简介：IntheMetalsIndustry,interruption-freeprocessestoproducehigh-qualityendproductsareaprerequisite.Themaindrivestogetherwiththemillstandsplayakeyroleinthesuccessofrollingmills.Thecrucialdemandsplacedonthedrivesystemare:high-dynamicperformanceofdriveanditscontrolsystem,abilitytohandletheprocessrelatedoverloads,smoothrunning,highavailability,highefficiency,easyserviceabilityandabilitytointegrateseamlesslywiththeautomationsystems.WithnumerousreferenceinstallationsandmanyyearsofexperienceSiemensVAIhasthewiderexpertiseandtheportfoliotoprovidetherightdriveforeveryapplication.Thispaperexaminesthelatestinnovation,SINAMICSdrivetechnology,forbothnewdriveapplicationsaswellasformodernizingtheexistingdrivesinrollingmillapplicationslikehotstripsmills,platemills,coldrollingmills,andlongrollingmills.

简介：Baosteelstartedtheproductionofpipelinesteelintheearly1990s.Thecompanyhassofarproducedmorethan4MtofAPIX42-X80andhydrogensulfideresistantX52-X65steel.In2006,itsucceededinproducingX100andX120pipelinesteels,whichhavebeenusedinmanyimportantprojects,suchastheoiltransportingprojectintheTarimBasin,thepipelineprojectinSudan,theWesttoEastgaspipelineproject,theSino-Russianoiltransportingproject,etc.Baosteelhasmadegreatprogressinthepuritycontrolofpipelinesteel,thehomogeneitycontrolofslabcompositionandsurfacequalityoverthelasttenyears.Thecompanyhasachievedthisbyimprovingitssteelmakingequipmentandoperationmanagementtechnology,andbyintegratingitsprocesstechnology.Thephosphorusandsulfurlevelsofthepipelinesteelhavebeendecreasedto50ppmand12ppmrespectively(1ppm=10-6).

简介：ThefoamingslagpracticecaneffectivelysolvetheproblemsexistinginEAFsmeltingofstainlesssteel,suchashighelectricalconsumption,highrefractoryconsumptionandlongtaptotaptime.Inthispaper,theoreticalanalysesweremadeonthetechnicaldifficultiesanddevelopmentfeasibilityofthetechnology.Slagfoamingexperimentswereperformedina10tEAFwherecrudestainlesssteelwithaCrcontentof13%-15%andacarboncontentof1.5%-2.5%wassmeltedandspecialfoamingpelletswereaddedtoreleaseadditionalgasforbetterfoaming.GoodfoamingslagwasobservedwiththeelectricarcfullycoveredbythefoamwhenthecontentofCr2O3isbetween7%-12%.Theindustrialscaleexperimentswereperformedina110tEAFbytheuseofthesamefoamingpellets.Comparedwiththetraditionaloperation,theseexperimentsresultedinbetterfoamingeffects.

简介：TheSteckelmill,alongestablishedsolutionfortheeconomicalproductionofrelativelysmallvolumesofhotrolledstrip,hasbeenrejuvenatedinrecentyearsbyarangeofnewapplications,boostedbytheneedofimprovingtheenergeticefficiencyoftherollingprocess.ThetraditionaladvantagesoftheSteckelmillintermsofflexibilityandreducedcapitalandoperationalcostsarenowenhancedbytechnologicaldevelopmentsthathavesignificantlyexpandeditsapplicationrangeintothecombinedproductionofstripandplateandimprovedtheproductquality.Theincreasedawarenessofthenecessityofasustainablegrowthinthesteelindustryhasstimulatedthedevelopmentofprocesssolutionswithanimprovedefficiencyintheuseofnaturalresources,lowercarbonemissionsandincreasedyield.ModernSteckelmillsareanadequateresponsetothetrendtowardslowenergystripandplateproduction,inparticularintheirplate-Steckelmillvariant.SiemensVAIhaveplayedakeyroleintheinnovationandtransformationoftheSteckelmillconcept,withanumberofrecentinstallations,presentedinthispaperfromthepointofviewoftheircontributiontothedevelopmentofgreenersteelrollingtechnologies.

