简介：青光眼是全球第二大致盲眼病,是不可逆性盲最主要原因,而原发性闭角型青光眼（primaryangleclosure[1]glaucoma,PACG）是我国最主要的青光眼类型。原发性闭角型青光眼（PACG）的发病机制复杂。PACG发病的主要危险因素是晶状体位置偏前、前房变浅而导致的瞳孔阻滞。此外,周边虹膜肥厚以及睫状体位置前移也是PACG发病的常见危险因素。

简介：目的比较面神经垂直段CT定位和解剖定位。方法15例开颅取脑后的颅底标本，对面神经管垂直段至外耳道后壁、外耳门后缘、颈静脉窝外侧壁与前壁水平之间距离进行直接测量，并与64层螺旋CT测量进行比较。结果尸骨直接测量与CT测量结果分别是（3．01±0．65）mm与（3．09±0．68）mm，（10．98±1．72）mm与（10．98±1．64）mm，（3．99±1．23）mm与（3．91±1．17）mm，（8．32±1．86）mm与（8．24±1．92）mm；两种方法测量值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论CT测量方法可靠，测得值可信。CT扫描有助于明确诊断。

简介：目的：分析不同年龄段干眼症患者睑板腺情况。方法：选取2015-11/2016-04就诊于我院的干眼症患者301例598眼,按年龄分为8组,分别为A~H组。应用眼表综合分析仪检查各组干眼症患者睑板腺腺体缺失情况、腺体形态变化、睑板腺开口阻塞及睑酯情况,分析比较各组之间的睑板腺变化规律。结果：所有患者均有不同程度睑板腺腺体缺失,各组之间腺体缺失面积比较,差异有统计学意义（χ~2=336,P〈0.05）。A组腺体数目无减少,B~H各组之间腺体数目减少比较,差异有统计学意义（F=36.4357,P〈0.05）。腺体形态从40岁开始逐渐变细,其与年龄呈反相关。睑板腺开口阻塞情况及睑酯的性状,各组之间无明显差异。结论：眼表综合分析仪能客观精准地检查出干眼症患者的睑板腺情况,提供不同年龄段干眼症患者睑板腺变化规律的量化结果,为干眼症的病因诊断提供判断依据,指导临床治疗。

简介：患者男性,66岁.因进食梗咽1个月于2001年1月入院.胃镜检查示距门齿15～20cm处菜花样新生物,中央区缺损,质硬,占管腔1/2.GI示食管上段管壁增厚,最厚处2cm管腔狭窄,无胸水征.

简介：目的：分析眼压控制稳定的晚期青光眼术后1a内在不同血压段时视野进展情况。方法：记录晚期青光眼眼压正常患者的舒张期血压及眼压值,并分别做视野检查,通过AGIS评分法判断病程的进展。结果：随访1a,各试验组平均随访眼压值比较无差异;各组视野受损进展率有差异,血压偏低组视野受损进展比较快。结论：低血压是晚期青光眼病程中的危险因素之一。晚期青光眼患者如舒张期血压过低,视野有恶化趋势。

简介：分泌性中耳炎临床多见,虽经反复咽鼓管吹张、鼓膜置管等治疗,仍有复发的顽固病例。本研究发现分泌性中耳炎患者其咽鼓管鼓口直径较正常狭小,提示可能与难治性分泌性中耳炎存在一定关系。本研究结果在顽固性分泌性中耳炎中没有发现咽鼓管骨性段骨质增生现象。

简介：目的分析常年性变应性鼻炎的狗、猫上皮变应原皮肤点刺试验的阳性结果，对其他气传变应原的反应性，并进一步探讨环境接触与其相关性。方法总结1022例常年性变应性鼻炎患者采用阿罗格叶7种气传变应原标准化试液进行的皮肤点刺试验；分析狗、猫上皮变应原的皮试结果及合并其他气传变应原阳性的比例；并根据是否有环境接触分类，比较各组在阳性率分布上的差异。结果常年性变应性鼻炎中狗上皮变应原皮试阳性占13．80％，猫上皮阳性占6．95％；且98％以上合并其他气传变应原阳性，尤以合并粉尘螨、屋尘螨阳性居多。其中21．93％和26．32％环境接触狗／猫的变应性鼻炎相应狗／猫上皮变应原皮试阳性；无环境接触组的阳性率分别为12．78％和6．58％，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论常年性变应性鼻炎的狗上皮及猫上皮的阳性率位居前列，其中绝大多数合并其他气传变应原阳性。鉴于环境接触对狗、猫上皮过敏的高危险性，变应性鼻炎患者应该尽可能地避免饲养、接触宠物。

简介：AIM:TotrainTibetanmonkey(Macacathibetana)forintraocularpressure(IOP)measurementinconsciousstateandobtainnormalIOPinconsciousTibetanMacaque.·METHODS:Thetrainingwasbasedonaward-conditionedbehavior.Foodstimulationandhuman-animalinteractionwereusedinthistraining.·RESULTS:TrainedTibetanmonkeyscalmlyacceptedIOPmeasurementbytheTonoVet?誖reboundtonometerwithoutsedationoranesthesiaandtheirIOPvaluesweresimilartootherprimates.·CONCLUSION:Human-cultivatedThibetanmonkeysaretamable,andcanbeusedforbiomedicalresearchsuchasophthalmicresearchwithoutanesthesia.

