简介：摘要目的评价Nr1D1核受体亚家族1，组D，成员1(Rev-erbα)/芳香烃受体核转位蛋白样1受体(Bmal1)信号通路在糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用及其与自噬的关系。方法SPF级成年雄性SD大鼠，6～8周龄，体重200～220 g，腹腔注射链脲佐菌霉素60 mg/kg建立1型糖尿病模型，糖尿病造模成功后继续饲养8周。取糖尿病大鼠30只，采用随机数字表法分为3组：糖尿病假手术组(DS组，n＝6)、糖尿病心肌缺血再灌注组(DI/R组，n＝12)和糖尿病心肌缺血再灌注+Rev-erbα拮抗剂SR-8278组(DI/R+SR组，n＝12)。另取非糖尿病大鼠18只，采用随机数字表法分为2组：非糖尿病假手术组(NS组，n＝6)和非糖尿病心肌缺血再灌注组(NI/R组，n＝12)。采用结扎左冠状动脉前降支30 min再灌注120 min的方法建立心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。DI/R+SR组于缺血前1 h时经股静脉注射SR-8278 2 mg/kg。再灌注结束即刻采集颈动脉血标本，采用ELISA法检测血清cTnI、CK-MB和LDH水平；然后处死大鼠，取心肌组织，采用TTC法测定心肌梗死面积百分比，透射电镜下计数自噬小体，采用RT-PCR检测Rev-erbα和Bmal1的mRNA表达水平，Western blot法检测Rev-erbα、Bmal1、微管相关蛋白1轻链3(LC3)Ⅱ和LC3 Ⅰ的表达水平，并计算LC3 Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值。结果与NS组比较，NI/R组心肌梗死体积百分比、血清cTnI、CK-MB和LDH水平和自噬小体计数升高，心肌组织Rev-erbα及其mRNA表达上调，Bmal1及其mRNA表达下调，LC3 Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值升高，DS组血清cTnI、CK-MB和LDH水平升高，自噬小体计数降低，心肌组织Rev-erbα及其mRNA表达上调，Bmal1及其mRNA表达下调，LC3 Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值降低(P<0.05)；与NI/R组比较，DI/R组心肌梗死体积百分比、血清cTnI、CK-MB和LDH水平升高，自噬小体计数降低，心肌组织Rev-erbα及其mRNA表达上调，Bmal1及其mRNA表达下调，LC3 Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值降低(P<0.05)；与DS组比较，DI/R组心肌梗死体积百分、血清cTnI、CK-MB和LDH水平和自噬小体计数升高，心肌组织Rev-erbα及其mRNA表达上调，Bmal1及其mRNA表达下调，LC3 Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值升高(P<0.05)；与DI/R组比较，DI/R+SR组心肌梗死体积百分比、血清cTnI、CK-MB和LDH水平降低，自噬小体计数降低，心肌组织Rev-erbα及其mRNA表达下调，Bmal1及其mRNA表达上调，LC3 Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ比值升高(P<0.05)。结论Rev-erbα/BMAL1信号通路可通过调节细胞自噬水平，参与糖尿病大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的过程。