简介：Problemsencounteredintheproductionoflownickelausteniticstainlesssteelhavebeenstudied.Theseproblemsprimarilyincludethechangestothemicrostructureoftheslabduringtheheatingprocess,theformationandremovalofdeformation-inducedmartensiteduringcoldrolling,andtheeffectsoftheannealingprocessonthesurfaceoxidestructure.Areasonablemanufacturingprocesshasbeenproposedonthebasisoftheresearchresultsandhighqualitycold-rolledstripsoflownickelausteniticstainlesssteelhavebeenproduced.

简介：ShougangGrouphascarriedoutastrategicstructureadjustmentinordertorealizethepromiseofChinesepeopletotheOlympicGames.Automotivesheetsarechosenasatypeofstrategicproductandanenginetoupgradeenterprisemanagement,technologyandoperationtoreachthetopinternationallevelduringthetransitionfromlongproductstosteelsheetsinShougangGroup.Since2006,ShougangGrouphasmadeanelaboratepreparationonsteelsheetculture,productionlineconstruction,technologyimport,pilotplantandtalentreserve.Itlaysthefoundationforthedevelopmentofautomotivesheets.Thedevelopinghistoryofcoldrolledautomotivesheetsisreviewedandtheresearchanddevelopmentofcoldrolledautomotivesheets,tacklingkeyproblemofdefectonsurfaceandthelatestprogressofautomotivesheetsconstructionaredescribedinthispaper.Themaincontentsweregivenasfollows:①TheproductsofautomotivesheetsrealizezerobreakthroughinShougangGroup.Monthlyoutputwas300toninJanuary,2009anditincreasedto48000toninJune,2010.TheratioofIFsteelsheetsincreasesto70%from40%.Theproportionofoutsidepanelinautomotivesheetsoccupysmorethan15%.②Ahighemulationalpilotplantisusedasaproductdevelopingplatformtodevelopsuccessfullyautomotivesheetswith1000MPaandbelow.ItguaranteesthattheindustrialdevelopmentofDPandTRIPsheetsgetssuccessatatime.Itcoverscontinuousannealingsheetswithtensilestrength≤780MPaandgalvanizingsheetswithtensilestrength≤590MPa.③Individualdesignisusedtomeetspecialrequirementofcustomer.Shougangowns23innerbrandsofLCAKandIFsteels.Itinsuresthatthegradesofyieldstrengthcoverwholerangefrom120to270MPa.Itkeepsthestabilizationofsteelperformancebymeansofchemicalcompositioncontrolandhighaccuracyrollingtechnology.Forexample,thestrengthofsoftsteelfluctuateswithin±15MPa.④ThesteelsheetswithsurfacegradeO5areproducedsteadilybysolvingformingstr

简介：Inthispaper,abriefintroductiononclad-rollingheavysteelplatesof90mmand140mmthickispresented.Thesteelplateswerehotrolledby265mmslabsthatarecladdedbydouble135mmcontinuouscastingslabsofQ235steel.Afterhotrolling,interfaceofthecladdingslabscompletelydisappeared,revealinguniformgrainssimilartotherestofthematerials.Ultrasonictestswerecarriedoutonbothsteelplates,demonstratingexcellentresults.Throughthicknesstensiletestswerealsoimplementedonbothsteelplates,resultinginperfectmechanicalpropertiescomplyingwithspecificstandards.Theresultprovesthataminimumreductionrateof1.89isavailableinproducing140mmthicksteelplatewithexcellentthroughthicknessproperties.

