简介：阐述了LIGA技术的组成及特点。对LIGA工艺掩膜、X射线光刻、电铸及塑铸等进行了朱理分析。用一次成型法制作了以聚酰亚胺为衬基、以Au为吸收体的X射线光刻掩膜。简单介绍了这种掩膜的制作工艺过程，并用这种掩膜在北京电子对撞机国家实验室进行了同步辐射X射线光刻，得到了深度为500μm，深宽比达8．3的PMMA材料的微型电磁马达联轴器结构。给出掩膜和X射线光刻照片。同时，对Au、Ni等金属材料的厚膜电铸进行了工艺研究。

简介：Characteristicsofiontemperaturemeasuredwithcharge-exchangerecombinationspectroscopy（CXRS）werestudiedinOhmic,lower-hybrid-wave（LHW）drivenandion-cyclotron-resonance-frequency（ICRF）heatedplasmasinHT-7.TheresultsindicatethatthecentraliontemperatureTi0followstheone-thirdpowerlawintheproductofcentralline-averageddensityneandplasmacurrentIpinOhmicdischargesandisthereforeconsistentwiththeArtsimovichscalinglawTi0=K·（Ip·Bt·ne·R2）1/3.ItisshownthatthereisanappreciableincreaseofiontemperatureduringtheoperationwithbothLHWandICRFandthattheincrementofiontemperatureinthoseshotsismainlyduetotheenergytransferviacollisionsbetweenionsandelectronsratherthatbydirectheatingoftheions.

简介：SawtoothcontrolexperimentswereperformedonHT-7withalimiterconfigurationandontheExperimentalAdvancedSuperconductingTokamak(EAST)withadoublenullcon-figuration.Thesawtoothperiodcanbemodifiedbylowerhybridwave(LHW)andioncyclotronresonancefrequency(ICRF).Differentsawtoothbehaviorwasobservedwiththesameplasmadensity,LHWpowerbutdifferentplasmacurrentsonHT-7.TherewasadwelltimebetweenLHWaddedandthesawtoothstabilizationonHT-7whilethesawtoothstabilizationimmediatelyhappenedwhenLHWpowerwasinjectedonEAST.Thepossiblemechanismofthesawtoothcontrolisdiscussedinthispaper.Alltheexperimentalresultshaveprovedthatpowerdepositionoftheradiofrequency(RF)shouldbethekeyfactorforsawtoothcontrol.

简介：

简介：Experimentsonlowerhybridwave(LHW)couplingwereinvestigatedintheHT-7tokamak.GoodcouplingofLHWplasmahasbeendemonstratedatdifferentconditionsintheHT-7tokamak.RelevantresultshaveprovedthatLHW-plasmacouplingisaffectedbythephasedifferencebetweenadjacentwaveguides.Furthermore,theedgedensityaroundthegrillandrelevantcouplingcanbeadjustedbychangingtheplasmalineaveragedensityorthegapvaluebetweentheLHgrillandthelastclosedfluxsurfaces(LCFS).ItisfoundthatthecouplingofLHWsbecomespoorwhentheedgedensityaroundtheLHgrillislargeenoughintheHT-7tokamak,andthatcouplingremainsgoodwithaproperedgedensity.WithincreasingLHWpower,itisalsofoundthatthereflectioncoefficients(RCs)increaseduetonon-lineareffectsunderconditionsoflowedgerecycling,butcandecreaseunderhighedgerecycling.Theedgedensitydependsmainlyonthecompetitionbetweentheponderomotiveforce(PMF)andtheedgerecyclingintensityintheHT-7tokamak.

简介：SawtoothactivityonHT-7tokamakhasbeeninvestigatedexperimentallymainlybyusingsoftx-raydiodearrayandmagneticprobes.Theirbehaviorsandoccurrencesarecorrelatedcloselytothedischargeconditions:theelectrondensityNe,theelectrontemperatureTe,thesafetyfactorqaonplasmaboundaryandwallconditionetc.Whencentralline-averagedelectrondensityNe(0)isover2.0×1013cm-3,majorsawtoothactivityemergeswithaperiodofupto6.5msandafluctuationamplitudeofupto2～30%ofSXRradiationsignal.Insomecasessuchasthesafetyfactorbetween4.2～4.7andZeff=3.0～6.0,amonstersawtoothactivityoftenemergeswithoutapparentdeteriorationofplasmaconfinementandwithoutmajordisruption.Duringtheseevents,abundantMHDphenomenaareobservedincludingpartialsawtoothoscillations.Inthispaper,theobservedsawtoothbehaviorsandtheirdependenceontheandtheirdependencedensityNeandwallconditioninohmicallyheatedplasmaareintroduced,theresultsarediscussedandpresented.