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简介：AbstractBackground:Emerging evidence indicates that the sineoculis homeobox homolog 1-eyes absent homolog 1 (SIX1-EYA1) transcriptional complex significantly contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple cancers by mediating the expression of genes involved in different biological processes, such as cell-cycle progression and metastasis. However, the roles of the SIX1-EYA1 transcriptional complex and its targets in colorectal cancer (CRC) are still being investigated. This study aimed to investigate the roles of SIX1-EYA1 in the pathogenesis of CRC, to screen inhibitors disrupting the SIX1-EYA1 interaction and to evaluate the efficiency of small molecules in the inhibition of CRC cell growth.Methods:Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were performed to examine gene and protein levels in CRC cells and clinical tissues (collected from CRC patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, between 2016 and 2018, n = 24). In vivo immunoprecipitation and in vitro pulldown assays were carried out to determine SIX1-EYA1 interaction. Cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell invasion were determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, clonogenic assay, and Boyden chamber assay, respectively. The Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay Screen (AlphaScreen) method was used to obtain small molecules that specifically disrupted SIX1-EYA1 interaction. CRC cells harboring different levels of SIX1/EYA1 were injected into nude mice to establish tumor xenografts, and small molecules were also injected into mice to evaluate their efficiency to inhibit tumor growth.Results:Both SIX1 and EYA1 were overexpressed in CRC cancerous tissues (for SIX1, 7.47 ± 3.54 vs.1.88 ± 0.35, t = 4.92, P = 0.008; for EYA1, 7.61 ± 2.03 vs. 2.22 ± 0.45, t = 6.73, P = 0.005). The SIX1/EYA1 complex could mediate the expression of two important genes including cyclin A1 (CCNA1) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) by binding to the myocyte enhancer factor 3 consensus. Knockdown of both SIX1 and EYA1 could decrease cell proliferation, cell invasion, tumor growth, and in vivo tumor growth (all P < 0.01). Two small molecules, NSC0191 and NSC0933, were obtained using AlphaScreen and they could significantly inhibit the SIX1-EYA1 interaction with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 12.60 ± 1.15 μmol/L and 83.43 ± 7.24 μmol/L, respectively. Administration of these two compounds could significantly repress the expression of CCNA1 and TGFB1 and inhibit the growth of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions:Overexpression of the SIX1/EYA1 complex transactivated the expression of CCNA1 and TGFB1, causing the pathogenesis of CRC. Pharmacological inhibition of the SIX1-EYA1 interaction with NSC0191 and NSC0933 significantly inhibited CRC cell growth by affecting cell-cycle progression and metastasis.

简介：摘要帕金森病(PD)是世界上第二常见的神经退行性疾病，它的发病机制与线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激反应以及钙稳态失衡有关。近年来，PD与Ca2+的关系成为研究热点，钙稳态失衡可通过不同的途径导致PD。细胞内Ca2+水平取决于钙库操纵性钙内流(SOCE)，而SOCE由钙释放激活钙通道调节分子1(Orai1)、基质相互作用分子1(STIM1)及瞬时受体电位通道1(TRPC1)相互作用组成的功能复合体调节。常见的PD神经毒素可通过降低Orai1-STIM1-TRPC1复合体功能，损伤SOCE及其下游的信号通路选择性损伤多巴胺能神经元，并且Orai1-STIM1-TRPC1复合体可能通过作用于小胶质细胞以及内质网调控神经炎症、自噬现象以影响PD的发生发展。因此恢复Orai1-STIM1-TRPC1复合体表达及功能，维持钙稳态可能成为PD的有效治疗靶点。

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简介：[摘要]目的探讨使用维生素K1患者过敏后的护理措施。方法对2021年01月19日收治的重度妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者使用维生素K1过敏后的护理治疗经验进行总结分析。结论本文旨在探讨肌内注射维生素 K1过敏的治疗及护理方法，提醒医护人员在临床使用中加强对药物不良反应的观察，对此类案例的治疗及护理方法提供借鉴，确保患者用药安全[1]。

