简介：-Accordingtobasicequationsoffluidmechanics,thispaperpresentsaunifiedvariationalprincipleoffluidmechanics(UVPFM)byusingtheoptimizationmethodofweightedresiduals(OMWR).Theadvantagesareasfollows,theestablishmentofthefunctionalandthevariationalprincipleiseasy,itcanchangevariousproblemsoffluidmechanicsderivedbybasicequationsintoaunifiedoptimizationproblem,andthesolutionistheoptimumoneinsomesense.AccordingtotheOMWRforthesolitarysubdomain,thispaperusesUVPFMontoanysolitarysubdomainandgivesthesolutionofthehydrodynamicsequationwhichissuitableonlyforthatsolitarysubdomain.AccordingtotheOMWRforsolitarypoint,thispaperusesUVPFMtoanysolitarypointandgivesthesolutionofthehydrodynamicsequation(pointsolution)whichissuitableonlyforthatsolitarypoint.Asthesolutionforthesolitarysubdomainorsolitarypointisdevelopedindependently,thecompatibilitywithothersubdomainorotherpoints,do

简介：在分数维的点模式在点过程当模特儿和参数评价的统计方法当模特儿之间的关系被考察。由使用RipleysK功能的簇分数维图形尺寸的统计评价与更通常使用的方法比较有优点数盒子并且因为它为边效果，不是仅仅为矩形的学习区域而且为学习区域改正，弄弯的边界由地区性的地质学决定了，聚类分数维的尺寸评价。申请对点模式的分数维的尺寸有的估计数盒子一般来说，它服从于相对强壮的滚边的劣势为更小的框完成。例如在这份报纸使用的点模式主要为在加拿大的盾上的Abitibi暴烈的带的金存款。另外，这被建议，全球podiformCr的本地点模式，巨大的硫醚和斑岩铜扔的volcanogenic，它不规则地空间地分布式在以内塑造了有利的道，与类似的分数维的尺寸满足分数维的聚类模型。存款尺寸(金属吨位)的问题也被考虑。几个例子Pareto分发在金属尺寸频率分发建模为最大的存款在提供好结果的盒子被提供。

简介：点集合归纳是在地图归纳的必要问题之一。在点集合归纳的要求分析上，这篇论文建议一个方法基于Kohonen网模型概括点集合；标准SOM算法被改进了以便保存原来的点集合的空间分发性质。例子说明那这个方法适合点集合的归纳。

简介：为激光雷达点云的一个新奇过滤算法被介绍，它能为复杂都市风景工作很好。没有以前的三角测量或rasterization，它的主要特征基于未加工的激光雷达点云正在过滤。3D在点之中的拓扑的关系被用来在断绝的顶寻找边点，它是关键信息认出赤裸的地球点和大楼点。实验结果证明建议算法能在赤裸的地球中保存不连续的特征并且没有尺寸的影响和大楼的形状。

简介：Thelinecartographicsymbollocatedontheboundaryandthepointcartographicsymbollocatedbysinglepointarethemainbodyandstressofthemap.Thecartographicsymbolsaredividedintopoint,lineandareasymbolincartographyandtraditionaleducationalbooks,butuptonowthereisonlyqualitativedescriptionaboutthethreekindsofsymbols,therearenotthemathematicaldefinitionsofpoint,lineandareasymbols.Thispapertriestosolvetheproblem.Theauthorsproposethemathematicaldefinitionaboutpoint,lineandareacartographicsymbolaccordingtothetheoryoftopologyandexpoundtheirdependencerelation.

简介：ThispaperdiscussestheapproachesforautomaticalsearchingofcontrolpointsintheNOAAAVHRRimageonthebasisofdatarearrangementintheformoflatitudeandlongitudegrid.Thevegetationindextransformationandmulti-levelmatchingstrategieshavebeenproveneffectiveandsuccessfulastheexperimentsshowwhilethecontrolpointdatabaseisestablished.

简介：Thepaperfirstintroducestheconcepts,methodandrecentdevelopmentofWebGIStechnology,thendiscussesthefunctionalityandapplicationprospectofWebGISinthefieldofseismologicalstudy,finallythepapergivesapresentationonapplicationofWebGIStoseismologicalstudyandconstructsaWebGISinformationsystemforseismologicalstudybyusingGIScomponentMO/MOIMS.ThesystembasedonBrowser/ServerarchitecturecanimplementsthesharingofspatialdataandGISapplicationsandpartlycollaboratingwork.ThisWebGISsolutionhasimportantsignificanceforseismologicalstudyanddeservestofurtherresearch.

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简介：Thispaperpresentsfatiguecharacteristicanalysisofadeepwatersteelcatenaryriser(SCR)underambientexcitations.TheSCRinvolvescomplexnonlineardynamicbehaviors,especiallyatthetouchdownpoint(TDP)wheretheriserfirsttouchestheseafloor.Owingtothesignificantinteractionwithsoil,thetouchdownzoneisdifficulttobemodeled.BasedonLumped-MassmethodandP-ycurve,nonlinearspringsareusedtosimulatetheSCR-seabedcoupledinteraction.Incasestudies,anSCR'sdynamicfeatureshavebeenobtainedbytransientanalysisandthestructurefatigueassessmenthasbeencarriedoutbyS-Napproach.ThecomparativeanalysisshowsthattheTDPisthekeylocationwheresoil-riserinteractionrisessteeplyandminimumfatiguelifeoccurs.Parameterssuchasoceanenvironmentloads,vesselmotions,risermaterialandgeometricparametersarediscussed.Theresultsindicatethatthevesselmotionistheprincipalfactorforthestructurefatiguelifedistribution.

