简介：AIM:ToidentifythegeneticdefectinaChinesefamilywithbilateralprogressivechildhoodposteriorcataract.METHODS:Atwo-generationfamilywasrecruitedinthisstudy.Familyhistoryandclinicaldatawererecorded.AllreportedcandidategenesassociatedwithcongenitalposteriorcataractwerescreenedbydirectDNAsequencing.·RESULTS:Allaffectedindividualspresentedposterioropacitiesinthelens.Directsequencingofthecandidategenesshowedaheterozygousc.2668C>TvariationinEPHA2gene,whichresultedinthereplacementofargininebycysteineatcodon890(p.R890C).Thismutationwasfoundintwoaffectedindividuals,butwasnotobservedin200normalcontrols.·CONCLUSION:Wereportanovelmutation(p.R890C)intheEPHA2receptortyrosinekinasegene.ThefindingexpandsthemutationspectrumofEPHA2inassociationwithposteriorcataract.

简介：我国著名眼科学家、中国共产党党员、国务院政府特殊津贴获得者、四川大学华西医院眼科罗成仁教授因病不幸于2014年7月3日4时19分逝世，享年91岁。

简介：·AIM:Toexploretheeffectofimmunizationwithcopolymer-1(COP-1)andretinalstemcells(RSCs)transplantationoninterferon-gamma(IFN-γ)levelsinaratexperimentalglaucomamodel.·METHODS:Anexperimentalglaucomawasinducedbyargonlaserphotocoagulationoftheepiscleralveinsandlimbalplexusintherighteyeofrats.Immediatelyfollowingglaucomainduction,ratswereimmunizedwithCOP-1.RSCswereculturedandtransplantedintravitreallyintotheeyesofglaucomamodelanimals1weekpost-lasertreatment.Sixexperimentalgroupswereused:COP-1/RSC,PBS/RSC,COP-1/PBS,PBS/PBS,glaucomamodelgroup,andanormalcontrolgroup.TheconcentrationofIFN-γinaqueoushumor(AH)andserumwasmeasuredbyenzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay(ELISA)ineachofthesixgroups.Retinalganglioncell(RGC)survivalwasassessedbyquantifyingapoptosisusingHoechststaining.·RESULTS:ConcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumofratsthathadundergoneglaucomainductionwerehigherthanthoseofnon-inducedcontrolrats.TheconcentrationsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCstreatedgroupweredeterminedtobe2371.9ng/Land710.9ng/L,respectively,whichweresignificantlylowerthanthoseintheothertreatedgroups(P<0.05).Infact,IFN-γlevelsinthedualtreatedgroupwerereducedtobackgroundlevels.TheCOP-1/RSCgrouphadlowernumberofapoptoticRGCsthantheotherthreeexperimentalgroups(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:ThereducedlevelsofIFN-γinAHandserumoftheCOP-1/RSCgroupmayberelatedtosynergisticeffectsbetweenRSCstransplantationandCOP-1immunemodulation.ItislikelythatthelowerlevelsofIFN-γpreventedRGCsglaucomatousapoptosis.·

简介：眩光是很常见的现象,也是引起车祸以及视觉疲劳一个重要因素.偏振照明系统可以过滤对面的偏振光,增加会车时司机的视力范围以及分辨力,完美解决夜间会车的失能性眩光.而对于日常生活中常见的反射性眩光,偏振眼镜可以过滤反射形成的平面偏振光,得到清晰的视觉.

简介：近视性屈光不正已成为眼科最常见的疾病之一,且发病率呈逐年上升趋势,其中高度近视是常见的致盲病因。一般认为近视的发生、发展是由基因遗传和环境因素共同作用的结果。目前对近视的治疗和预防的方法主要包括光学矫正、药物干预和手术干预。如何通过有效的预防方法来降低近视的患病率是当今眼科领域研究的热点和难点。

简介：自从1984年卫生部成立全国防盲指导组,将防盲工作列入了国家卫生工作项目以来,全国范围内的防盲治盲工作已历经20年。在各级政府的领导、有关部门的配合以及广大医务工作者的共同努力下,我国的防盲治盲及白内障手术复明工作取得了较大成就。笔者在中华医学眼科学会防盲学组、卫生部及中国残联有关防盲组织的领导下,在赵家

