简介:以闽江河口感潮段塔礁洲野慈姑(SagittariatrifoliaL.)淡水湿地为研究对象,2015年12月—2016年10月每月小潮日定期向试验样地施加0、60和120kgS·hm-2·a-1的K2SO4溶液,探讨闽江河口感潮段淡水湿地CO_2排放通量特征对SO_4~(2-)沉降的响应,并同步观测主要环境因子。结果表明,1)对照(CK)和2个SO_4~(2-)沉降处理CO_2排放通量具有相似的月变化动态,夏秋季节排放通量较高,冬春较低。2)除夏季60kgS·hm-2·a-1的SO_4~(2-)输入显著降低CO_2排放通量外(P〈0.05),2种SO_4~(2-)处理均未显著影响河口感潮段淡水湿地CO_2排放通量(P〉0.05)。3)相关分析显示,不同处理下的CO_2排放通量与土壤温度显著正相关(P〈0.01)。
简介:<正>1IntroductionTheundergroundbrineresourcesdistributingwidelyinSichuanBasin,Chinahavedrawnworldwideattentionduetotheirunusualelementabundanceandexcellentquality.
简介:Phosphorus(P)fractionationandsorptionbehaviorwerestudiedinthesedimentsoftwocalcium-sulfate(Ca-SO4:Ca2t170mgL-1;SO42-400mgL-1)waterreservoirsinthesoutherncentralArgentineAndes-ElCarrizalReservoir(ECR),whichstratifiesinsummerandElNihuilReservoir(ENR),whichisverticallymixedthroughouttheyear.Sedimentsizeclassesreflectedthelithologyofbothbasinsandthereservoirsrelativelocation:ECR(downstreamfromavalleyadjacenttoamountainenvironment)hadhigherclayproportionswhilethesandfractionwasmoreimportantinENR(justnexttoamountainenvironment).Inbothreservoirs,thechemicalcompositionrevealedlowalterationandcalciumenrichment.TotalPcontentwasrelativelyhigh(1.1-1.6mgPkg-1dryweight)asexpectedfromthecontributionofmarineformations.PfractionationwasdominatedbyCa-P(ECR,69%andENR,63%)followedbyorganic-P(23%)insummer-anoxicECRandbyiron/aluminum(Fe/Al)-P(27%)inoxicENR.BatchexperimentsshowedthatsorptionbehaviorinECRhadatypicalLangmuirisothermplotwhileinENRthatmodelfittedonlyatlowdissolvedPvalues(o5mgPL-1)andco-precipitationevidencewasobservedathigherPconcentrations.ItisproposedthatlowerFe/Al-Pcontentinanoxic(ECR)vs.oxic(ENR)sedimentsresultsfromthePreleasedfromiron-boundphosphorusduetosulfatereduction-ferroussulfideformationinananoxicenvironment.ThisconditionshouldenableECRsedimentstoadsorbPintofreshoxidizediron,andENRsedimentstoco-precipitatePwithcalciumduetoFe/Al-Psaturation,asobservedinbatchexperiments.ThispaperconstitutesthefirstdescriptionofphosphoruscontentanddynamicsinreservoirsedimentsinaridcentralwesternArgentina,wherewatersulfateconcentrationsarenaturallyhighduetobasinlithology.