简介：Productioncharacteristicsofhighspeedrodarefastspeed,complexsectionandinternalmicrostructureevolution,whichbringgreatproblemstoanalyzeandsolvethequalitydisputes.Therefore,aserialprocessmodelshavebeendevelopedbasedonthecharacteristicsofhighspeedrod:duetorodstocktobesquaresection,atwodimensionmodelhasbeendevelopedtopredicttheevolutionofinternaltemperatureandgraincoarsening.Asfortherodrollingprocess,anautomaticsectiondesignsystemhasbeenwritten,whichcanshowsectionfillingconditionandprocessparameterssuchastemperature,pressureandrecrystallizationetcperpass.Asforrodcoolingstage,anintegratedmodelwhichcoupledphasetransformation,temperatureandfinalpropertieswasdevelopedandappliedinrealproductionwithgoodresults.

简介：TheEuropeanstainlesssteelproducersgenerate20-30kgdustpertonofproducedstainlesssteel.ThedustformedduringvariousstagesoftheproductionprocesscontainsvaluablemetalssuchasCr,NiandMo.Ingeneralthisdustisconsideredasahazardouswaste.Ifnottakencareofthedustwillbeanenvironmentalriskcausingpotentialproblemssuchasleachingofheavymetalsintogroundwaterandpollutionoflandandair.Byapplyingtechniquesforrecyclingthedusttheproblemisminimizedandvaluablemetalsarerecoveredandre-usedasrawmaterialinthesteelmakingprocess,leadingtoasignificantreductionoftheconsumptionofnaturalresourcestodeceleratetheclimatechangeandensureasustainabledevelopment.OneofthebusinesssegmentsofBefesaZincS.L.U.,asubsidiarycompanyofAbengoa,istherecyclingofdustsandotherresiduescontainingnickel,chromiumandmolybdenumfromthestainlesssteelindustry.Thetechnologiesappliedaresubmergedarcreductionsmelting（BefesaValeraS.A.S.,Gravelines,France）andplasmareductionsmelting（BefesaScanDustAB,Landskrona,Sweden）.Stainlesssteelplantdusts,millscaleandotherresiduesaredeliveredinclosedcontainersandbigbagsbyship,railortruckandstored.Afterapreparationoftheresiduesandchargingintothepyrometallurgicalfurnace,themetalcompoundscontainedinthechargearereducedtometalsinthepresenceofthecarbonadded.AtBefesaScanDust,theregularlytappedliquidmetaliscastintheformofgranulesviatheGranshot?granulationprocess.Thegranulatedproducthasmanyadvantagessuchasexcellentpreheatingpropertiesandfastmeltingwhenaddedtoametallurgicalprocess.Thegranulessizeandshapealsomakesitverysuitabletohandlewithmostrawmaterialhandlingsystems.Bygranulatingtheso-calledalloyedpigiron（API）ahighmetallicyieldisachievedensuringmaximumrecoveryofmetalandlessnewdustgenerationcomparedtoacrushedmaterial.Thegranulesareredeliveredtothestainlesss

简介：TakingtheseamlesstubeplantofBaoshanIron&SteelComplexinChinaasthebackground,weanalyzethecharactersofhotrollingseamlesssteeltube:multivarieties,lowvolume,complicatedproductionprocess,flexibleproductionroutes.Thenintegratedschedulingproblemforhotrollingseamlesssteeltubeproductionisstudied,whichcoverstwokeypoints;order-groupingproblemandsolutionmethodforflowshop/jobshopschedulingproblem.Onthebasisofthesetwoproblems,integratedschedulingdecisionsystemisdeveloped.Thedesignidea,functionflowsheet,dataprocessingmethod,andfunctionalmoduleofvisualizedhuman-computerinteractiveschedulingsystemimplementedinseamlesssteeltubeplantofShanghaiBaoshanIron&SteelComplexaredescribedintodetail.Comparedwithmanualsystem,theperformanceofsystemshowstheapplicabilityandsuperiorityinseveralcriteria.

简介：CausesforcentralshrinkpipeofGCr15bloomswereanalyzed.Countermeasurestotacklewithsuchdefectwerepracticed,includingsuitablesecondarycooling,softreductionandcastingspeed,aswellasstrictsuperheatcontrol.Theresultsshowthatthequalityofbloomcastingsissignificantlyimproved.