简介：AIM:Toexaminetheexpressionofsurvivinandvascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF)duringthedevelopmentofretinalneovascularization(NV)inamousemodel.·METHODS:Awell-characterizedmurinemodelofretinalNVwasusedtostudytheexpressionofsurvivinandVEGF.NVoftheretinawasinducedinmicebyexposureto75%O2frompostnataldayP7toP12,followedbyreturntoroomairfromP12toP17.ExpressionofsurvivinandVEGFproteinwasanalyzedbyImmunohistochemistry.Inaddition,mousemodelofproliferativeretinopathywasanalyzedbyretinalfluoresceinangiographyandquantificationanalysis.·RESULTS:Thenormalmicehadbothsuperfiekalanddeepvascularlayersthatextendedfromtheopticnervetotheperiphery.Inintraocularpressure(IOP)micewerecharacterizedbyrepresentatypicalpatternofpathologicalretinalNV.Therearelessorlittlenucleiofnewvesselsvascularendothelialcellbreakingthroughtheinnerretinalthaninretinopathyofprematurity(ROP)mice,largeclustersofbloodvesselswereadherenttotheinternallimitingmembrane(ILM)(0.27±0.20vs23.38±1.027,t=9.454,P<0.001).DuringtheangiogenicperiodfromP13toP17,survivinandVEGFproteinexpressionincreasedinexperimentalretinascomparedwithcontrolsamples(2.56±0.46vs3.34±0.40,t=17.43,P<0.01:2.18±0.75vs4.34±0.25,t=19.61,P<0.01).ProteinlevelsofVEGFandsurvivnhassignificantlypositivecorrelation(P<0.05,r=0.411).·CONCLUSION:CorrelationwasmadeattheproteinlevelsofsurvivinexpressioncomparedwiththatofVEGFinamurinemodelofretinalNV,whichsuggestsatemporalroleforsurvivinandVEGFinnewvesselformationinresponsetohypoxicstimulation.

简介：透明质酸酶结构复杂，功能特殊，具有多种生物学活性。作为透明质酸的专一性水解酶存医学和生物学领域有广泛的研究和应用。近年来透明质酸酶在眼科手术局部麻醉，白内障及其并发症、青光眼、玻璃体视网膜疾病等方面的基础研究和临床应用报道很多，并有部分涉及甲状腺相关眼病等疾病的治疗应用情况：现将透明质酸酶基本性质及其在眼科应用的进展作一综述。

简介：糖尿病视网膜病变（diabeticretinopathy,DR）是糖尿病最严重和最常见的微血管并发症之一,也是一种世界范围内主要的致盲性眼病。其发病机制相当复杂,目前尚未完全明确。经典理论包括多元醇代谢异常、糖基化终产物的形成增加、蛋白激酶C的活化、氧化应激等。近年来,随着分子生物学的发展,分子基础研究已成为目前DR发病机制研究的焦点和热点。目前已知与DR有关的细胞因子有VEGF,IGF-1,bFGF,TNF等。多种细胞因子通过信号转导系统形成复杂的网络系统,引起新生血管生成,破坏血-视网膜屏障等多种改变,从而导致DR的发生发展。本文就细胞因子表达异常与DR的关系进行综述。

简介：AIM:Toestimatetheprevalenceandriskfactorsforvitreousfloatersinthegeneralpopulation.·METHODS:Anelectronicsurveywasadministeredthroughasmartphoneappaskingvariousdemographicandhealthquestions,includingwhetherusersexperiencefloatersintheirfieldofvision.Multivariatelogisticregressionanalysiswasusedtodetermineriskfactors.·RESULTS:Atotalof603individualscompletedthesurvey,with76%reportingthattheyseefloaters,and33%reportingthatfloaterscausednoticeableimpairmentinvision.Myopeswere3.5timesmorelikely(P=0.0004),andhyperopes4.4timesmorelikely(P=0.0069)toreportmoderatetoseverefloaterscomparedtothosewithnormalvision.Floaterprevalencewasnotsignificantlyaffectedbyrespondentage,race,gender,andeyecolor.·CONCLUSION:Vitreousfloaterswerefoundtobeaverycommonphenomenoninthisnon-clinicalgeneralpopulationsample,andmorelikelytobeimpairinginmyopesandhyperopes.

