简介：根据国家有关标准规定，凡更新地形图，都必须以新的图幅编号方法表示。而第一代地形图一律以旧式图幅编号方法表示为了方便新旧图号的互相检索，本文介绍了有关互换的数学模型，列举了互换例子，并据此编制了互换程序软件，可供各有关生产单位和组织生产部门参考使用

简介：针对传统分类方法精度不高、感兴趣目标分类不理想等缺陷，采用多特征组合的支持向量机影像分类方法，利用颜色矩、颜色集和灰度共生矩阵进行特征提取，总体精度、Kappa系数和混淆矩阵作为评价指标对单一特征、组合特征的不同分类结果进行分析。实验结果表明，该方法有效地解决了单数据源分类不完整、精度低等问题，对高维输入向量具有较高的推广力。

简介：2012年7.21特大暴雨期间,香山街道公主坟15号院边坡出现垮塌并造成了破坏,边坡亟需治理。本文介绍了该边坡的基本特征,分析了边坡的变形情况及影响因素并确定了边坡的破坏模式,并选用瑞典圆弧法评价了边坡的稳定性。根据边坡的实际情况,选择了适于土质边坡防治的新型支挡加固措施一格构锚固工程,并辅以挡土墙工程及绿化工程,作为边坡治理的工程措施。

简介：Riverregulationandrivertraininghavebeenperformedforvariouspurposesandnegativeeffectshavebeenshowninnumerouscases.Insomecasesthenegativeeffectsaresoseriousthathumanshavetoconsiderto'renaturalize'theregulatedrivers.Onlybyusingthestrategyofintegratedrivermanagementthediverseriverusesandnaturalfluvialprocessesandecologicalsystemsmaybeharmonized.Basedonanalysisofcasestudiesanddatacollectedfromliteraturesthispaperpresentstheconceptofintegratedrivermanagementandfourprinciplesofrivertraining.Theintegratedrivermanagementcomprises:1)takingthewatershed,upperstreambasinincludingthetributaries,middleandlowerreachesandtheestuaryasanintegratedentityintheplanning,designandmanagement;and2)mitigatingorcontrollingthenegativeimpactsonhydrology,erosionandsedimentation,fluvialprocesses,landuseandriveruse,environmentandecologywhileinachievingeconomicbenefitfromwaterresourcesdevelopment,floodsafetymanagementandhydropowerexploitation.Rivertrainingandmanagementshouldbeinaccordancewiththefourprinciples:1)extendingthedurationofriverwaterflowingonthecontinent,whichmaybeachievedbyextendingtherivercourseorreducingtheflowvelocity;2)controllingvariouspatternsoferosionsandreducingthesedimenttransportationintherivers;3)increasingthediversityofhabitatandenhancingtheconnectivitybetweentheriverandriparianwaters;and4)restoringnaturallandscapes.

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简介：Overthepastthousandsofyears,humansocietyhasexperiencedevolutionfromtheprimitivecivilization,theagriculturalcivilization,theindustrialcivilizationandtotheecologicalcivilization,whichisahistoryfromlow-leveltoadvanceddevelopment.Thecoreoftheecologicalcivilizationis"respectingnature,complyingwithnatureandprotectingnature",whichisessentialtoharmoniousco-existencebetweenmanandnature.Thisharmoniousco-existencerequiresconstantlyimprovingsystemandmechanismforthedevelopmentofnationalspace,naturalresourceconservationandutilization,andecologicalenvironmentprotection,torealizethewin-winofresourcedevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection.Itisathousand-yearplafftoachieveecologicalcivilizationbasedonunifiedmanagementofnaturalresources.

简介：设计了基于资源三号卫星融合影像修测1∶5万地形图的方案。根据方案首先对试验区资源三号卫星影像进行正射纠正、影像融合等影像处理，然后将软件Mapstore用于资源三号卫星融合影像进行地形图修测，经过遥感影像目视解译、人机交互操作、后期编辑等处理，完成了1∶5万矢量地形图修测。试验结果表明，修测设计方案合理，资源三号卫星融合影像修测地图精度能达到国家成图规范要求，可用于1∶5万地形图修测。