简介：AbstractBackground:Macrophages play an important role in renal ischemia reperfusion injury, but the functional changes of macrophages under hypoxia/reoxygenation and the related mechanism are unclear and need to be further clarified.Methods:The effects of hypoxia/reoxygenation on functional characteristics of RAW264.7 macrophages were analyzed through the protein expression detection of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and CD80, anti-inflammatory factors ARG-1 and CD206. The functional implications of C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1(CX3CR1) down-regulation in hypoxic macrophages were explored using small interfering RNA technology. Significance was assessed by the parametric t-test or nonparametric Mann-Whitney test for two group comparisons, and a one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test for multiple group comparisons.Results:Hypoxia/reoxygenation significantly increased the protein expression of M1-related pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, CD80 and chemokine C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1)/CX3CR1 and inhibited the protein expression of M2-related anti-inflammatory factors ARG-1 and CD206 in a time-dependent manner in RAW264.7 cells. However, the silencing of CX3CR1 in RAW264.7 cells using specific CX3CR1-siRNA, significantly attenuated the increase in protein expression of TNF-α (P < 0.05) and CD80 (P < 0.01) and the inhibition of ARG-1 (P < 0.01) and CD206 (P < 0.01) induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation. In addition, we also found that hypoxia/reoxygenation could significantly enhance the migration (2.2-fold, P < 0.01) and adhesion capacity (1.5-fold, P < 0.01) of RAW264.7 macrophages compared with the control group, and CX3CR1-siRNA had an inhibitory role (40% and 20% reduction, respectively). For elucidating the mechanism, we showed that the phosphorylation levels of ERK (P < 0.01) and the p65 subunit of NF-κB (P < 0.01) of the RAW264.7 cells in the hypoxic/reoxygenation group were significantly increased, which could be attenuated by down-regulation of CX3CR1 expression (P < 0.01, both). ERK inhibitors also significantly blocked the effects of hypoxic/reoxygenation on the protein expression of M1-related pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α, CD80 and M2-related anti-inflammatory factors ARG-1 and CD206. Moreover, we found that conditioned medium from polarized M1 macrophages induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation, notably increased the degree of apoptosis of hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced TCMK-1 cells, and promoted the protein expression of pro-apoptotic proteins bax (P < 0.01) and cleaved-caspase 3 (P < 0.01) and inhibited the expression of anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 (P < 0.01), but silencing CX3CR1 in macrophages had a protective role. Finally, we also found that the secretion of soluble CX3CL1 in RAW264.7 macrophages under hypoxia/reoxygenation was significantly increased.Conclusions:The findings suggest that hypoxia/reoxygenation could promote M1 polarization, cell migration, and adhesion of macrophages, and that polarized macrophages induce further apoptosis of hypoxic renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling pathway.

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简介：【摘要】原发于肾盂的黏液腺癌一种罕见的肿瘤，文献报道并不多。患者无特征性的临床症状，影像学也无特征性的表现，术前常误诊为肾结石、肾积水和肾脓肿，常是通过术后病理检查确诊。本文通过报道1例肾盂黏液腺癌，并结合相关文献，总结经验，增强对肾盂黏液腺癌的认识。

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简介：摘要目的探究“1+1+1”组合签约家庭医生服务模式下糖尿病患者的生命质量状况，分析影响因素。方法于2018年7—9月，采用整群分层随机抽样，纳入413例已接受“1+1+1”家庭医生签约服务者为研究对象，将糖尿病患者203例归入糖尿病组，健康人群210例归入对照组。使用自制一般情况问卷、生存质量评价量表（SF-36量表）进行调查，比较两组的生命质量；应用单因素分析和线性逐步回归模型分析糖尿病患者生命质量的影响因素。结果两组生命质量总分分别为（711.36±103.40）、（736.72±85.42）分。糖尿病组的生命质量总分、健康变化、生理功能、总体健康、生理内容综合测量得分低于对照组（t=-2.712、-2.326、-4.872、-5.509、-3.504，均P<0.05）；但在生理职能、躯体疼痛、情感职能、精神健康、生命活力、社会职能、心理内容综合测量方面两组差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。分析影响因素，单因素分析显示，年龄、文化程度、睡眠质量评分、应激事件、平时精神状况、家庭医生签约服务年限是糖尿病患者生命质量的影响因素（t/F=3.373、3.216、5.716、58.146、28.325、14.450，均P<0.05）。多重逐步线性回归分析显示，应激事件、平时精神状况、年龄、家庭医生签约服务年限是糖尿病患者生命质量的主要影响因素（t=7.157、4.741、-2.779、2.129，均P<0.05）。结论提示在“1+1+1”组合签约家庭医生服务模式下，糖尿病患者生命质量的心理内容评分接近健康人群。应激事件、平时精神状况、年龄、家庭医生签约服务年限可影响糖尿病患者的生命质量，家庭医生应针对性关注应激事件、患者平时精神状况变化以及对高龄患者的签约服务。

