsbreakdownmayleadtothedevelopmentofautoimmunediseases.Tolerancetoselfismaintainedthroughseveralmechanisms,whichincludenegativeselection,functionalinactivation(anergy)andsuppressionofautoreactivelymphocytes.However,onlynegativeselectionpermanentlyremovesautoreactivecellsthroughapoptosis.WhileithaslongbeenknownthatnegativeselectionrequiresaTcellreceptor(TCR)signal,itisunclearwhetheradeathligandsignalisalsoinvolved.TRAIL,thetumornecrosisfactor(TNF)-relatedapoptosis-inducingligand,isanewlydescribedmemberoftheTNFfamily.Unlikeotherdeathligandsof

简介：Monoclonal(mAb)成功地被用于长期的疾病的治疗，例如癌症，发炎和有免疫力的疾病。与在抗体工程的技术进展，当有减少的immunogenicity的高亲密关系治疗学在聚光灯下面变得，小重组体抗体的开发碎裂。设计重组体抗体碎片的一种流行格式是单个链的改正变量(scFv)分子，父母抗体的VH和VL区域被一个多肽连接器一起在连接。scFv碎片保留目标特性和未经触动的抗体，和罐头的抗原绑定亲密关系被在房间从单个cDNA表示VH和VL区域的宫外的联盟者遗传上在大数量设计并且生产。由于它的更小的尺寸，scFv分子表演在肿瘤穿入改进了pharmacokinetics并且被主人免疫系统更好容忍。