简介：“2018年8月23-25,由国家卫生计生委医院管理研究所、中国科学技术大学附属第一医院、弗雷德·霍洛基金会、湖南爱眼公益基金会主办,中华医学会眼科学分会防盲学组、中国医师协会眼科医师分会防治视觉损伤专委会、中国非公立医疗机构协会眼科专业委员会、国际防盲协会、国际狮子会支持的2018第二届中国眼健康大会在安徽合肥圆满落幕。来自国内外650余位专家、学者及各界专业人士注册并参加。

简介：受主编孙兴怀教授的委托，我们杂志在此出一期有关抗血管内皮生长因子（vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF）药物治疗眼病的专题。众所周知，抗VEGF药物的问世是眼科治疗史上一个划时代的突破。此前，占眼底病绝大多数的视网膜脉络膜血管性疾病，如湿性老年黄斑变性，视网膜静脉阻塞，以及糖尿病视网膜病变等，都缺乏十分有效的治疗。虽然达到循证医学I级水平的“光凝治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿”，以及光动力疗法（PDT）治疗湿性老年黄斑变性等多中心临床研究结果，指导了黄斑水肿及老年黄斑变性的治疗分别已有数十年或十数年之久，但是其效果仅仅是保持或稳定原有视力，并无显著性提高。

简介：·AIM:Toreportvariousocularinjuriescausedbydurianfruit.·METHODS:Threecasesofocularinjuriesweredescribedinyoungpatients,duetoaccidentalfallofdurianfruitontheforeheadandface,whiletheyweretakingrest/sleeping/playingundertheduriantree.·RESULTS:Theocularinjuriesobservedwerelaceratinginjuryofcorneawithirisincarceration,hyphema,superficialpenetratinginjuryofscleraandanglerecessionglaucomaintherighteyeoffirstpatient;laceratinginjuryofcorneawithirisprolapseinthelefteyeofsecondpatient;subconjunctivalhaemorrhage,traumaticmydriasisandsuperficialpenetratinginjuryofsclera,commotionretinopathyandmacularedemainthelefteyeofthirdpatient.Visionimprovedtonormalinalltheeyesfollowingsurgical/medical/opticaltreatment.·CONCLUSION:Evidenceofpenetratinginjury(becauseofthorns)andbluntinjury(becauseofweight)canbeseenintheeyeswhendurianfruitfallsontheface.Visioncanberecoveredfullywithimmediateandappropriatetreatmentinthesecases.Theocularinjuriescanbepreventedbyeducatingthepublictowearprotectivemetalframewidegogglesandnottosleep/takerestundertheduriantree.

简介：·Thetherapeuticeffectofselenium(Se)hasalreadybeenproveninthyroiddiseaseandthyroidassociatedophthalmopathy(TAO).InspiteofclearscientificproofofitsbenefitsinTAO,thereappearstobenoclearagreementamongthecliniciansregardingitsoptimumdose,durationofthetreatment,efficacyandsafetytodate.Inthisreview,theauthorsummarisesthefindingsof135Englishlanguagearticlespublishedonthissubjectoverthepastfourdecadesfrom1973to2013.TheregulationandmetabolismofthyroidhormonesrequireasteadysupplyofSeandrecentstudieshaverevealedseveralpossiblemechanismsbywhichSeimprovestheseverityofthyroiddiseaseandTAO.Thesemechanismsinclude1)inhibitoryeffectofHLA-DRmoleculeexpressiononthyrocytes;2)profoundreductionsofthyroidstimulatinghormone(TSH)receptorantibodies(TSHR-Ab)andTPOantibodies(TPO-Ab);3)preventionofdysregulationofcell-mediatedimmunityandBcellfunction;4)neutralisingreactiveoxygenspecies(ROS)andinhibitionofredoxcontrolprocessesrequiredfortheactivation,differentiationandactionoflymphocytes,macrophages,neutrophils,naturalkillercellsinvolvedinbothacuteandchronicorbitalinflammationinTAO;5)inhibitionofexpressionofproinflammatorycytokinesand6)inhibitionofprostaglandinandleukotrienesynthesis.AnincreasedoxidativestresshasbeenobservedinbothacuteandchronicphasesofthyroiddiseasewithraisedtissueconcentrationsofROS.ThebenefitsofSesupplementationinindividualswithTAOappeartobeproportionatetothedegreeofsystemicactivityofthethyroiddisease.ThemaximalbenefitofSesupplementationisthereforeseeninthesubjectswhoarehyperthyroid.RestorationofeuthyroidismisoneofthemaingoalsinthemanagementofTAOandwhenanti-thyroiddrugsarecombinedwithSe,thepatientswithGraves’disease(GD)andautoimmunethyroiditis(AIT)achievedeuthyroidismfasterthanthosetreatedwithanti-thyroiddrugsalone.SestatusofnormaladulthumanscanvarywidelyandSe