简介：目的：分析最小量节段性外垫压手术治疗复杂原发性视网膜脱离的效果和手术并发症。方法：回顾性分析2006-10/2008-10在西安市第四医院眼科住院的、接受最小量节段性外垫压术治疗的连续的复杂原发性孔源性视网膜脱离76例。复杂原发性孔源性视网膜脱离限定为裂孔位于两个及两个以上象限,玻璃体视网膜病变分级在C1～C2。最小量节段性外垫压术是指仅限于裂孔区的节段性外垫压,联合前房穿刺放房水,术后裂孔周围激光凝固。分析其发病年龄、病程、手术前后视力、视网膜脱离范围、裂孔数目、裂孔形态、一次手术复位率、再次手术复位率、再次手术率及术后并发症,并行统计学处理。结果：患者发病年龄平均31.92（19～62）岁,平均病程为7.40（2.0～36.5）mo,视网膜脱离象限平均为3.33个,平均裂孔数量为3.43（2～7）个。手术后视力提高的患者为48例,一次手术复位率是84%（64/76）;再次手术复位率是93%;再次手术率为38%。术后并发症包括：术后短期复视3例,短期高眼压12例,黄斑水肿2例,共17例。结论：和文献资料比较,以最小量手术治疗复杂原发性视网膜脱离可以取得与环扎手术同样的解剖及功能复位,但是再次手术率较高。强调手术适应证选择的重要性。

简介：AIM:ToevaluatetheefficacyofSeprafilmtransplantationfollowingadhesiolysisforpreventingpostoperativereadhesionandimprovingsurgicaloutcomes.METHODS:Primaryblepharoplastywascarriedoutonbotheyelidsof18albinorabbits.After2weeks,anewskinincisionwasmade,andadhesiolysiswasperformedonbotheyelids.Therabbitswerecategorizedintotwogroups,onewithadhesiolysisaloneinthelefteyelid(controlgroup),andtheotherwithadhesiolysiswithaSeprafilmgraftintherighteyelid(Seprafilmgroup).Thedegreesofinflammationandfibrosiswereexaminedwithhematoxylin-eosin(HE)andMasson’strichromestains.Expressionofα-smoothmuscleactin(α-SMA)wasalsoimmunohistochemicallyexamined.RESULTS:Eyelidexaminationimmediatelyaftertheoperationrevealedmildswellingandhemorrhageinbothgroups,butthesesymptomsresolvedafter1week-2weeks,andeyelidshapehadrecoveredcompletelyinbothgroups.MicroscopicassessmentsdemonstratedthattheSeprafilmgroupshowedlessinflammationandfibrosisthanthecontrolgroup.TheSeprafilmgroupalsoexhibitedfewerα-SMA-positivecellsthanthecontrolgroup.CONCLUSION:Basedonthesefindings,weconcludethatSeprafilmgraftwithadhesiolysisisaneffectivemethodforpreventingpostoperativereadhesionsaftereyelidsurgery.

简介：·AIM:Toinvestigatethetherapeuticeffectsofnanophtha-locyaninephotosensitizersonanexperimentalratchoroidalneovescularization(CNV)model,aswellastoevaluatethecytotoxicityofwhichonhumanretinalpigmentepithelia(HRPE)andhumanretinalendothelialcells(HRECs).·METHODS:Twotypesofphotosensitizers,G1-ZnPc(COOH)8andG1-ZnPc(COOH)8/mrespectively,wereadministratedforphotodynamictherapy(PDT)afterasuccessfulestablishmentofCNVmodelonBrown-Norway(BN)ratsviafundusphotocoagulation.Thetherapeuticeffectsofthetwodrugswereassessedthroughopticalcoherencetomography(OCT),fluoresceinfundusangiography(FFA)andtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM).Forcytotoxicitytests,cellcountingkit-8(CCK-8)assaysandchangesofmitochondrialtransmembranepotential(△Ψm)wereconductedonHRPEandHRECsafterinitialuptakeofthetwodrugs.·RESULTS:Bothphotosensitizersdemonstratedanimprove-mentofvascularleakageandclosureofCNV1weekafterPDTasconfirmedbyfundusimage,OCT,FFAandTEM.TwoweeksafterPDT,G1-ZnPc(COOH)8/mshowedabetterCNVclosureeffectversusG1-ZnPc(COOH)8(P<0.05).Asignificantdifference(P<0.01)wasfoundinuptakeofthetwodrugsinHRPEandHRECs,withnodifferencebetweenthedrugs(P>0.05).BothphotosensitizersshowedcytotoxicityonHRPE,butG1-ZnPc(COOH)8/minducedalowercellviability.·CONCLUSION:G1-ZnPc(COOH)8/mmediatedPDTisbetterthanG1-ZnPc(COOH)8inCNVclosureandalsohavetheadvantageoffastmetabolismleadingtolesssideeffect.·

