简介：Cu,Zn,PbandHgrunofffroyellowlimestonesoilandpurplesoilsandthereltaionshipsbetewwnthemobilityoftheheavymetalsandthesoilcharactheristicswerestudiedinlaboratoryusingarainfallsimulator.TheresultsshowedthattheconcentrationsofsolubleZninsurfacerunoffweresignifcantlynegaivelycorrelatedwiththecontentsof<0.002mmparticlesndCECofthesoils,indicatingthatZnwasmostlyadsorbedbyclaysinthesoils.THecontentsofCuandHginsurfacerunoffwerepositivelyrelatedtotheircontentsinthesoils.TheamountsofCu,Zn,Pb,andHgRemovedbysurfacerunoffwereinfluencedbytheamountsofsoilandwaterlossesandtheircontentsinthesoilsandwerecloselyrelatedtothecontentsofsoilparticles1-0.02mminsize.

简介：TheeffectsofcombinedheavymetalpollutionofredsoilonthegrowthofwetlandriceandthetransferofPb,Cd,CuandZnfromsoilintoplantsweresudiedbygreenhousepotexperiment,Theresultsshowedthattheplantyieldsweremarkedlyaffectedbyheavymetals,withtheexceptionofPb,insoilsundertheexperimentalconditions,withouttakingintoconsiderationalltheinteractionsamongtheelements.Theconcentrationsoftheelemetsinplantsweremainlyaffectedbythespecificelementaddedtothesoil.Theeffectofinteractionsamongtheheavymetalswasverysignificanteitheronplantyieldsorontheconcentrationoftheelementsinplants.Theriskassessmentofacombinedpollutionbyheavymetalsinthesoilisdiscussedpreliminarilyintermsoftherelativepollutionequivalent.

简介：Toanalyzetheeffectofmetaloxideonelectricalresistivityofconductivewoodcharcoal,woodpowderofMassonpinewasmixedwithferricoxide(Fe_2O_3)andnickeloxide(NiO),respectively,andthenthemixedpowderswerecarbonizedathightemperatureinalaboratory-scaletubefurnaceinanitrogenatmosphere.DCY-3resistivitytesterwasusedtomeasureelectricalresistivityofconductivewoodcharcoal.Whencarbonizationtemperaturewas1200℃,theelectricalresistivityofcontrolsamples,Fe_2O_3(...

简介：Threeextractionmethods,ultrasonicassistedextraction(USE),microwaveassistedextraction(MSE),andconventionalsingleextraction(CSE),inconjunctionwiththemodifiedthree-stageBCRsequentialextractionprocedure(SEP)wereappliedtoexaminethecontentsofCd,Cu,Cr,Ni,PbandZnfromlakesedimentsamples,toknowwhetherthesetechniquescanreduceextractiontimeandimprovereproducibility.TheSEPanddevelopedalternativesingleextrac-tionmethodswerevalidatedbytheanalysisofcertifiedreferencematerialBCR601.Bytheuseofoptimizedsonicationandmicrowaveconditions,steps1,2and3oftheBCRsequentialextractionmethods(excludingthehydrogenperoxidedigestioninstep3,whichwasnotperformedwithsonicationandmicrowave)couldbecompletedin15-30minand60-150s,respectively.TherecoveriesoftotalextractablemetalcontentsinBCR601,obtainedbythreesingleextractionsrangedfrom93.3%-102%,88.9%-104%and81.2%-96.2%forCSE,USEandMSE,respectively.Theprecisionofthesingleextractionmethodswasfoundintherangeof3.7%-9.4%forallmetals(n=6).

简介：因为快速的都市化和工业化，在仙子城市的区域的蔬菜地在中国收到大量体外的重金属。在30的Cu，Zn，和Pb的集中玷污样品和32件蔬菜样品，在中国的南部的江苏省从30个不同地点收集了，被测量，他们到蔬菜的从土壤的转移被决定。结果证明土壤样品有pH的宽范围(4.257.85)并且电的电导率(EC)(0.243.42dSm?1)。在土壤样品之中，有四件土壤样品和比那些在中国土壤指定环境优秀标准II包含更高的Zn集中的二件土壤样品，包含更高的Cu。然而，没有蔬菜样品被发现包含Cu或Zn的高水平。相反，一件蔬菜样品包含了0.243mgPbkg?1FW，在中国食物卫生标准上面，而相应土壤Pb集中比汉语低，玷污环境优秀标准II。所有蔬菜样品的Cu的转移系数超过了建议系数范围，暗示体外的Cu有到蔬菜的高活动性和简历可获得性。在可引出的土壤之间没有重要关联有四种提炼之物和土壤pH的重金属集中，EC，在蔬菜和土壤的重金属集中除了土壤pH与1.0摩尔L与可引出的土壤Cu，Zn，和Pb集中相关很好之外?1NH4NO3。而且，diethylenetriaminepentaacetic酸(DTPA)抽取方法比另外的三个方法使用是从土壤pH和EC的土壤独立人士提取重金属的一个更有效的方法。

