简介:当前,体积设计法是沥青混合料主要的设计方法。其核心问题是通过混合料的体积特性确定混合料的最佳油石比。就此,从混合料体积参数的分析入手,界定了混合料密实状态和紧密状态的概念,从而提出一种基于紧密状态的新型混合料体积设计方法。这种方法与混合料的级配设计紧密结合,比传统体积设计方法——根据空隙率表征的混合料密实状态设计方法,更加合理可靠,对有效改善混合料性能起到重要作用。
简介:Theprogressofeconomicglobalization,therapidgrowthofinternationaltrade,andthemaritimetransportationhasplayedanincreasinglysignificantroleintheinternationalsupplychain.Asaresult,worldwideseaportshavesufferedfromacentralproblem,whichappearsintheformofmassiveamountsoffuelconsumedandexhaustgasfumesemittedfromtheshipswhileberthed.Manyportshavetakenthenecessaryprecautionstoovercomethisproblem,whileothersstillsufferduetothepresenceoftechnicalandfinancialconstraints.Inthispaper,thebarriers,interconnectionstandards,rules,regulations,powersources,andeconomicandenvironmentalanalysisrelatedtoships,shore-sidepowerwerestudiedineffortstofindasolutiontoovercomehisproblem.Asacasestudy,thispaperinvestigatesthepracticability,costsandbenefitsofswitchingfromonboardshipauxiliaryenginestoshore-sidepowerconnectionforhigh-speedcraftscalledAlkaherawhileberthedattheportofSafaga,Egypt.Theresultsprovidethenationalelectricitygridconceptasthebesteconomicalselectionwith49.03percentofannualcostsaving.Moreover,environmentally,itcouldachieveanannualreductioninexhaustgasemissionsofCO2,CO,NOx,P.M,andSO2by276,2.32,18.87,0.825and3.84tons,respectively.
简介:大跨度钢筋混凝土拱桥以其优异的刚度和应变力,在铁路桥梁建设中应用的越来越多。为确保桥梁设计的耐久性,减少和防止环境及气候条件对桥梁表面的腐蚀,需对其表面进行油漆的喷涂,但目前没有所消耗材料的定额。故此文以沪昆客运专线贵州段跨越北盘江的特大桥为例,根据喷涂施工工艺流程、喷涂施工工况和部位,来测定喷涂每平方米消耗的材料量,并通过计算得出每平方米材料的损耗量和损耗率。