简介：<正>小儿多瞬症是近几年在临床上经常见到的,以眼睑的频繁瞬目为主的疾病,现将我院诊治的57例患者,报告如下。

简介：随着科技和社会的不断进步,白内障手术目标已经从复明逐渐发展为获得良好视功能的屈光手术.而人工晶状体作为白内障手术的重要组成部分,在材料、设计、造型、固定方法等方面也有了突破性的进展,出现了不同种类的人工晶状体,使白内障患者的术后视力更清晰、更舒适.多焦点人工晶状体的临床应用为白内障患者术后获得了较为理想的远、中、近程视力创造了条件.

简介：患者女性，52岁。因右侧鼻塞伴反复涕中带血半年于2009年8月入院。患者无头痛、头昏，曾在外院行抗感染及对症治疗未见好转。专科检查：右侧鼻腔下鼻道中部见肉芽样新生物，表面光滑，质脆，触之易出血；鼻腔无脓性分泌物；各鼻窦区无压痛。鼻窦cT扫描显示：右侧鼻腔占位性病变，呈高密度影。考虑鼻腔骨瘤（见附4页图①）。

简介：AIM:Tostudytheimpactofscleralflapposition,underwhichtheposteriorchamberintraocularlenses(PC-IOL)weresulcus-fixedbytrans-scleralsuture,oncorneaastigmatism.METHODS:Twenty-sixaphakicorcataracteyeswerecomprisedinthisprospectivenoncomparativecaseseriesstudy.Eleveneyeshadtraumaticcataractremovedwithoutsufficientcapsularsupport,3hadblunttraumawithsubluxatedtraumaticcataract,8hadundergonevitreoretinalsurgeryand4hadcongenitalcataractremoved.Theaverageagewas54years(range21-74years),with17menand7women.ThefoldablePC-IOLwasfixedinsulcusbytrans-scleralsuture.TheincisionforIOLimplantationwasmade1mmposteriortolimbusalongthesteepestmeridianofcornea,whilescleralflapstoburytheknotsoftrans-scleralsutureweremadealongtheflattestmeridian.Allthesurgerieswereperformedbyasingledoctor(MaL),andthefollowupwasatleast13months(range13-28months).Thepreoperative,3monthsand1yearpostoperativecornealcurvaturealongthesteepestandflattestcorneameridianandoverallcorneaastigmatismwerecompared.RESULTS:Thecurvaturealongthesteepestmeridianchangedfrom44.25±2.22Dpreoperativelyto44.08±2.16Dat3monthspostoperatively,and43.65±5.23Dat1yearpostoperatively(P>0.05);thecurvaturealongtheflattestmeridianchangedfrom41.24±2.21Dpreoperativelyto43.15±3.94Dat3monthspostoperatively,and42.85±5.17Dat1yearpostoperatively(P<0.05);andthesurgeryinducedastigmatism(SIA)oncorneawascalculatedbyvectoranalysis,whichwas2.42±2.13Dat3monthspostoperatively,and2.18±3.42Dat1yearpostoperatively,thedifferencewasstatisticallysignificant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Thescleralflapmadealongtheflattestmeridian,underwhichtheposteriorchamberintraocularlenses(PCIOL)weresulcus-fixedbytrans-scleralsuture,cansteepenthecorneainvaryingdegrees,thusreducingpreexistingcornealastigmatism.

简介：目的探讨干眼症发生的主要相关因素。方法选择2006年5月至2007年11月间眼科门诊就诊的屈光不正、眼底病患者及行常规体检的健康者133人为研究对象，主要包括问卷调查和干眼病检测两个部分。问卷调查内容有人口学特征、工作环境、生活习惯与全身疾病等。先进行单因素分析，找出与干眼症发病相关联的因素，然后再对有意义的因素进行多因素综合分析，找出干眼病发生的主要危险因素。结果单因素分析结果表明：与干眼症发病相关的因素有年龄、荧光屏接触时间、野外工作时间、工作环境、吸烟和糖尿病。行Logistic回归分析，最终有统计学意义的因素为：年龄、野外工作时间和工作环境。结论就纳入本研究的因素而言，影响干眼症发病的主要因素是年龄、野外工作时间和工作环境，而荧光屏接触时间、吸烟及罹患糖尿病在一定程度上影响着干眼病的发生。

简介：目的本文报道了12例同时性多灶性喉癌并通过分析其临床病理学特点,探讨多灶性喉癌的发生学来源.方法回顾性分析1991～2001年间我院行全喉切除术的12例同时性多灶性喉癌的TNM分期、肿瘤位置、大小、组织学类型、病理学分级以及病史等.结果同时性多灶性喉癌的发病率是1.4%(12/861).所有病理均为鳞状细胞癌.同一病例各病灶的组织学类型和病理学分级均相同.二病灶喉癌的发生率占总数的91.7%(11/12),仅一例为三病灶喉癌、67%(8/12)患者中二病灶分别位于双声带游离缘的对应处.3例(25%)有术前放疗史,1例术前曾行多次声带活检为不典型增生.所有病例术前均未诊断出多灶性.结论声门型同时性多灶性喉癌可能为单中心起源.腔内种植即声带振动时癌细胞从一侧声带游离缘种植到对侧接触损伤处,可能是喉癌多灶性的原因之一,放疗可能是多灶性喉癌的诱发因素.

