简介：Generalizingthenotionofstronglynilcleanrings,weintroducestronglyquasinilcleanrings.Somefundamentalpropertiesandequivalentcharacterizationsofthisclassofringsareprovided.Bymeansofg-Drazininverses,Cline'sformulaandJacobson'slemmaforstronglyquasi-nilcleanelementsareinvestigated.

简介：Beamhalo-chaosinhigh-currentacceleratorshasbecomeakeyconcernedissuebecauseitcancauseexcessiveradioactivityfromtheacceleratorsthereforesignificantlylimitstheirapplicationsinindustry,medicine,andnationaldefense.Somegeneralengineeringmethodsforchaoscontrolhavebeendevelopedinrecentyears,buttheygenerallyareunsuccessfulforbeamhalo-chaossuppressionduetomanytechnicalconstraints.Beamhalo-chaosisessentiallyaspatiotemporalchaoticmotionwithinahighpowerprotonaccelerator.Inthispaper,someefficientnonlinearcontrolmethods,includingwaveletfunctionfeedbackcontrolasaspecialnonlinearcontrolmethod,areproposedforcontrollingbeamhalo-chaosunderfivekindsoftheinitialprotonbeamdistributions(i.e.,Kapchinsky-Vladimirsky,fullGauss,3-sigmaGauss,water-bag,andparaboladistributions)respectively.Particles-in-cellsimulationsshowthataftercontrolofbeamhalo-chaos,thebeamhalostrengthfactorisreducedtozero,andotherstatisticalphysicalquantitiesofbeamhalo-chaosaredoublyreduced.Themethodswedevelopedisveryeffectiveforsuppressionofprotonbeamhalo-chaosinaperiodicfocusingchannelofaccelerator.Somepotentialapplicationofthebeamhalo-chaoscontrolinexperimentsisfinallypointedout.

简介：Measuredhighlyelevatedgainsofproton–boron（HB11）fusion（Picciottoetal.,Phys.Rev.X4,031030（2014））confirmedtheexceptionalavalanchereactionprocess（Lalousisetal.,LaserPart.Beams32,409（2014）;Horaetal.,LaserPart.Beams33,607（2015））forthecombinationofthenon-thermalblockignitionusingultrahighintensitylaserpulsesofpicosecondsduration.Theultrahighaccelerationabove1020cms-2forplasmablockswastheoreticallyandnumericallypredictedsince1978（Hora,PhysicsofLaserDrivenPlasmas（Wiley,1981）,pp.178and179）andmeasured（Sauerbrey,Phys.Plasmas3,4712（1996））inexactagreement（Horaetal.,Phys.Plasmas14,072701（2007））whenthedominatingforcewasovercomingthermalprocesses.ThisisbasedonMaxwell’sstresstensorbythedielectricpropertiesofplasmaleadingtothenonlinear（ponderomotive）forcefNLresultinginultra-fastexpandingplasmablocksbyadielectricexplosion.Combiningthiswithmeasuredultrahighmagneticfieldsandtheavalancheprocessopensanoptionforanenvironmentallyabsolutecleanandeconomicboronfusionpowerreactor.ThisissupportedalsobyotherexperimentswithveryhighHB11reactionsunderdifferentconditions（Labauneetal.,NatureCommun.4,2506（2013））.

简介：Arapidmethodhasbeendevelopedforrapidsampleclean-upinthedeterminationofthepharmacologicallyactiveterpenoidincludingginkgolideA,B,Candbilobalideinginkgobilobaleavesextracts(GBE).Theextractsaredissolvedin7%ofethanolaqueoussolutionandthenpurifiedbyahighlyselectivepolyericadsorbentsolid-phasechromatographiccolumn.Afterbeingconcentrated,theseparatedterpenoidswithnophenolicdistrubancearedeterminedbyhighperformanceliquidchromatorgraphyonaNova-PakC18columnwithmethanol-water(30:70)aseffluentandrefractiveindexdetection.Therecoveryofthemethodisabout95%andthenewmethodsavesmoretimethantheconventionaltwo-columnpurificationmethod.

简介：TostudytheadsorptionbehaviorofCu+inaqueoussolutiononsemiconductorsurface,theinteractionsofCu+andhydratedCu+cationswiththecleanSi(111)surfacewereinvestigatedviahybriddensityfunctionaltheory(B3LYP)andMller-Plessetsecond-orderperturbation(MP2)method.ThecleanSi(111)surfacewasdescribedwithclustermodels(Si14H17,Si16H20andSi22H21)andafour-siliconlayerslabunderperiodicboundaryconditions.CalculationresultsindicatethatthebondingnatureofadsorptionofCu+onSisurfacecanbeviewedaspartialcova-lentaswellasionicbonding.ThebindingenergiesbetweenhydratedCu+cationsandSi(111)surfacearelarge,suggestingastronginteractionbetweenthem.ThecoordinationnumberofCu+(H2O)nonSi(111)surfacewasfoundtobe4.Asthenumberofwatermoleculesislargerthan5,watermoleculesformahydrogenbondnetwork.Inaqueoussolution,Cu+cationswillsafelyattachtothecleanSi(111)surface.

简介：TheShenguang-IIUpgrade（SG-IIUp）facilityisanunder-constructionhigh-powerlaserdriverwitheightbeams,24kJenergy,3nspulsedurationandultravioletlaseroutput,intheShanghaiInstituteofOpticsandFineMechanics,China.Theprototypedesignandexperimentalresearchoftheprototypefinalopticsassembly（FOA）,whichisoneofthemostimportantpartsoftheSG-IIUpfacility,havebeencompletedontheninthbeamoftheSG-IIfacility.Thirty-threeshotswerefiredusing1-ωenergyfrom1000to4500Jand3-ωenergyfrom500to2403Jwitha3nssquarepulse.Duringtheexperiments,emphasiswasgiventotheprocessofopticaldamageandtotheeffectsofclean-gascontrol.AnumericalmodeloftheFOAgeneratedbytheIntegratedComputerEngineeringandManufacturingcodeforComputationalFluidDynamics（ICEMCFD）demonstratedthatafluxwithin1–5ls-1anda180speriodiseffectualtoavoidcontaminantsputteringtotheoptics.Thepresenceofsurface‘mooning’damageandsurfacespotslocatedoutsidetheclearapertureareinducedbycontaminantssuchaswire,silicagelandmillimeterorderfiberandmetal.