简介：摘要目的探究“1+1+1”组合签约家庭医生服务模式下糖尿病患者的生命质量状况，分析影响因素。方法于2018年7—9月，采用整群分层随机抽样，纳入413例已接受“1+1+1”家庭医生签约服务者为研究对象，将糖尿病患者203例归入糖尿病组，健康人群210例归入对照组。使用自制一般情况问卷、生存质量评价量表（SF-36量表）进行调查，比较两组的生命质量；应用单因素分析和线性逐步回归模型分析糖尿病患者生命质量的影响因素。结果两组生命质量总分分别为（711.36±103.40）、（736.72±85.42）分。糖尿病组的生命质量总分、健康变化、生理功能、总体健康、生理内容综合测量得分低于对照组（t=-2.712、-2.326、-4.872、-5.509、-3.504，均P<0.05）；但在生理职能、躯体疼痛、情感职能、精神健康、生命活力、社会职能、心理内容综合测量方面两组差异无统计学意义（均P>0.05）。分析影响因素，单因素分析显示，年龄、文化程度、睡眠质量评分、应激事件、平时精神状况、家庭医生签约服务年限是糖尿病患者生命质量的影响因素（t/F=3.373、3.216、5.716、58.146、28.325、14.450，均P<0.05）。多重逐步线性回归分析显示，应激事件、平时精神状况、年龄、家庭医生签约服务年限是糖尿病患者生命质量的主要影响因素（t=7.157、4.741、-2.779、2.129，均P<0.05）。结论提示在“1+1+1”组合签约家庭医生服务模式下，糖尿病患者生命质量的心理内容评分接近健康人群。应激事件、平时精神状况、年龄、家庭医生签约服务年限可影响糖尿病患者的生命质量，家庭医生应针对性关注应激事件、患者平时精神状况变化以及对高龄患者的签约服务。

简介：摘要目的观察基线HIV-1 RNA > 50万copies/mL的HIV-1感染者，在高效抗反转录病毒治疗（highly active antiretroviral therapy，HAART）前后外周血totalHIV-1 DNA的变化。方法从国家十二五科技重大专项课题中选取基线HIV-1 RNA > 50万copies/mL且HAART 96周HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL的初治HIV-1感染者为试验组，年龄性别相当的基线HIV-1 RNA < 50万copies/mL的HIV-1感染者为对照组。检测两组患者基线和HAART 24、48、96周时total HIV-1 DNA水平。结果基线及HAART 96周，试验组total HIV-1 DNA均高于对照组3.48（3.21~3.80）lg copies/106 PBMCsvs 2.90（2.54~3.30）lg copies /106 PBMCs（p<0.001），2.82（2.38~2.96）lgcopies/106 PBMCs vs 2.37（1.99~2.65） lg copies /106 PBMCs（p=0.001）。HAART 24周、48周，试验组detal HIV-1 DNA较对照组高0.67（0.41~1.03）lg copies/106 PBMCs vs 0.39（0.09~0.73）lg copies/106 PBMCs（P<0.001）, 0.8（0.46~1.16）lg copies/106 PBMCs vs 0.43（0.04~0.63）lg copies/106 PBMCs（P<0.001）。且HAART前后total HIV-1 DNA水平均与基线病载正相关。结论基线极高病载患者HAART 96周内存在较高total HIV DNA水平，建议选择强效HAART方案来有效降低储存库。