简介：ThispaperprovidesasyntheticreviewofresearchesonMeishanSectionD,theGlobalStratotypeSectionandPointofthePermian-TriassicBoundary(PTB).Thehistoryofresearch,geographicandgeologicalsettingofthesectionarebrieflyintroduced.Changhsingianto'Griesbachian'conodontandammonoidzonations,themostperfectPermo-Triassiczonationsovertheworld,arepresented,withashortdiscussionontheageofOtoceras.TheChanghsingianto'Griesbachian'strataaresubdividedintothree3rdordersequences,andthesedimentarystructureofeachsequenceisindicated.ThepaperpresentsacorrelationoftheChanghsingianto'Griesbachian'magnetostratigraphyoftheMeishansectionwiththegeneralscale,andinformedthenegationofashortmagneticreversalatthePTBsuggestedbyZhuandLiu(1999).Recentdevelopmentsofchemostratigraphyofδ13Candδ34Sareintroduced,especiallythediscoveryofmorethanonenegativeδ13CexcursionsacrossthePTB.Twoimportantmolecularresearchesrevealtheprofoundchangesatthebaseofeco-system,themicrobialcatastrophy,andtheeuxinicconditionsinthephoticzoneduringthePermian-Triassicsuperanoxicevent.ThepaperreportsthechangesindatingtheageofPTBsince2001.Accordingtorecentachievements,theageofvolcanogenicclaybed25,14cmbelowthePTB,isnowsetat252.4±0.3Ma.Adiscussionontheeventostratigraphyconcludesthat,althoughthereisamajoreventepisodeatbeds25-26,theeventsacrossthePTBatMeishanaremulti-episodicandcommencedpriortotheEventBeds25-26,thusthepossibilitythatthemassextinctionwasmainlyinducedbyanexterrestrialimpactislargelyexcluded.

简介：静态、运动学的testings被使用IGS5min，30年代和5s间隔调查在精确的点放的精确卫星钟产品(PPP)答案。测试结果证明IGS卫星钟的采样率在静态的PPP答案上有很小的效果。精确卫星钟的采样间隔的所有三种类型能满足放精确性的公里厘米水平；更高的采样率没为PPP答案有重要改进。然而，卫星钟的采样率在运动学的PPP在PPP答案上有重要影响。越高卫星钟的间隔，精确性完成了越多更好。运动学的PPP的精确性完成了由用30s间隔，精确卫星钟被使用精确卫星钟和30s间隔卫星钟能几乎生产的5min间隔被将近3050%关于答案改进运动学的答案的一样的精确性。而且，从不同分析中心的精确卫星钟产品的使用可以也差不多在PPP答案上生产效果。

简介：河Usri的四曲邻侧沙洲的形态学和生长模式，比哈尔省，印度乘飞机被学习表格在季风前后印射二～三连续的年。在计划，所有这些酒吧是在有下游的尾巴的形状的crescentic。酒吧的中央部分比他们的二结束宽。酒吧表示沉积的脱衣的总数旁边地增加了。举起等高线由突然地切在二邻近的脱衣的连接界定单个脱衣。在横向的侧面，脱衣表演在上面作为步的系列。尽管这个斜坡被这些步打断，酒吧的一般斜坡向邻近的隧道。在3尺寸，所有这些酒吧在下游的结束附近展出雪崩脸。在这张雪崩脸上的酒吧的纵向剖面类似于不均匀的涟漪的侧面，是的庇护脸这张雪崩脸。越过雪崩脸的沟揭示与在个人以内的粒子大小的阶段跨层化跨阶层，类似于在移植涟漪前面产生的特征。当全部酒吧被淹没时，所有这些特征建议曲邻侧沙洲是在高洪水期间下游地移居的大涟漪(宏床形式)。SEPM床形式分类也记录沙丘是有比100m和比5m大的高度大的波长的床形式。亲戚的方程是从Chézy和曼宁方程由Sundborg(个人通讯)锻炼身体排出，被使用了在曲邻侧沙洲建立在相对分泌物和沉积的相对体积之间的一种关系。

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简介：Thispaperaimsatareviewoftheworkcarriedouttodateontheadjointassimilationofdatainmarineecosystemmodelssince1995.Thestructureandfeatureoftheadjointassimilationinmarineecosystemmodelsarealsointroduced.Toillustratetheapplicationoftheadjointtechniqueanditsmerits,a4-variableecosystemmodelcoupledwitha3-DphysicalmodelisestablishedfortheBohaiSeaandtheYellowSea.ThechlorophyllconcentrationdataderivedfromtheSeaWiFSoceancolourdataareassimilatedinthemodelwiththetechnique.Someresultsarebrieflypresented.