简介：AIM:Tofindasimplemathematicalcorrelationbetweenthelensbasecurve(BC)andkeratometryfindings(krf).METHODS:Thisretrospectivestudyincluded400keratoconiceyes(350patients)previouslyfitwithrigidcontactlensesatanacademiceyecenteroverafiveyearperiod.Thepatientswereclassifiedintofivegroupsbasedonthekeratometryfindings(krf<7,krf:7-8,krf>8,krf-krs(differencebetweentwokeratometry;flatandsteep)=0.3-0.6,krf-krs>0.6mmasgroups1to5,respectively.MultivariatelinearregressionandMunro’scorrelationcoefficientwereemployedtodefertheformulas.RESULTS:Alinearcorrelationcouldbefoundinallgroupsexceptforpatientsingroup3.Forgroup1,BC=0.211×krf+5.904.Forgroup2,BC=0.456×krf+4.160.Forgroup4,BC=0.321×krf+5.219.Forgroup5,BC=0.337×krf+5.090.CONCLUSION:ThedevelopmentofnewformulasforRGPfittingenablesophthalmologiststoworkwithconfidenceandpreventsunnecessaryandfrequentlenstrials.Thecustomarylensfittingmethodsareneededtobereplacedbynewformulas,whichhelptosavetimeandcosts.

简介：AIM:Totestthehypothesisthatamblyopicneuroretinamayhaveanalteredthicknesswhencomparedtothenormal.·METHODS:Twenty-fiveamblyopic,youngpatientsbetweentheagesof7and11yearsoldwerestudied.Theinterestedneuroretinaareasaredefinedinto10sub-regionsaccordingtosuperior-inferior,nasal-temoral,andperi-paraaxis,whichcrossthefovelastructure.Thethicknessesoften,definedmacularregionswereseparatelymeasuredbyopticalcoherencetomography(OCT)andanalyzedbyt-test.·RESULTS:Theaveragethicknessofneuroretinaintheexactfoveolaoftheamblyopiceyesislargerthanthatofnormaleyes(P<0.05),buttheothernineregionshavenosignificantdifference.Interestingly,inboththenormalandamblyopiceyes,thetemporalarealooksthinnerthanotherquadrants(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:Thicknessalterationmaybeassociatedwithamblyopicdisordersinyoungpatients.Studyingalargervolumeofsubjectsofsimilarageisrequiredtoconfirmthisobservation.