简介：摘要目的探讨SMARCB1（INI1）缺失型鼻腔鼻窦癌（SDSC）的临床病理学特点、诊断、鉴别诊断以及预后相关因素。方法收集首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院病理科2016年1月至2020年9月间确诊的SDSC 16例，并以头颈部小圆细胞型恶性肿瘤99例作为观察对照，包括鼻腔鼻窦的低分化鳞癌10例，低分化腺癌5例，未分化癌4例，睾丸核蛋白癌（NUT癌）5例，神经内分泌癌10例，嗅神经母细胞瘤10例，横纹肌肉瘤10例，NK/T细胞淋巴瘤10例，黑色素瘤10例，尤文肉瘤/原始神经外胚叶肿瘤（EWS/PNET）5例，非角化型未分化鼻咽癌20例。分析16例SDSC的临床及病理学特点，并行免疫组织化学染色标记广谱细胞角蛋白（CKpan）、细胞角蛋白（CK）7、CK8/18、CK5/6、p63、p40、INI1、NUT及神经内分泌标志物（突触素、嗜铬粒素A、CD56），EB病毒编码的RNA（EBER）原位杂交检测以及荧光原位杂交（FISH）检测INI1基因缺失。结果16例SDSC患者占本时间段鼻腔鼻窦全部恶性肿瘤的1.3%（16/1 218），全部恶性上皮性肿瘤的2.4%（16/657）。镜下缺乏明确的鳞状及腺样分化，常可见“横纹肌样”细胞。免疫组织化学染色结果SDSC瘤细胞CKpan、CK8/18均阳性，INI1均阴性；EBER原位杂交结果均阴性；共有11例SDSC进行了FISH检测，均可见INI1基因缺失。随访12例，随访时间3~47个月，有1例于诊断后半年死于肿瘤相关疾病，余病例均带瘤存活，存活时间最长者为47个月。结论SDSC需与鼻腔鼻窦分化差的多种肿瘤相鉴别。无明确分化的镜下形态，特征性的基底样及横纹肌样细胞、非特异性空泡、透亮或空泡状的细胞核、明显的核仁及坏死灶、免疫组织化学染色INI1阴性以及FISH检测INI1基因缺失等为其病理改变特点，并为其诊断及鉴别诊断依据，临床预后尚不明确。其生物学行为及治疗方式有待深入探讨。

简介：摘要对南京医科大学附属儿童医院诊治的1例PIK3R1基因突变致SHORT综合征患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。患儿，女，11岁5个月，因"多食、多饮、多尿2个月"就诊。查体：面部脂肪少、三角脸、眼睛深陷、宽鼻梁、鼻翼小、鼻部下端小柱状低垂、嘴角下垂，颈部、腋下、肘窝、腘窝及腹股沟皮肤呈黑棘皮样皮肤改变及双肘轻度外翻、伸展过度。实验室检查提示胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病。全外显子组基因测序发现患儿携带PIK3R1基因杂合突变(c.1945C>T，p.Arg649Trp)。SHORT综合征为罕见的常染色体显性遗传病，以特征性面容、脂肪萎缩及胰岛素抵抗为临床特点，检测PIK3R1基因有助于诊断。SHORT综合征的诊治需要多学科管理，而早期诊断可减少并发症发生和减轻家庭负担。

简介：摘要对2019年11月南京医科大学附属儿童医院康复科诊断的1例Gillespie综合征患儿的病历资料进行回顾性分析。患儿，男，6月龄，其临床特点为运动智力落后、肌张力低下、双眼畏光、眼球震颤、双眼不能注视及追视物，眼科裂隙灯下检查提示瞳孔固定扩大、双眼虹膜部分缺损、特征性虹膜残丝，基因检测及生物信息学分析显示患儿ITPR1基因第26内含子存在1个杂合剪接突变c.3256-1G>A，为新发致病性变异，患儿父母该基因位点均未见异常。提示有双眼虹膜部分缺损、运动智力落后及肌张力低下的患儿应考虑Gillespie综合征，完善基因检测有助于早期明确诊断。