简介：TheICRF(IonCyclotronRangeFrequency)cleaningtechniquehasbeenusedasaroutinewallcleaningmethodintheHT-7superconductingtokamak.Inawiderangeoftoroidalfield,thcremovalrateofresidualgasbyICRFcleaningwasabouttwentytimeshigherthanthatofglowdischargecleaning(GDC).AtdifferentgaspressureandRFpowerlevels,theICRFcleaningisstudiedcarcfully.Agoodimpurityclcaningeffectandaveryhighhydrogenremovalratewereobtained.Theremovalrateofhydrogenby5kWICRFcleaningachievedwas1.6×10-5Torr.1/s.AndtherelationshipsamongpressureP,outgassingrateQ,atomiclayersLabsorbedonsurfaceandthecleaningmodewerediscussedbriefly.

简介：Thispaperreportsforthefirsttimeanexperimentalstudyonthepowerdepositionprofileoftheioncyclotronrangefrequencies(ICRF)powerdepositingonelectronsinHT-7.ThefastFouriertransform(FFT)analysisandthebreakinslope(BIS)methodareutilizedtoobtaintheinformationofthepowerdeposition.Theresultsindicatethattheelectronswereheateddirectly,andtheelectronsabsorbedaround20%oftheinputpowerofthedischargeofinterest.

简介：Togetanoptimizedpulsedelectricalplasmadischargereactorandtoincreasetheenergyutilizationefficiencyintheremovalofpollutants,twohybridplasmadischargereactorsweredesignedandoptimized.Thereactorswerecomparedviathedischargecharacteristics,energytransferefficiency,theyieldsoftheactivespeciesandtheenergyutilizationindyewastewaterdegradation.TheresultsshowedthatunderthesameACinputpower,thecharacteristicsofthedischargewaveformofthepoint-to-platereactorwerebetter.UnderthesameACinputpower,thetworeactorsbothhadalmostthesamepeakvoltageof22kV.Thepeakcurrentofthepoint-to-platereactorwas146A,whilethatofthewire-to-cylinderreactorwasonly48.8A.Thepeakpowersofthepoint-to-platereactorandthewire-to-cylinderreactorwere1.38MWand1.01MW,respectively.Theenergyperpulseofthepoint-to-platereactorwas0.2221J,whichwasabout29.4%higherthanthatofthewire-to-cylinderreactor（0.1716J）.Toremove50%AcidOrange7（A07）,theenergyutilizationsofthepoint-to-platereactorandthewireto-cylinderreactorwere1.02×10-9mol/Land0.61×10-9mol/L,respectively.Inthepoint-toplatereactor,theconcentrationofhydrogenperoxideinpurewaterwas3.6mmol/Lafter40minofdischarge,whichwashigherthanthatofthewire-to-cylinderreactor（2.5mmol/L）.Theconcentrationofliquidphaseozoneinthepoint-to-platereactor(5.7×10-2mmol/L)wasabout26.7%higherthanthatinthewire-to-cylinderreactor(4.5×10-2mmol/L).Theanalysisresultsofthevarianceshowedthatthetypeofreactorandreactiontimehadsignificantimpactsontheyieldsofthehydrogenperoxideandozone.ThemaindegradationintermediatesofA07identifiedbygaschromatographyandmassspectrometry（GCMS）wereaceticacid,maleicanhydride,pbenzoquinone,phenol,benzoicacid,phthalicanhydride,coumarinand2-naphthol.Proposeddegradationpathwayswereelucidatedinlightoftheanalyzeddegradationproducts.

简介：DedicatedexperimentsintheHT-7tokamakwereperformedtoinvestigatethein-fluenceoferosionanddepositiononthemirrorsamples.Thefirstmirror(FM)samplesmadeofpolycrystalline(PC)stainlesssteel(SS),molybdenum(Mo)andtungsten(W)werefixedonaholderatanangleof45withrespecttothehorizontalplaneandsetatdifferentlocationswithdifferentconnectionlengthsalongthemagneticfield.Theopticalreflectivityofthefirstmirrorwasmeasuredbyaspectrophotometerbeforeandafterplasmaexposure.Itwasfoundthatthesurfacemorphologyandspecularreflectivityofthemirrorsamplesaftertheexposureweredifferentwithrespecttothedifferentdistancesfromthemirrorsurfacetothelastclosedfluxsurface(LCFS)oftheplasmainthetokamak.Itwasalsofoundthatshorteningtheconnectionlengthbeforethemirrorsurfacewouldweakentheinfluenceoftheplasmaerosionandimpuritydepositiononthemirrorsurface.Inordertomaintaintheopticalcharacteristicsofthemirrorsurface,itisnecessarytoadoptthein-situcleaningandmirrorprotectiontechniques.