简介：目的通过超声乳化白内障吸除术对不同年龄段老年患者角膜内皮的影响的观察,探讨年龄和角膜内皮功能的相关性。方法不同年龄段的年龄相关性白内障患者（排除眼部其他疾患和糖尿病全身病）78例（83眼）,分为66岁以下、66-73岁、74-84岁、85岁以上四个年龄组,给予超声乳化白内障吸除手术治疗,以非接触眼科专用角膜内皮镜,测量手术前后角膜内皮细胞的数量,对手术前后角膜内皮的减少数值进行统计分析。结果同组术前、术后角膜内皮细胞减少有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,各组间因手术影响的减少值之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论高龄老年患者角膜内皮对手术损伤的敏感性高,术前应对角膜内皮细胞的功能评估应结合年龄段重新评估。

简介：AIM:ToevaluatetheeffectofCollagencross-linkingonthepreventionofmeltinginrabbitcorneasafteralkaliburn.·METHODS:TwentyNewZealandwhiterabbitswererandomlydividedintomodelcontrolgroupandcollagencross-linkingtreatmentgroup.Thesecondgroupofrabbitsreceivedcollagencrosslinkedtreatment.Bothgroupswereappliedwithantibioticeyedropstopreventinfection.Thecorneaswereevaluatedformelting,opacity,pathologicalandimmunohistochemistry,recordthechangeswhen28daysaftertheanimalswerekilled.·RESULTS:Inthecontrolgroup,6outof8rabbitsshowedcornealmeltingafterinjury(14±4)days,whiletwocornealperforated.Incollagencross-linkingtreatmentgroup,onerabbitshowedcornealmeltingafterinjury23days,withoutcornealperforation;cornealdissolutionratebetweenthetwogroupswassignificantlydifferent(P<0.05).Pathologicalexaminationsuggestedthatinthetreatmentgroup,mildcornealedema,milddamagetocollagenfibers,inflammatorycellinfiltrationwassignificantlylessthanthecontrolgroup.Immunohistochemistryshowedthatcornealcollagenfibersarrangedinneatrowsinthecontrolgroup.·CONCLUSION:Collagencross-linkingtreatmentnotonlycanpreventanddelaythecornealmeltingafteralkaliburn,butalsocanreducethedestructionofcornealcollagenfibersandinfiltrationofinflammatorycellsinthecornealtissue.

简介：·AIM:Toexploretheeffectofimmunizationwithcopolymer-1(COP-1)andretinalstemcells(RSCs)transplantationoninterferon-gamma(IFN-γ)levelsinaratexperimentalglaucomamodel.·METHODS:Anexperimentalglaucomawasinducedbyargonlaserphotocoagulationoftheepiscleralveinsandlimbalplexusintherighteyeofrats.Immediatelyfollowingglaucomainduction,ratswereimmunizedwithCOP-1.RSCswereculturedandtransplantedintravitreallyintotheeyesofglaucomamodelanimals1weekpost-lasertreatment.Sixexperimentalgroupswereused:COP-1/RSC,PBS/RSC,COP-1/PBS,PBS/PBS,glaucomamodelgroup,andanormalcontrolgroup.TheconcentrationofIFN-γinaqueoushumor(AH)andserumwasmeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)ineachofthesixgroups.Retinalganglioncell(RGC)survivalwasassessedbyquantifyingapoptosisusingHoechststaining.·RESULTS:ConcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumofratsthathadundergoneglaucomainductionwerehigherthanthoseofnon-inducedcontrolrats.TheconcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCstreatedgroupweredeterminedtobe2371.9ng/Land710.9ng/L,respectively,whichweresignificantlylowerthanthoseintheothertreatedgroups(P<0.05).Infact,IFN-γlevelsinthedualtreatedgroupwerereducedtobackgroundlevels.TheCOP-1/RSCgrouphadlowernumberofapoptoticRGCsthantheotherthreeexperimentalgroups(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:ThereducedlevelsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCgroupmayberelatedtosynergisticeffectsbetweenRSCstransplantationandCOP-1immunemodulation.ItislikelythatthelowerlevelsofIFN-γpreventedRGCsglaucomatousapoptosis.·