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简介：Groundwaterisastrategicresourceduetoitsusuallyhighqualityandperennialavailability.However,groundwatermanagementallovertheworldoftenlackssustainabilityasevidencedbyfallingwatertables,dryingwetlands,increasingsea-waterintrusionandgeneraldeteriorationofwaterquality.Asgroundwatercannotberenewedartificiallyonalargescale,sustainablemanagementofthisresourceisvital.Anumberofscientifictoolsareavailabletoassistinhistask.Threeitemsarediscussedhere.Theyincludemethodsforthedeterminationofgroundwaterrecharge,groundwatermodelingincludingtheestimationofitsuncertainty,andthenterfacingtothesocio-economicfield.Generallythequalityofwatermanagementworkcanbelargelyenhancedwithnewtoolsavailable,includingremotesensing,digitalterrainmodels,differentialGPS,environmentaltracers,automaticdatacollection,modelingandthecouplingofmodelsfromdifferentdisciplines

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简介：作者在一个居住区域设计了一个生态的暴风雨水系统代替常规地下的隧道让暴风雨水的收集以便减少营养素，沉积排出。这个系统作为解除溢出到附近的溪，一条开的绿沟，一个存储池溏，和naturalsub溪的排水渠道包含自然亚溪。亚溪被设计集成于社区风景，它不仅增加水用法的效率，而且改进在议程21要求了的社区住处区域的美学质量。这研究为一个社区水系统的设计证明了一个开的暴风雨水集合和利用系统的可行性。

简介：Spatialdata,includinggeometricaldata,attributedata,imagedataandDEMdata,arehugeinvolumeandrelationsamongthemarecomplex.HowtoeffectivelyorganizeandmanagethosedataisanimportantprobleminGIS.SeveralproblemsaboutspacedataorganizationandmanagementinGeoStarwhichisabasicGISsoftwaremadeinChinaarediscussedinthispaper.Thepaperemphasizesonobjectmodelofspatialvector,dataorganization,datamanagementandhowtorealizethegoal,andthelike.

简介：AttheInternationalGeologicalCongressheldinFlorence,ItalyinAugust2004theIUGSCouncilapprovedtheformationofanewCommissiononGeoscienceforEnvironmentalManagement.ThisnewCommissionwasformedtocontinueIUGSactivitiesintheenvironmentfollowingtheclosureoftheIUGSCommissiononGeologicalSciencesforEnvironmentalPlanning(COGEOENVIRONMENT)whichhadcompleteditsterm(refertoseparatearticleinthisissue).

简介：2014年4月11日，河南省测绘地理信息局直属单位河南省地图院编制完成河南省人大领导工作急需的《京津冀地图》和《环渤海地区地图》。并及时送交到了河南省人大领导手中，充分体现了测绘地理信息部门为政府领导决策提供测绘服务保障的及时和有效性。

简介：高光谱影像包含有丰富的地物类别信息,但由于受分类方法等因素的限制,这些信息并不能得到充分的挖掘.组合分类器由于可以实现各分类结果信息的互补,因而总有着较各单分类器效果更好的分类性能.将组合分类方法引入到高光谱影像的分类实践中,并对组合的关键问题一组合规则进行探讨,提出了混合组合规则的概念.实验表明,利用该组合分类方法对高光谱影像进行分类,可以得到良好的处理结果.

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简介：TheThreeGorgesProjectisoneofthelargesthydro-projectsintheworldandhasdrawnmanydebatesinsideChinaandabroad.Themajorconcernisthatsedimentloadfromtheriverbasinmayeventuallyfailthefunctionsoftheprojectforfloodcontrolandpowergeneration.Toreducesedimentationinthereservoir,watershedmanagementhasbeenadopted.However,thereislimitedinformationregardingtheeffectivenessofvariouscontrolmeasuressuchasterracingandafforestationonawatershedscale.TheJialingRiver,amaintributaryoftheYangtzeRiver,contributesapproximately25%ofthetotalsedimentloadinthemainriverbutonlyrepresents8%ofthewholebasinarea.TherehavebeenvariouslandusepatternsandextensivehumanactivitiesforthousandsofyearsintheJialingRiverwatershed.BasedonanalysisofthemajorfactorsaffectingerosionintheJialingRiverwatershed,themainwatershedmanagementstrategies(afforestation,farmingandengineeringpractice)areillustrated,andtheireffectsonthereductionofsedimentandrunoffarestudiedindetail.Thesedimentbudgetofthewatershedshowsthat1/3ofthesedimentyieldistrappedbytheerosioncontrolmeasures(afforestationandfarming)ontheslope,1/3istrappedbythereservoirs,pondsanddamswithinthewatershed,andonlyabout1/3istransportedintotheYangtzeRiver,whichwillaffecttheThreeGorgesProject.