简介：

简介：Inapreviousgreenhouseexperiment,weshowedthattherewasaninteractionbetweencuandZn,whichaffectedgrowthandmetaluptakebyyoungbarleyplantsgrownonsoiltowhichCd,Cu,Pb,andZnhadbeenadded.Wesuggestedthattheunderlyingmechanismwasthecontroloftheamountofplant-availableZnbycompetitiveadsorptionbetweenCuandZn,Inordertotestthishypothesis,theadsorptionofZnalone,andinthepresenceofaddedCd,CuandPb,hasbeenmeasuredusingthesamesoil.Followingadsorption,theextractabilityoftheZninCaCl2solutionwasmeasured.TheadsorptionisothermsshowedthatoftheaddedmetalsonlyCuhadalargeeffectonZnadsorption.TheeffectofCuwastoreduceZnadsoptionandtoincreasetheamountofCaCl2-extractable(i.e.plant-available)Zn,inagreementwiththeconclusionsfromthegreenhouseexperiment.ThemagnitudeoftheeffectofCuonplant-avalilableZnwassimilarinbothexperiments.

简介：Interactionsofthreeheavymetalions,Cu2+,Cd2+,andPb2+,and,forcomparison,Na+withelectrodialyticclayfractions(lessthan2μmindiameter)offourpaddysoilsaswellasayellow-brownsoilasacontrolsoilwereevaluatedbasedonmeasurementsoftheWieneffectindilutesuspensionswithaclayconcentrationof10gkg-1infournitratesolutionsof2×10-4/zmolL-1,wherezisthecationvalence,andanitricacidsolutionof3×10-5molL-1.Fieldstrengthsrangingfrom15to230kVcm-1wereappliedformeasuringtheelectricalconductivities(ECs)ofthesuspensions.Themeanfreebindingenergiesbetweenthevariouscationsandallofthesoilsdeterminedfromexchangeequilibriumincreasedintheorder:Na+Cu2+>Cd2+>Pb2+foralltestedsoils.AcharacteristicparameteroftheREC-fieldstrengthcurves,△REG200,REGatafieldstrengthof200kVcm-1minusthatatthelocalminimumoftheconcavesegmentoftheREC-fieldstrengthcurves,characterizedthestrengthofadsorptionofthecationsstrippedoffbytheappliedstrongelectricalfield,andforallsoilsthevaluesof△REC200weregenerallyintheorder:Na+

简介：TheabsorptionandenrichmentofheavymetalelementsbyleavesofPopulus×euramericanacv.’Neva’wereanalyzedthroughcontentassessingofheavymetalelementsinsoilsofthreeforestlandsatFangshanDistrictinthesouthernsuburbofBeijing.TheseforestlandswithP.×euramericanacv.’Neva’plantationwerearoundwiththevarioussourcesofpollutionsuchascementmill,stonemill,sewageandgarbage.SomeofheavymetalelementssuchasCd,Pb,Cu,andZnwerefoundinthesoilsamplesandleavesofP.×euramericanacv.’Neva’grownonthethreeforestlandswhichwereinvestigated.TheresultsofinvestigationshowedthatthesoilsofthreeforestlandswerepollutedwithPb,Cd,CuandZninvaryingdegrees.ThecontentsofPb,CuandZninsoilsweresignificantlydifferentamongthethreeforestlands,whereastheaveragecontentofCd(0.0776mg·kg-1)waslessbutthatofPb,Cu,andZn(37.61,26.25and90.3mg·kg-1)weremorethantheaveragebackgroundvalueofBeijing.ThecontentsofPb,Cd,CuandZninleavesofP.×euramericanacv.’Neva’weredifferentamongthreeforestlands.Withthechangesofheavymetalcontentsinsoilsamples,therewasnoregularityonthechangesofdifferentheavymetalcontentsinleavesofP.×euramericanacv.’Neva’grownondifferentforestland.P.×euramericanacv.’Neva’canabsorbandaccumulatePb,Cd,CuandZninsoilbutshoweddifferentcapacitiesofabsorptionandaccumulationwiththeorderofCd>Zn>Cu>Pb.Especially,itsabsorptionandaccumulationcapacityforCdwasstrongwithmaximumenrichmentfactorhigherthan16andshowedhighaccumulationonlowbackground,whereasitsenrichmentcapacitiesforPbandCuwererelativelypoorerwithaverageenrichmentfactoroflessthan1.Atdifferentforestlands,thereexistedgreatdifferenceonabsorptioncapacityofP.×euramericanacv.’Neva’withthesameheavymetal.