简介：AIM:ToinvestigatetheregulationofEaf2proteininmouselenscellsapoptosisinducedbyultraviolet(UV)radiation.METHODS:AneyeofEaf2geneknockoutmiceornormalcontrolmicewasexposedtoUVradiation,andtheotheronewasnon-exposed.AlloflenseswereanalyzedbyTUNELandcaspase3activityassaystodeterminethedifferenceoftheapoptosisinducedbyUVradiation.Inaddition,exposedandnon-exposedlenseswereanalyzedbyquantifiedp53expressionandreal-timereversetranscription-polymerasechainreaction(RT-PCR)ofBax,Bid,Apaf-1,PumaandNoxa,tocompareEaf2geneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmice.RESULTS:UVradiationcausedapoptosisoflenscellsinnormalcontrolmiceandEaf2knockoutmice.Activityofcaspase3wassignificantlyhigherinnormalcontrolmicethanEaf2knockoutmice.Expressionofp53proteinwassignificantlyhigherinlensesexposedtoUVradiationthannonexposedlenses,butwassimilarbetweenEaf2geneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmiceinthesameUVcondition.AfterexposingtoUVradiation,theanalysisofreal-timeRT-PCRdemonstratedthatmRNAlevelsofPumaandNoxaweresignificantlyhigherinlensesofnormalcontrolmicethanEaf2geneknockoutmice,andthatmRNAlevelsofBax,BidandApaf-1werenotsignificantlydifferentbetweengeneknockoutmiceandnormalcontrolmice.CONCLUSION:Eaf2increaseslenscellsapoptosisinducedbyultravioletradiation.AndEaf2up-regulatesexpressionofthePumaandtheNoxatoactonlenscellsapoptosisafterUVradiation.

简介：AIM:Tocharacterizetheclinicalfeatures,diagnosis,treatmentandprognosisofuveitisassociatedwithankylosingspondylitis(AS)inChinesepatients.·METHODS:TwohundredandthreepatientswithuveitisassociatedwithASfollowed-upintheThirdMilitaryMedicalUniversityDapingHospitalbetween2005and2010wereretrospectivelyevaluatedinthisstudy.Completeophthalmologicalexaminationswereevaluatedatbaselineandduringthefollow-upperiod.Thegender,age,follow-uptime,meanfrequencyofuveitisonset,andaccompanyingeyeexaminationfindings,history,demographicalparameterswerereviewed.Allthepatientspresentedcompleteclinicalandradiologic(sacroiliac,lumbar,dorsalandcervicalspine,knee,ankle,shoulder,hip,elbow)evaluation.HLA-B27typingwasalsosearched.·RESULTS:Therewere203patientsdiagnosedwithASassociateduveitis.AllshowedsacroiliacX-raychangesindicativeofAS.Therewere184maleand19femalepatients.Theaverageageofpatientswas35±12(range18-50).Meanfollow-upperiodwas2.4years(1-5years).Acuteanterioruveitiswasthemostcommontypeofuveitisinbothgenders.121eyespresentedunilateralinvolvement(55.2%),and92eyespresentedbilateralinvolvement(45.3%)withonsetalternately.22eyesoccurredhypopyon,16eyeswerefoundanteriorvitreouscells,7eyeswerenotedreactivemacularedemaorexudation,29eyespresentedposteriorsynechiaeofiris,and14eyespresentedcataract,9eyespresentedsecondaryglaucoma,2eyespresentedbendcornealdegenerationand1eyespresentedatrophyofeyeball.Atthefinalvisit,uveitiswaswellcontrolledinmostpatients.·CONCLUSION:ASassociatedwithuveitisinChinesepatientsmainlymanifestsasacuteanterioruveitis.AcombinationofcorticosteroidswithothermydriasisagentsiseffectiveformostASassociatedwithuveitispatients.Ingeneral,theprognosisisgoodinthesecases.

简介：AIM:Todescribethecharacteristicsofmodulationtransferfunction(MTF)ofanteriorcornealsurface,andobtainthethenormalreferencerangeofMTFatdifferentspatialfrequenciesandopticalzonesoftheanteriorcornealsurfaceinmyopes.·METHODS:Fourhundredeyesfrom200patientswereexaminedunderSIRIUScornealtopographysystem.PhoenisanalysissoftwarewasappliedtosimulatetheMTFcurvesofanteriorcornealsurfaceatverticalandhorizontalmeridiansatthe3,4,5,6,7mmopticalzonesofcornea.TheMTFvaluesatspatialfrequenciesof5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55and60cycles/degree(c/d)wereselected.·RESULTS:TheMTFcurveofanteriorcornealsurfacedecreasedrapidlyfromlowtointermediatefrequency(0-15cpd)atvariousopticalzonesofcornea,thevaluedecreasedto0slowlyathigherfrequency(>15cpd).Withtheincreaseoftheopticalzonesofcornea,MTFcurvedecreasedgradually.3)Intherangeof3mm-6mmopticalzonesofthecornea,theMTFvaluesmeasuredathorizontalmeridianweregreaterthanthecorrespondingvaluesathorizontalmeridianofeachspatialfrequency,thedifferencewasstatisticallysignificant(P<0.05).At7mmopticalzonesofcornea,theMTFvaluesmeasuredathorizontalmeridianwerelessthanthecorrespondingvaluesatverticalmeridianat10-60spatialfrequencies(cpd),andthedifferencewasstatisticallysignificantin25,30,35,40,45,50cpd(P<0.05).·CONCLUSION:MTFcanbeusedtodescribetheimagingqualityofopticalsystemsatanteriorcornealsurfaceobjectivelyindetail.

