简介:1引言矩理论是图像处理领域的重要内容。通常希望用一系列符号或某种规则来具体地描绘一幅图像的特征,以便在进一步地识别、分析或分类中有利于区分不同性质的图像。同时,也可以减少图像区域中的原始数据量。不变矩(Invariantmoments)是一种高度浓缩的图像特征,具有平移、灰度、尺度、旋转等多畸变不变性,因此矩和矩函数被广泛用于图像的模式识别、图像分类、目标识别和场景分析中。M.K.Hu[1]在1961年首先提出不变矩的概念,证明了矩组(7)对于平移、旋转和大小比例变化都是不变的,因此用它们可以描绘一幅给定的图像。由于不变矩具有良好的平移、旋转和尺度缩放不变性及抗干扰性,一直是图像识别领域的重要研究课题。
简介:Theprogressofeconomicglobalization,therapidgrowthofinternationaltrade,andthemaritimetransportationhasplayedanincreasinglysignificantroleintheinternationalsupplychain.Asaresult,worldwideseaportshavesufferedfromacentralproblem,whichappearsintheformofmassiveamountsoffuelconsumedandexhaustgasfumesemittedfromtheshipswhileberthed.Manyportshavetakenthenecessaryprecautionstoovercomethisproblem,whileothersstillsufferduetothepresenceoftechnicalandfinancialconstraints.Inthispaper,thebarriers,interconnectionstandards,rules,regulations,powersources,andeconomicandenvironmentalanalysisrelatedtoships,shore-sidepowerwerestudiedineffortstofindasolutiontoovercomehisproblem.Asacasestudy,thispaperinvestigatesthepracticability,costsandbenefitsofswitchingfromonboardshipauxiliaryenginestoshore-sidepowerconnectionforhigh-speedcraftscalledAlkaherawhileberthedattheportofSafaga,Egypt.Theresultsprovidethenationalelectricitygridconceptasthebesteconomicalselectionwith49.03percentofannualcostsaving.Moreover,environmentally,itcouldachieveanannualreductioninexhaustgasemissionsofCO2,CO,NOx,P.M,andSO2by276,2.32,18.87,0.825and3.84tons,respectively.