简介：AIM:TodiscusstheimpactofLyciumBarbarumPolysaccharide(LBP)andDanshensupurifiedfromTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)onvascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF)ofrabbitswithretinalneovascularization.METHODS:Fortyrabbitsweredividedintonormalcontrolgroup,modelcontrolgroup,LBPgroupandDanshensugroup.Animalsinthenormalcontrolgroupwerefedinthenormaloxygenenvironment.Animalsintheotherthreegroupswereputintotheenvironmentwith70%oxygenfor5daysinordertobuildthemodelofoxygen-inducedvascularproliferationretinopathy.AndthendifferentTCMextractwasinjectedintotheabdominalcavitiesoftheseannimals.After7days,theVEGFcontentofintheserumofrabbitwasmeasuredbydoubleantibodysandwichmethod.RESULTS:DataanalysisindicatedthatVEGFcontentwasasfollows:Danshensugroupwaslowerthanmodelcontrolgroup(12.92±3.84ng/Lvs19.32±4.15ng/L,P<0.05);LBPgroupandnormalcontrolgroupwerelowerthanmodelcontrolgroup(12.92±3.84ng/L,9.26±1.61ng/Lvs19.32±4.15ng/L,P<0.01);totalbloodviscosity,plasmaviscosity,cholesterolcontent,fibrinogencontentandtriacylglycerolcontentafterperitonealinjectionofLBPandDanshensuwereobviouslylowerthanbeforeinjection.CONCLUSION:TCMextract-LBPandDanshensucanprominentlyreducethecontentofVEGFintheprocessofvascularproliferativeretinopathyofrabbit;canpreventtheoccurrenceofretinalmicrovasculardiseasebyimprovingpartialoxygen-deficientenvironmentoraffectingallkindsofnewgrowthfactor.

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethepossiblerelationshipbetweentheinfluencingfactorsoccurringbeforeandduringbirthinfull-terminfantsandtheoutcomeofretinopathy.·METHODS:Totally816full-terminfantsadmittedintheneonateintensiveunitofBoaiHospitalofZhongshanbetween1May,2008and30June,2011wereincludedinthestudy.Fundusexaminationwasperformedandevaluatedindividuallyonthemattheageof48hoursafterdelivery,2weeksand1month.Somepossibleriskfactorshappeningprenatallyorduringdeliverysuchaspregnantrelatedhypertension,placentaprevia,placentalabruptionetc,aswellassomeneonatalriskfactorssuchasneonatalasphyxia,hypoxic-ischemicencephalopathy(HIE),lowbirthweightetc,wererecordedandevacuated.Thentheeffectoftheriskfactorsoffull-terminfantsonretinopathywasstudied.·RESULTS:Theincidenceofretinalhemorrhageoffull-terminfantswithprenatalpregnantrelatedhypertension(PRH)ofthemother(43.6%)wassignificantlyhigherthanthatoffull-terminfantswithout(8.0%).(P<0.001).Theincidenceofretinalhemorrhageoffull-terminfantswithneonatalasphyxiaand/orhypoxic-ischemicencephalopathy(HIE)(29.3%)wassignificantlyhigherthanthatofthosewithout(15.7%),butcorrelationwasnotfoundbetweentheseverityofretinahemorrhageandthedegreeofhypoxicdisease.Apalecolorofopticdiscwasassociatedwithalowbirthweightoffull-terminfant.Full-terminfantswithbirthweighlessthan2500ghadasignificanthigherincidenceofretinopathythanthosewithbirthweightequalormorethan2500g(P<0.001).·CONCLUSION:Themaininfluencingfactorswhichleadtoretinopathyofhighriskfull-terminfantsareprenatalfactorssuchasPRH,andsomeneonatalriskfactorssuchasasphyxia,hypoxic-ischemicencephalopathy,andlowbirthweight.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheregulationofEaf2proteininmouselenscellsapoptosisinducedbyultraviolet(UV)radiation.METHODS:AneyeofEaf2geneknockoutmiceornormalcontrolmicewasexposedtoUVradiation,andtheotheronewasnon-exposed.AlloflenseswereanalyzedbyTUNELandcaspase3activityassaystodeterminethedifferenceoftheapoptosisinducedbyUVradiation.Inaddition,exposedandnon-exposedlenseswereanalyzedbyquantifiedp53expressionandreal-timereversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)ofBax,Bid,Apaf-1,PumaandNoxa,tocompareEaf2geneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmice.RESULTS:UVradiationcausedapoptosisoflenscellsinnormalcontrolmiceandEaf2knockoutmice.Activityofcaspase3wassignificantlyhigherinnormalcontrolmicethanEaf2knockoutmice.Expressionofp53proteinwassignificantlyhigherinlensesexposedtoUVradiationthannonexposedlenses,butwassimilarbetweenEaf2geneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmiceinthesameUVcondition.AfterexposingtoUVradiation,theanalysisofreal-timeRT-PCRdemonstratedthatmRNAlevelsofPumaandNoxaweresignificantlyhigherinlensesofnormalcontrolmicethanEaf2geneknockoutmice,andthatmRNAlevelsofBax,BidandApaf-1werenotsignificantlydifferentbetweengeneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmice.CONCLUSION:Eaf2increaseslenscellsapoptosisinducedbyultravioletradiation.AndEaf2up-regulatesexpressionofthePumaandtheNoxatoactonlenscellsapoptosisafterUVradiation.