简介：<正>从1989年起以耳后肌带蒂皮瓣对5例耳甲腔和耳道皮肤缺损的患者进行整复,取得满意效果,报告如下。临床资料5例手术患者见表。手术方法耳甲腔和耳道的肿瘤,在切除肿瘤后测量皮肤缺损的范围,如为耳道闭锁,则应切除耳道内闭锁组织后,磨除一部分耳道后、上、下壁骨质,充分

简介：目的为了探讨喉癌与蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性的关系。方法应用Takai蛋白浓度梯度,通过同位素放射活性测定PKC活性。结果癌组织胞浆中PKC比活性(6.63±0.64pmol/mg.min)显著高于正常组织胞浆中PKC比活性(4.73±0.54pmol/mg.min)。结论提示癌组织中PKC活性升高很可能是被癌基因激活。

简介：血管生成素(angiopoietin,Ang)是特异性作用于血管内皮细胞的生长因子,主要由Ang-1和Ang-2组成;Tie2(tyrosinekinasethatcontainsimmunoglubin-likeloopsandepidernalgrowthfactor-similardomains2)是其共同受体.Ang-1促使血管成熟,维持血管稳定.Ang-2则拮抗Ang-1的作用,始动病理性新生血管形成.在眼部新生血管形成过程中Ang/Tie2受体途径起重要作用,抑制Ang/Tie2受体途径可以抑制眼部新生血管形成.

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简介：3．视盘分析报告扫描方式：快速视盘扫描，视盘扫描。应用：视盘评估。此检查可以视盘的视盘面积、视杯面积、盘沿面积、杯／盘面积比、水平方位杯／盘比、垂直方位杯／盘比等参数进行分析评价。结果为两幅图，一幅显示单个视盘横截面扫描图像，另一幅显示是视盘整合后分析结果图，图中红色表示视盘边界，绿色表示视杯边界。

简介：<正>鼓室成形术手术的具体目标是:在清除病灶的基础上,建立含气鼓室和传声听骨。按病灶范围有不伴乳突切除和伴乳突切除,按中耳传声原理有卵圆窗优先和圆窗声保护,此外,必须保证中耳乳突气腔经咽鼓管与大气交通。以下介绍这三方面的技术和体会。

简介：<正>DearSir,IamDr.Sheng-LiMi,fromtheBiomanufacturingengineeringlaboratory,GraduateSchoolatShenzhen,TsinghuaUniversity,Shenzhen,China.Iwritetopresentacasereportofnocardiabrasiliensisinapatientwithdiabetes.Nocardiaispartofagroupofaerobicactinomycetes,widelydistributedinsoil.Nocardiaasteroidsandnocardiabrasiliensisarethemostcommonhumanpathogens.Humansinfectedbynocardiaasteroidsthroughtherespiratorytractmainlysufferfromprimarysuppurativepulmonaryconditions.Infectionofnocardiabrasiliensisoftenoccursintheadvancedstagesofaprogressivediseaseorimmunedisorder,especiallyCushingsyndrome,diabetes,orinpatientsusingcorticosteroids,immunosuppressiveagentsandbroad-spectrumantibioticsforlongtime[1].Toourknowledge,thereportsofnocardiakeratitiswasveryrare