简介：Oneofthepathwaysforachievingthegoalofincreasingtheefficiencyofcoal-firedpowerplantsandreducingtheemissionofpollutantsandCO2isbyimprovingthesteamtemperatureandpressure.Buttheincreaseofsteamparametersdependonthedevelopmentofnewhigh-temperaturemetalmaterials.ThispaperpresentedtheconstructivesuggestionsoncriticalmaterialsselectionforChina’snewgenerationof700℃cleanandhigh-efficiencycoal-firedboilerbysummarizingtheresearchanddevelopmentsituationofcriticalmaterialsforcoal-firedboilersoperatingat700℃/35MPaoftheEurope,JapanandUSA.

简介：PresentlytheironandsteelmakersarecompelledtoincorporaterationalinitiativestoreduceitsprocessingCO2totalemissions.Inthemediumandlongterm,theinjectionofsmallparticlesofbiocharthroughthetuyereesinblastfurnaces,herecalledBio-PCI,offersattractivefeaturesfromtheenvironmentalandmetallurgicalpointofview,asitisarenewablecarbonneutralreductantandpresentslesserimpuritiesthancoke.However,itsutilizationinironplantsisbeenhinderedbythetraditionallargeavailabilityofrelativelyeconomicalcoalandcoke.Asthecostoftheprincipalprocessinginputsincreases（coal,cokeandironore）thegapbetweenfossilandrenewablereductantsdecreases.Inthissense,ourcontributionaimstocomplementthemetallurgicalinquiryoftechnicalfeasibilitywithastrategicidentificationoftheareaswithbestprospectstobenefitsfromtheincorporationofBio-PCI:wherecanitflourish?.Ouranalysisleadstoindicatethatemergingcountriesinspecific,China,BrazilandIndia,areinaprimepositiontoincorporatetheBio-PCIastheysimultaneouslycomplywithagrowingironindustrybasedonblastfurnaces,andpossessanimportantpotentialforenergygenerationfromforestryresidues.

简介：Inrecentyears,manyNi-containingmaterialsmanufacturedfromlateritehaveplayedasignificantroleinsupportingtherapiddevelopmentofthestainlesssteelindustryinChina.Currently,pyrometallurgyisthemainprocessforlateritesmelting,whereblastfurnacesareemployedtomakeNi-containinghotmetal.Withtheaimofgivingsomereferencesformakinggooduseoflaterite,technicalandeconomicanalysiswasconductedinthispaper,basedonthediscussionofthekeytechnologiesofNi-containinghotmetalproductionwithlaterite(50.4%Fe)inblastfurnaces.

简介：TheIronmakingPlantofTangshanIron&SteelCo.Ltd.takescleanproductionasitsorientation.Itdecreasessilicontosmeltthroughincreasingtheenteringfurnacesinterratio,stabilizingcokequalitybytacklingkeyproblems,increasingcoalinjectionratio,aswellaskeepingtheblastfurnacesmoothrunningandsoon.Theenergyconsumptionofsinterworkingprocedurehasbeengreatlyreducedthroughoptimizingtheoreblenderstructure,enhancingthequalityoffuelandflux,increasingthequicklimeamount,reclaimingtheremainingheatoftheannuluscoolingsystemanddeepeningthemateriallayertosinter.Wehaveachievedtherepetitioneconomyandthesecondlyresourcehasbeenusedsyntheticallywithadvancedproducingtechnics.Theenvironmentaroundtheplanthasbeengreatlyimprovedbypreventing,monitoringandfatheringthemovingpollutionroot,atthesametime,theeconomyandenvironmentdevelopmentinphasehasbeengreatlyaccelerated.