简介：AIM:Tostudyclinicalfeaturesandgenemutationswithinthepaired-likehomeodomaintranscriptionfactor2(PITX2)geneinapedigreeofbilaterallimbaldermoids.METHODS:Completeeyeexaminationshavebeenperformedoneachindividualofthefamily.Exonsofpaired-likehomeodomaintranscriptionfactor2(PITX2)wereamplifiedbypolymerasechainreaction,sequenced,andcomparedwithareferencedatabase.RESULTS:Wedescribedthephenotype,clinicfindingsinafamilywithtwoaffectedmembers.Themassesoftheproband’seyeswereexcisedsurgicallydemonstratingadermoidcystbyhistopathologicalexamination.NomutationwasdetectedinthegenePITX2inthispedigree.CONCLUSION:Afamilyoflimbaldermoidcystwasreported.Inaddition,nopathogenicsequencevariationswerefoundinPITX2,indicatingthatthisphenotypeinthisfamilyisadistinctiveentity.

简介：儿童盲的诊治是视觉2020的优先治疗区域,因为视力障碍的孩子们将面对的是长达一生的失明。全球各种研究表明,有1/3到1/2的儿童盲是可避免或者可治疗的,白内障是可治疗儿童盲的首位病因。

简介：沙眼是由沙眼衣原体感染所致的一种传染性角结膜炎,目前在世界57个国家流行。1998年世界卫生组织（WorldHealthOrganization,WHO）将2020年全球消灭致盲性沙眼（globalalliancetoeliminateblindingtrachomaby2020,GET＆nbsp；2020）列为其防盲工作的主要目标之一。世界卫生组织制定了辨认和命名沙眼的简化分级系统及以社区干预为基础的防治沙眼的SAFE策略,此后10余年各国对此策略进行了不断推广、执行,目前世界上沙眼的流行趋势较之此前有了一定的变化,我国也启动了“计划2016年前在中国根治致盲性沙眼”的防盲工作。本文就SAFE策略推广以来沙眼诊断、治疗及流行趋势等方面的进展做一综述。

简介：AIM:Toinvestigatethetreatmentstatusandprognosisofspace-occupyinglacrimalglandlesionsatonetertiaryeyecenterinChina.·METHODS:Aretrospectiveclinicalstudywasperformedon95patientswithspace-occupyinglesionsofthelacrimalglandsurgicallytreatedattheEye&ENTHospitalofFudanUniversityfrom2003to2007.Thereviewedclinicaldataincludedage,gender,sideofthelesion,durationofsignsandsymptoms,histopathologicaldiagnosis,treatmentmodality,recurrence(local,regional,anddistantmetastasis)andsurvival.·RESULTS:Ofthe95cases(99eyes),pleomorphicadenomaswerethemostcommonlesions(43cases),followedbylymphoiddisorders(14),inflammatorypseudotumors(11),carcinomaex-pleomorphicadenomas(11),andadenoidcysticcarcinomas(ACC,6).Therewere8patientswithrelapsedpleomorphicadenomas.Fiveofthese8caseshadmalignantpathologicalchanges.AllpatientswithACChadmetastasisandthreeofthemdiedduringtheirfollow-up.·CONCLUSION:Ourstudyindicatedthatthemostcommonlacrimalglandlesionswerepleomorphicadenomas.Multiplerecurrenceandsurgicalproceduresmayincreasetheriskoftumorprogression.ACChadahighincidenceoftumormetastasisandapoorprognosis.

简介：近年来关于鼻息肉发病机制的研究较多，本文就肿瘤坏死因子-α、细胞间黏附分子-1、嗜酸性粒细胞特异性趋化因子的特点及作用进行综述，同时与慢性单纯型鼻窦炎、急性鼻炎中常见的细胞因子进行比较，并对亚洲人与欧洲人鼻息肉中细胞因子的差异进行了阐述，以了解细胞因子在鼻息肉发生及发展过程中的重要作用。

简介：头颈鳞癌为头颈部常见的恶性肿瘤，近年来虽然手术联合辅助治疗取得了一定的进展，但是总体生存率并没有显著提高。研究表明，基质金属蛋白酶9不仅与头颈鳞癌的发生、发展、上皮-问充质转化及血管生成相关，而苴能通过多种方式促进肿瘤的侵袭与转移，是头颈鳞癌患者预后不良的主要因素。

简介：干眼症是十分常见的眼表疾病,其发病机制至今尚未明确.近年来的研究表明基于免疫的炎症反应可能是各种类型干眼症发病的共同机制.泪腺及眼表面的炎症可导致泪腺及眼表上皮细胞损伤及凋亡、泪液中水样液及黏液的分泌减少,而性激素水平的异常可能是导致此炎症反应发生的重要因素,本文复习了以上热点问题的相关文献作一综述.