简介：AIM:Tocomparetheregularityandaccuracyoflaserinsitukeratomileusis(LASIK)flapscreatedbytheZiemerFEMTOLDV'Classic'(Ziemer'Classic')andZiemerFEMTOLDVCrystalLinefemtosecondlaser(ZiemerCrystalLine).METHODS:Fourier-domainopticalcoherencetomography(RTVueOCT)wasusedtomeasurethemorphologyof200LASIKflapsof100consecutivepatientscreatedwiththeZiemerClassic(100flaps)ortheZiemerCrystalLine(100flaps)atoneweekpostoperatively.Flapthicknesswasevaluatedat36specifiedmeasurementpointsoneachflap.Forallprocedureswithbothlasers,thenominalflapthicknesswas110μm.RESULTS:ThemeanflapthicknessoftheZiemerCrystalLinegroup(102.49±2.68μm)wasthinnerthanthatoftheZiemerClassicgroup(107.65±5.09μm)(P<0.01).Averagethicknessofallflapswasuniformwithin4μmatallmeasurementpoints.TheflapsintheZiemerCrystalLinegroupweremoreregularthanthoseintheZiemerClassicgroupwhenmeasuredfromthecentertotheperiphery.Themaximumdeviationfromthenominal110μmof36measurementswas8μmintheZiemerClassicgroup,whileintheZiemerCrystalLinegroupitwas9μm.Withinthe3600measurementsonthe100eyes,differencesgreaterthan20μmwereobserved0.14%intheZiemerClassicgroup,and0.04%intheZiemerCrystalLinegroup.CONCLUSION:TheflapscreatedwiththeZiemerFEMTOLDVCrystalLinefemtosecondlaseraremoreuniformandthinnerthanthosecreatedbytheZiemerFEMTOLDVClassicfemtosecondlaser.

简介：目的探讨探通术治疗婴幼儿泪囊炎的时机和疗效。方法将180例216眼按年龄大小分为2—6月,6—12月,12—36月共三组。用泪道探通术给予治疗,用卡方检验分析。结果Ⅰ组治疗成功率97%,Ⅱ组治疗成功率87%,Ⅲ组治疗成功率72%,总治愈率90.7%。结论泪道探通术是治疗婴幼儿泪囊炎较佳的方法,且有效性随着年龄增加而降低,2-6月时行泪道探通术成功率最高。

简介：AIM:Toassesstheeffectofmyopiaonthethicknessofretinalnervefiberlayer(RNFL)measuredby3Dopticalcoherencetomography(3D-OCT)inagroupofnonglaucomatousChinesesubjects.METHODS:Twohundredandfifty-eighteyesof258healthyChinesemyopicindividualswererecruitedandfourgroupswereclassifiedaccordingtotheirsphericalequivalent(SE):lowmyopia(n=42,-0.505,6,12o’clocksectorsweredecreasedwiththeincreasingaxiallengthandhigherdegreeofmyopia.Incontrast,asaxiallengthandthedegreeofmyopiaincreased,thetemporaland8,9o’clocksectorsthicknesseswereincreased.Aconsiderableproportionofmyopiceyeswereclassifiedasoutsidethenormallimits.Sixo’clockwasthemostnotableofthetotal,which43.4%wereoutsidethenormallimits.CONCLUSION:OnthemeasurementofRNFL,thecharacteristicsofRNFLwiththechangeofthedegreeofmyopiawereobserved.Asthedegreeofmyopiaincreases,theRNFLthicknessmeasuredby3D-OCTincludingtheaverageandsuperior,nasal,inferiorsectorsdecreases.AndduetothechangeofRNFLthickness,itshouldbeconsideredwhenusingOCTtoaccessforthedamageofglaucomaespeciallypeoplewithmyopia.

简介：<正>角膜软化症是缺乏维生素A为主的高度营养障碍性疾病,目前在我国城市已为少见,成人角膜软化症则为罕见。我科共遇见二例,报告如下。临床资料例1,袁某,女,36岁。精神病患者。拒食,仅以喝糖水为生6个月。诉双眼晚间不能看清物体