简介：Soilamendmentwithflyash（FA）andcombinedsupplementationwithN2-fixingcyanobacteriamassesasbiofertilizerweredoneinfieldexperimentswithrice.AmendmentswithFAlevels,0,0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0,8.0and10.0kg/m2,causedincreaseingrowthandyieldofriceupto8.0kg/m2,monitoredwithseveralparameters.PigmentcontentsandenzymeactivitiesofleaveswereenhancedbyFA,withthemaximumlevelofFAat10.0kg/m2.ProteincontentofriceseedswasthehighestinplantsgrownatFAlevel4.0kg/m2.Basicsoilproperties,pHvalue,percentageofsilt,percentageofclay,water-holdingcapacity,electricalconductivity,cationexchangecapacity,andorganiccarboncontentincreasedduetotheFAamendment.ParallelsupplementationofFAamendedplotswith1.0kg/m2N2-fixingcyanobacteriamasscausedfurthersignificantincrementsofthemostsoilproperties,andricegrowthandyieldparameters.1000-grainweightofriceplantsgrownatFAlevel4.0kg/m2alongwithcyanobacteriasupplementationwasthemaximum.CyanobacteriasupplementationcausedincreaseofimportantbasicpropertiesofsoilincludingthetotalN-content.Estimationsofelementalcontentinsoilsandplantparts（rootandseed）weredonebytheatomicabsorptionspectrophotometry.AccumulationsofK,P,Feandseveralplantmicronutrients（Mn,Ni,Co,ZnandCu）andtoxicelements（Pb,CrandCd）increasedinsoilsandplantpartsasafunctionoftheFAgradation,butNacontentremainedalmostunchangedinsoilsandseeds.Supplementationofcyanobacteriahadamelioratingeffectontoxicmetalcontentsofsoilsandplantparts.TheFAlevel4.0kg/m2,with1.0kg/m2cyanobacteriamasssupplementation,couldbetakenideal,sincetherewouldberechargingofthesoilwithessentialmicronutrientsaswellastoxicchemicalsincomparativelesserproportions,andcyanobacteriamasswouldcauselesseningtoxicmetalloadswithusualN2-fixation.

简介：IndividualandcombinedeffectsofCu,Pb,ZnandCdonNmineralization,ureaseandphosphatasewereexaminedinaTypicUdicFerrisolinlaboratorybyemployinganduniformdesignandasinglefactordesign,SoilpollutioncausedbyheavymetalsinhibitedNmineralization(N0value)andureaseandphosphataseactivities.ThecombinedpollutionofmetalsalleviatedtheirtoxicitytoNmineralizationtosomeextentwhereasaggravatedthetoxicitytoureaseandphosphatase.Phosphorousapplicationcouldmitigatthetoxiceffectofheavymetalsonphosphataseactivities,whilealleviatingeffectofNapplicationonthetoxicityofheavymetalstoureasewasinconsistent.However,themitigatingeffectofthefertilizerswaslimitedinheavilypollutedsoils.

简介：亚洲与任何另外的区域相比正在经历更快速的经济生长。有金属的土壤和地下水的污染能主要被归因于人的活动；因此，描绘风险的性质和大小到人的风险评价和从沾染物的生态的受体是重要的。风险评价经常是反复的进程，它包含鉴定和充满的数据差距。象多媒体一样的统计方法冒险评价建模的试验性的采样，geostatistical和multivariate是在土壤和地下水在对金属污染的评价使用的三主要方法论。这评论为改进风险计算方法加亮很多大小并且详细说明包含污染，暴露小径和金属的bioavailability的主要来源的鉴定的科学途径。一般来说，对在土壤和世界范围的地下水的金属的风险评价是污染，暴露小径的鉴定，和污染的概率的预言的主要集中的onthelevels。迄今为止，很有限的研究在亚洲在土壤和地下水污染的规定报导了相关环境法律和政策的发展。在在发达国家之中的土壤和地下水污染的规定的发展，变化和限制可以在亚洲为发展中的国家提供有用指导。