简介:利用实施北京市奥运空气质量保障计划"北京市与周边地区空气污染物的输送、转化及北京市空气质量目标研究"项目的有利时机,于2007年1月15~27日在中国科学院大气物理研究所北京站、香河站和兴隆站,采用先进的差分吸收光谱仪(DOAS)和SO2气体分析仪取得了高质量SO2浓度的连续观测资料,同时还获取了相应的常规气象资料和系留气艇探测的常规气象参数廓线资料。分析和讨论了北京及其周边地区的SO2污染的变化过程特征、日变化特征、输送特征、源排放特征以及与天气过程和气象条件的紧密联系。研究表明:1)北京站、香河站和兴隆站的SO2浓度逐日变化明显,变化趋势一致,通常处于同一个天气系统控制之下,SO2污染呈现区域性分布特征。2)冬季SO2浓度日变化明显,夜晚最高,15时(北京时)最低。3)SO2浓度与大气稳定度、风速、风向密切相关,风速越小、大气越稳定,SO2浓度越高;当吹西南风时,SO2浓度升高,西北风时浓度明显降低。4)HYSPLIT后向轨迹数值模拟结果和OMI卫星反演表明周边地区的SO2长距离输送对站点的贡献不能忽视。
简介:利用中国科学院大气物理研究所北京325m气象塔气象要素和污染物浓度观测资料,采用气体干沉降阻力模型,对奥运会前后北京行政区内SO2和NO2的干沉降影响因子、干沉降速率、干沉降通量进行数值模拟。结果表明:1)随着大气稳定度、太阳辐射强度和下垫面类型的改变,北京SO2和NO2的干沉降速率有明显变化,表面阻力是影响气体干沉降速率变化的主要因子。2)SO2和NO2在白天的干沉降速率及通量普遍大于夜晚。3)静稳天气条件下,奥运会前北京地区一天可清除24tSO2和55.2tNO2,奥运会期间一天可清除10.8tSO2和50.4tNO2,这说明北京及周边地区的减排措施对改善奥运会期间的空气质量效果显著。
简介:Thegrowth,biochemicalcontentandbioaccumulationquantityof2,2’,4,4’-tetrabromodiphenylether(BDE-47)inSkeletonemacostatumwerestudiedunderdifferentN:Pratios(1,4,16,64and128).AllcellularbiochemicalcontentsofS.costatumpresenteddecreasingtrendovercultivationtime.Atearlystageofcultivation,thecellularprotein,carbohydrateandlipidinS.costatumpresentedhighervaluesintreatmentsofN:P=4and16.However,theywerelowerinthesetreatmentsatthelatestage,buthigherintreatmentsN:P=1and128.Similarly,BDE-47levelspercellofS.costatumwerehigherintreatmentsofN:P=4and16atearlystageofcultivation,whichwere3.8and3.7ng(106cells)-1,respectively.Atthemiddlestageofcultivation,theBDE-47levelperS.costatumcelllowered;anditfurtherreducedinthetreatmentsofN:P=4and16atthelatestagewiththevalues0.6and0.5ng(106cells)-1,respectively.However,itroseinN:P=128,reachingupto2.3ng(106cells)-1.ComparedwithBDE-47percell,BDE-47peralgalvolumeunderdifferentN:Pratiosdidnotpresentobviousdifference.ThequantityBDE-47accumulatedpercellofS.costatumwaspositivelycorrelatedwithprotein,carbohydrateandlipidpercell;meanwhile,theBDE-47pervolumehadapositivecorrelationwithbiochemicalcontentpervolume.ThevariationofbioaccumulationabilityofBDE-47inS.costatumcanbeexplainedbybiochemicalchangesduetoN:Pratios.
简介:Thispaperpresentsthedetaildesignconditions,designcriteriaandmethodsaswellasdesignconclusionsoftheprocess,structureandcorrosionoftheproductionflowlinesandhighpressurewaterinjectionlinesinBZ34-2/4oilfieldinBohaiBay.AtpresentthisdesignrepresentsthedesigncapabilityandlevelinthefieldofthesubmarinepipelineengineeringofChina.
简介:选取三江平原典型沼泽湿地——毛苔草沼泽,通过人工施加氮肥和磷肥来模拟农田污水排入沼泽湿地后,沼泽植物对污水的净化效果。从植物营养吸收角度进行野外实地污水净化模拟研究,对植物直接吸收利用的营养成分NH4^+-N、PO4^3--P进行了测试分析。研究表明毛苔草沼泽对水中的NH4^+-N、PO4^3--P的净化随时间的推移呈现明显的指数衰减下降趋势,随着氮、磷含量的增加,沼泽湿地对污水净化逐渐变慢,净化所需时间增长,曲线数值方程模拟效果较好。
简介:A2m~3isothermalcloudchambermainlyforicenucleationresearchisdescribedinthispaper.Itsstructure,attachedinstrumentsandexperimentalproceduresarealsopresented.TheexperimentsofdeterminingtheicenucleieffectivenessfortheAgl-containingaerosolsproducedbythreeformulationshavebeenconductedandtheresultshavebeencomparedwiththoseoftheCSU960-literisothermalcloudchamber.Allexperimentalresultsshowthatthechamberhasadvantagesofstableperformanceandreproducibility.Itwouldbeexpectedtobecomeausefulexperimentalfacilityforicenucleationresearch.