简介：Differentrareearth(RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Y)andCumodifiednickelcatalystsforhydrogenproductionfrommethanedecompositionweresynthesizedbyasol-gelprocessandmethod.ThecatalystswerecharacterizedoranalyzedthroughBrumauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),X-raydiffraction(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM)techniques.Andthehydrogenproductionperformancewasalsoevaluatedbyafixed-bedandmicro-reactiontechniquewithCH4→C+H2asaprobereaction.Theresultsshowedthatrareearthmodificationhadplayedagreatrolefornickelcatalysts,forexample,smallernickelparticles,goodthermalstability,highactivity,etc.Lawasthebestadditiveamongrareearthmodification.TheSEMofrareearthmodifiedcatalystsshowedorderedflower-likestructureandrareearthmodificationmadethenickelparticlesmovetothesurfaceofcatalysts.Inaddition,theSEMofnano-carbonswasalsochangedbyrareearthmodificationwithlong,narrownano-carbonfibersortubesobtained.Solidcarbonformationwaspreventedbyrareearthmodification.

简介：Basedonthecharacteristicsofpicklingwastewaterinthecold-rollingproductionofstainlesssteel,anewprocessingroute,featuringsourcesludgereduction,wastewatertwo-stagetreatment,heavymetal-containedsludgeandcalciumsaltsludgeseparatingrecovery,wasproposed.Asshownbytheresearchresults,afterthetwo-stageprocesstreatment,theeffluentwatercansteadilyreachtheemissionstandards,thesludgeyieldcanbedecreasedbymorethan8%;withintheheavymetal-containedsludge,therecoveryratesofFe,CrandNicaneitherreachorsurpass95%,andthetotalcontentofFandScandroptoaround3%.Therefore,thesludgeinthefrontpartcanbeusedasferricdust.Inthecalciumsaltsludge,therecoveryrateofFcaneitherreachorsurpass85%,andthetotalcontentsofFe,CrandNicanfallbelow0.5%.Sothesludgeintherearpartcanbeusedasfluorgypsumorfluorite.Meanwhile,theresultsoftheanalysisonheavymetalsleachingtoxicityandmorphologicdistributionindicatethatthetwokindsofsectionalizedsludgearenotclassifiedashazardouswastes,whichhaveastablebehaviorandbetterutilizationvaluescomparedwiththeformermixed-sludge.

简介：Thedirectrollingprocessforhotstripproduction,wherethethinslabcasterisconnecteddirectlytothemill,hasgainedmarketsharerapidlybecauseofitsremarkableadvantagesintermsofenergysavingsandinvestmentcostovertheconventionalhotstripmills.However,theunquestionableadvantagesofthefirst-generationapplicationsofthisplantconceptalsoentailsignificantlimitationsbothinproductivityandsteelgradesthatcanbeproduced.Sincehisfirstpioneeringapplications,Danieliconsideredstrategicthedevelopmentofnewtechnicalsolutionsspecificallyconceivedtoovercometheselimitationswiththegoalofincreasingplantproductionvolumesandenlargingsteelgradeproductmix,inordertocoverthegapbetween'Conventionalmill'and'Thinslabcastingandrolling'processroutes.Inordertoreachthisgoal,DanielihasdevelopedacompleteportfolioofplantlayoutsadoptingThinSlabCastingandRollingtechnologies,eachofthemconceivedtoguaranteetheoptimalCAPEXandOPEXparametersinfittingwithmarketrequirementsourCustomerintendtotarget.intermsofproductivity,steelgradesandcoildimensionproductmix.DanieliTSR(ThinSlabRolling)fTSR(flexibleThinsSlabRolling)QSP(QualityStripProduction)andETR(ExtraThinRolling)plantconfigurationsareanalyzedinthispaper.Withthisdiversifiedapproach,Danielisolutionsaremostappropriateanswerstothinslabcastingandrollingtoproducehotrolledcoilswithsuperiorqualityandanextremelydiversifiedrangeofsteelgrades.Already,thisapproachhasallowedDanieliplantsto:①exceedthethresholdproductionof3.0Mt/awith2castingstrandsinoperationasdoneinTangshanIronandSteelplantinP.R.Chinasince2005;②expandtheproductmixtoincludevirtuallyallthesteelgradesusedforflatproductapplications,includingthemostdemandingones,suchasperitectic(inEssarAlgomaCanadaandBenxiIronandSteel,China),micro-alloyed,andsiliconsteels,forthemostsophisticatedapplications,