简介：Thisstudyshowscrossholeseismictechnologycanoffernotonlyimagesofcrossholetomography,butalsoreflectsectionsofhighresolution.Properprocessingofcrossholeseismicreflectdataproducesahighqualitysectionbetweentwowells.Thinbeds,faultsandothergeologicphenomenacanbefoundclearlyinthissection.Sodetailedreservoirdescriptioncouldbeformedtoguidetheoilfielddevelopmentplan.Meanwhile,crossholetechnologycanbedirectlyusedtomonitortheprocessofoilfieldinjectionandenhancedoilrecovery,soithasawidescopeofusageinoilfielddevelopment.

简介：ExperimentalstudieshavebeenconductedontheacousticeffectsofKLEIN-510subbottomprofilerfordifferentsedimentarylayersinestuaryandbayareas.Sedimentarylayerboundariescanberecordedclearlyandcontinuouslybythisinstrumentandthencomparedwiththeresultsfromdrillingcorestorevealsomevariationsofsedimentaryenvironments.Withthisinstrument,theaveragedepositratecanbedeterminedandthebed-rockbeneaththeseabottomcanbefoundout.

简介：Inthispaper,wereviewthecreation,evolutionandapplicationofwetlanddefinitions.VaryingwetlandsarefoundfromthetundratothetropicsandoneverycontinentexceptAntarcticaintheplanet.Wetlandshavemanydistinguishingfeatures,themostnotableofwhicharewaterpresence,uniquesoilconditions,andbiotathatareadaptedtoortolerantofsaturatedsoils.Manywetlanddefinitionshavebeendevelopedbyscientists,U.S.federalagencies,andtheRamsarConventionforbothscientificandregulatorypurposes.Wetlandsarenoteasilydefinedbutawell-conceived,science-baseddefinitionofwetlandsisimportantforscientistsandresourcemanagerstounderstandthenatureofwetlandsand/ortouseandprotectwetlands.Ascientificdefinitionisthebasisforwetlandclassification.Developinganeffectivewetlandclassificationsystemrequiresawell-conceived,science-baseddefinitionandclearlyexplicitguidanceontheappropriateuseofvariouswetlandindicatorstoverifythepresenceofwetlandsontheground.Basedonawell-acceptedwetlanddefinition,bothwetlandclassificationandinventoryfurtherprovideneededinformationandaworkingframeforwiseuseandmanagementofwetlands.

简介：Thispaperproposestheprincipleofcomprehensiveknowledgediscovery.Unlikemostofthecurrentknowledgediscoverymethods,thecomprehensiveknowledgediscoveryconsidersboththespatialrelationsandattributesofspatialentitiesorobjects.Weintroducethetheoryofspatialknowledgeexpressionsystemandsomeconceptsincludingcomprehensiveknowledgediscoveryandspatialunioninformationtable(SUIT).Intheory,SUITrecordsallinformationcontainedinthestudiedobjects,butinreality,becauseofthecomplexityandvarietiesofspatialrelations,onlythosefactorsofinteresttousareselected.Inordertofindoutthecomprehensiveknowledgefromspatialdatabases,anefficientcomprehensiveknowledgediscoveryalgorithmcalledrecycledalgorithm(RAR)issuggested.

简介：Greatearthquakesoftenoccuralongornearactivefaultbelts.Thus,monitoringandresearchonfaultdeformationarequiteimportant.Methodssuchasshort-leveling,shortbaselineandintegratedmonitoringprofileacrossfaultbeltshavebeenusedtomonitorfaultactivitiesformanyyears.GNSSobservationsaremainlyusedtoobtainthehorizontalvelocityfieldinlargeareasandtostudytheactivitiesanddeformationofmajorblocks.GNSStechnologyhasbeenusedtomonitorandstudythedeformationoffaultsfromadifferentaspects.Inthispaper,someapplicationsandnewexplorationsofGNSSarediscussed.Theyare:(1)Researchandmonitoringofstrike-slipactivitiesoffaultswithGNSS.(2)ResearchandmonitoringofverticalactivitiesoffaultswithGNSS.(3)Investigatingthelawsofdeformationofblocksonthesidesoffaultzoneandsettingupstrainmodelstodeducetheactivitiesanddeformationoffaultswithrespectivemodelsandcomparethededucedresultswiththeactualmeasurementsacrossfault.Itisconcludedthatalargerdiscrepancybetweenthededucedandtheobserveddeformationindicatesastrongerinteractionbetweentheblocks,whichcanbeimportantforpredictingthelocationofastrongearthquakeandassessingseismichazard,aswellastheseismicitytrend.

简介：为从吵闹的点云当模特儿的自动道路表面的一个计划被介绍。点云的正常向量被本地飞机的距离加权的适合估计。然后，从噪音的道路表面的自动识别基于正常向量，平均值与是计算的模糊聚类被执行，点云的投射飞机被创造因此获得几何模型。基于归因各指的紧张的模糊聚类，道路表面上的不同目标为代表丰富的外观被分配不同颜色。这个无指导的方法在重建并且显示更好的道路表面在实验和表演伟人有效性被表明。