简介:晶莹的雪花,洁白的食盐和闪耀的宝石,都属于晶体。它们在微观结构上都周期重复着某一种结构。那么人们是怎样对晶体结构进行表征和分类的呢?这就使用到了数学中的群论(GroupTheory)。晶体内部原子排列的具体形式一般称之为晶格,不同的晶体内部原子排列称为具有不同的晶格结构。各种晶格结构又可以归纳为七大晶系,各种晶系分别与14种空间格相对应,在宏观上又可以归结为32种空间点群,在微观上可进一步细分为230个空间群。如果没有群论来表示晶体结构中的对称性等特征,人们在分辨和研究晶体的时候就会一头雾水。不仅如此,在测定分析晶体结构的时候,科学家们正是利用了群论结合晶体衍射的物理原理,才能根据测试数据有效计算出准确的晶体结构。
简介:[摘要 ]随着电力系统的不断发展,对六氟化硫断路器的运行维护工作提出了更高更新的要求。本文分析了影响六氟化硫断路器运行的主要因素,探讨了六氟化硫断路器运行维护要点,提出了六氟化硫断路器运行故障的处理措施。 [关键词 ]六氟化硫断路器;主要因素;运行维护要点;故障处理措施
简介:andthereductionofpublicandsocialexpenses.Economistsmaynotnecessarilysharetheeconomicandsocialinterestsofthetruebelieversandmayhaveavarietyofindividualpsychicstatesregardingtheeconomicandsocialeffectsoftheutopiawhichtheycloakwithmathematicalreason.Nevertheless,orbetteryetthesupranationalstate-aEuropeanstateonthewaytowardaworldstate-capableofeffectivelycontrollingandtaxingtheprofitsearnedinthefinancialmarketsand,onreservesofsocialcapitalthatprotectanentireportionofthepresentsocialorderfromfallingintoanomie.Thissocialcapitalisfatedtowitheraway-althoughnotintheshortrun-ifitisnotrenewedandreproduced.Butthesesameforcesof"conservation"
简介:Therearepowerfulpoliticalobstaclesbetweenpeople.Themainobstaclescomefromthesocialdemocraticmovement.IfwesucceedinovercomingtheseitwillleadtoagenuineThirdWaywhichwillbemuchmoreradical.Weneedtobuildtheleftoftheleft.Intheecologymovementyouhavepeoplewhoarereallyontheleft--evenamongtheCommunistParty,InFrancewehavethistraditionofworkerismwhichisanti-intellectual.Theunionsareveryhostiletointellectualsandtheintellectualsareverydistantfromworkers.In1968itwasveryvisible.NowforthefirsttimebecauseofthefailureofSovietMarxismwearefreefromthat.SoIcanspeakwithaCGTofficialasIamspeakingtoyou.Theyareveryopen.Inasenseintellectualslikemedidnotexist20yearsago.PeoplelikeSartreandFoucaultweresympathetictothemovement,Forcesotherthantheleftaretryingtogainahearing.SoweseetheHaiderphenomenoninAustria.Buthehasnotgoneunchallenged.TherecreationofatrueleftwingmovementwillbethemaininstrumentofthedestructionofHaider.NobodyspokeaboutLePenandtheNationalFrontinFranceduringthehotwinterof1995inFrance.ThemassmovementindefenceofpensionsinItalyalsomarginalisedthefarright.