简介：Inlowerhybridcurrentdrive(LHCD)experimentsinHT-7,LHwavecoupledtotheplasmafrom12klystronsislaunchedbyaphasedmulti-junctiongrill.Highpowermicrowavereflectionorarc,whichthreatenstheklystrons,thewave-guideceramicwindowsandthevacuumofthetokamak,occursometimesduringtheexperiments.Forthesakeofsafety,ahighpowermicrowavetestsystemtoperformsimulationswasdeveloped.Inthetestexperiments,theklystronandwindowcanbewellprotectedwithanoptimizedmicrowavemonitorandaPINswitch.ThelayoutofthetestsystemandthesimulatedexperimentsforHT-7aredescribedinthispaper.

简介：

简介：APlasmaSurfaceInteraction(PSI)experimentonChinaLowActivationMarten-sitic(CLAM)steelwasdonetocheckifCLAMsteelcouldbeusedasaPlasmaFacingMaterial(PFM).Aspecimenwithadiameterof45mmwasexposedto897shotsofdeuteriumplasmaswithatotaldurationof712secataminorradiusof30cminHT-7tokamak.Duringtheexpo-sureexperiment,noobservableinfluencewasfoundonplasmaperformance.Afterexposure,thesurfaceofthespecimenseemedassmoothasbeforebutwithsomecolourchangeatthemarginofthespecimen.Eventhoughsomemicro-damage,suchasdenseblisters,melting,splashing,depositions,anddust,wasfoundonlocalsurfaceswithScanningElectronMicroscopic(SEM)observation.Thereflectivityofthespecimendecreasedonlyslightly.AlloftheseshowsCLAMsteelhasgoodstabilityandirradiationresistance.Withfurtheroptimization,itcouldpossiblybeusedasthefirstmirrormaterialforplasmadiagnosticsintokamaks.

简介：

简介：Inthiswork,aplasma-solutionsystemwasappliedtothedegradationofAcidOrange7(A07).Theeffectsofinitialconcentrationandtypeoffeedgases(air,oxygen,nitrogenorargon)werestudied.Astheinitialconcentrationincreasedfrom100mg/Lto160mg/L,thediscolourationrateofA07decreasedfrom99.3%to95.9%,whereastheCODremovalratedecreasedfrom37.9%to22.6%.AirprovidedthebestdiscolourationandCODremovalrates(99.3%and37.9%,respectively).Inthepresenceofazero-valentiron(ZVI)catalyst,theA07CODremovalrateincreasedto76.4%.ThedegradationproductswereanalysedbyaGC-MS,revealingthatthedegradationofthedyemoleculewasinitiatedthroughthecleavageofthe-N=N-bondbeforefinallybeingconvertedtoorganicacids.

简介：

简介：利用金刚石压砧高压装置（DAC），对Ca3Mn2O7的粉末样品进行了高压能散X射线衍射实验。结果表明，由于岩盐层易被压缩，在压力作用下层状钙钛矿结构锰氧化物Ca3Mn2O7的结构不稳定。在0－35GPa压力范围内，Ca3Mo2O7晶体结构发生了两次相变。在1．3GPa左右，由原来的四方相变为正交相，在9．5GPa左右，又由正交相向新的四方相转变。

简介：

简介：

简介：本文通过高分辨X射线衍射及掠入射(GID)的实验方法对生长在SrTiO3衬底上的LLa2/3Ca1/3MnO3和YBaCu3O7单层膜及YBa2Cu3O7-x/La2／3Ca1／3MnO3异质结构双层薄膜的微结构进行了研究。结果发现，所有薄膜都呈c向生长。由于热膨胀系数的不同而引起的热应力使得LCMO膜的晶格参数与靶材的相差较大。La2/3Ca1/3MnO3在单层腹及双层膜中都由靶材的立方结构变成了薄膜状态的四方结构。YBa2Cu3O7在单层膜及双层膜中都由靶材的正交结构变成了薄膜状态的四方结构。La2/3Ca1/3MnO3膜与YBa2Cu3O7膜在不同的样品中处于不同的应力状态。