简介:渤中34-2/4油田位于渤海南部海域,属于中低孔-低渗、特低渗储层,采用普通射孔作业时,聚能射孔弹射孔后形成射孔压实带,严重影响油井产能。结合该油田储层特点,采用外置式复合射孔技术对低孔、低渗地层进行补孔增产作业。该技术是一种新型复合火药射孔技术,由起爆、传爆、聚能射孔、气体压裂、井下做功数据实时采集系统,以及地面数据处理系统组成,具有动态超正压破缝的特点,施工作业前采用模拟技术软件优化射孔方案,施工过程中采用井下高速压力计实时监测压力变化,施工后采用三维声波测试仪检测施工效果。在BZ34-2/4-B7井现场应用表明,该技术对低孔、低渗储层改造效果显著,日产液由2~4m3提高到28m3,且作业简单,安全可靠,可为海上同类储层的开采提供借鉴。
简介:Fouriertransformedinfraredspectrometry(FTIR)and27AlMagicAnglespinning(MAS)nuclearmagneticresonancespectroscopywereemployedtocharacterizearsenateadsorptiononamorphousAlgelswithKegginstructureatpH=4–10.Thesestudieshaveproventhat:thesurfacecomplexspeciesofarsenateshowsignificantdifferencesunderacidicandalkalineconditions,whichwasdeducedbasedontheAs-Ostretchingvibrationbandslocatedrespectivelyat774and870cm-1;poorlycrystallineAl13(orAl)-arsenateprecipitationcouldbeeasilyformedunderacidmediumconditionandhighloadinglevel,whichwassupportedbycomparingtheAs-Ovibration(at≈732cm-1)ofprecipitationtoadsorbedAlgels;arsenate(AsO43-)adsorptionhasnoeffectontheKegginstructureofAlgelswithbasicity(R)=2.6and3.0,evenathighloadinglevel,asevidencedbythesignalat≈63×10-6ofmagicanglespinning(MAS)-27AlNMR.Theadsorptionenvelopewasdeterminedbyconventionalbatchexperiments.
简介:Inthispaper,accordingtotheresultsofthesatelliteimageryinterpretationandfieldinvestigation,westudytheactivefeaturesandthelatestactivetimesoftheChuxiong-Nanhuafault,theQuaternarybasinsformationmechanism,andtherelationshipbetweenthefaultandthe1680ChuxiongMs6%earthquake.SeveralQuaternaryprofilesatLvhe,NanhuarevealthatthefaulthasoffsetthelatePleistocenedepositsoftheT2andT3terracesofLongchuanriver,indicatingthatthefaultwasobviouslyactiveinlateQuaternary,TheChuxiong-NanhuafaulthasbeendominatedbydextralstrikeslipmotioninthelateQuaternary,withanaveragerateof1.6-2.Omm/a.SeveralpullapartQuaternarybasinsofChuxiong,Nanhua,andZiwuetc.havedevelopedalongthefault.The1680ChuxiongMs6%earthquakeandseveralmoderateearthquakeshaveoccurrednearthefault.TheChuxiong-Nanhuafaultaretheseismogenicstructureofthoseearthquakes,thelatestfaultmovementwasinthelate-Pleistocene,andeventheHolocene.Inlargearea,theChuxiong-NanhuafaultandtheeasternQujiangfaultandtheShipingfaultcomposedasetofNW-trendingobliqueorientationactivefaults,andthemotioncharacteristicsareallmainlydextralstrikeslip.Themotioncharacteristics,liketheredriverfaultoftheSichuan-YunnanRhombicBlocksouthwesternboundary,areconcernedwiththeescapingmovementoftheSichuan-YunnanRhombicBlock.