简介：目的:观察美尔瑞片(中草药灯盏细辛)对眼压控制后的青光眼是否具有视神经保护作用.方法:对99例(113眼)眼压已控制的原发性开角型青光眼及闭角型青光眼进行多中心、前瞻性、随机、双盲对照临床研究,观察口服美尔瑞片6mo后对视野的疗效,本研究采用VFDS视野缺损计分法,从0(无缺损)至20(所有检测点均不可测出).结果:美尔瑞治疗组55例(66眼),安慰剂对照组44例(47眼),治疗前及治疗后2,4,6mo2组的眼压均＜15mmHg,2组间同一时期眼压无显著性差异(P＞0.05).服美尔瑞2,4,6mo后VFDS净减值分别为0.44±1.60,1.27±2.16及1.42±2.37,呈现随治疗时间延长,视野缺损逐渐好转趋势.对照组2,4,6mo后VFDS净减计分值分别为-0.02±1.5,0.68±1.73和0.40±1.57.VFDS净减值两组间同一时期比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05),治疗6mo后有高度显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论:灯盏细辛可用于治疗青光眼性视神经病变,有助于扩大/保持视野.

简介：AIM:Topresentretinalmicrostructure,metabolismandfunctionabnormalitiesinthecourseofmultipleevanescentwhitedotsyndrome(MEWDS)byHeidelbergspectralismodalityimagingplatformandobserveitsoutcomebyEDI-SD-OCTandtwowavelengthautofluorescence.METHODS:Acaseofmultipleevanescentwhitedotsyndromeina23-year-oldfemalepresentedinitiallywitha15-dayhistoryoffloatersandacentralscotomaintherighteye.Toestablishthediagnosis,multimodalityimagingwasperformed,namely,bluelight-fundusautofluorescence(BL-FAF,excitation488nm,emission>500nm),near-infraredfundusautofluorescence(NIR-FAF,excitation787nm,emission>800nm)usingaconfocalscanninglaserophthalmoscope,fundusfluoresceinangiography(FFA),indocyaninegreenangiography(ICGA),spectrum-domainenhancedepthimagingopticalcoherencetomography(SD-EDI-OCT),multifocalelectroretinography(mf-ERG)andfundusphotograghwereperformedandfollowedupattheeighthmonthafterinitiallyvisiting.RESULTS:Opticalcoherencetomography(OCT)showedatransientdisruptionofthefovealphotoreceptoroutersegmentsincorrespondencetofovealgranularity.NIR-FAFshowedhypoautofluorescentareas,≤40μminsize,mostlyconcentratedaroundtheposteriorpoleanditstemporalsidelessthanthatinBL-FAF.Mf-ERGshowpinnacledisappearedinfoveaandmaculaandresponsesdecreasedmarkedlycomparedwiththefolloweye.Attheeighthmonthfollowup,hyperfluorescenceinBL-FAFweredisappear,while,NIR-FAFHypofluorescentspotsinearlystageofsuchlesionwerereduced.ButOCTdemonstratedthestructurewasrecoveredinresidualHypofluorescentareainNIR-FAF.Thesubfovealchoroidalthicknesswasdecreasedfrom372μmto307μmslightlyandcostlinewasrecovered.CONCLUSION:MEWDSisabenignself-healingdiseaseandthereisnopathologicalevidencetoinvestigatethenaturalcourseofsuchdisease.SD-OCTallowshighlydetailedimagesapproachinghistopathologytocertifythemicrostructura

简介：回顾分析经病理检查证实的真菌性鼻窦炎32例，探讨其螺旋CT征象。

简介：0引言急性后部多灶性鳞状色素上皮病变（acuteposteriormultifocalplacoidpigmentepitheliopathy,APMPPE）由Gass于1968年首先报道。本病发病急,目前临床并不多见。本文报道1例双眼急性后部多灶性鳞状色素上皮病变的病例,就其发病原因、病情演变及治疗、愈后进行简要的分析总结。

简介：目的采用不同色彩多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）刺激模式刺激正常眼黄斑部视网膜,观察不同刺激模式mfERG的波形改变及其特征,为将不同色彩刺激模式mfERG应用于黄斑疾病的检测提供正常基线标准和评估检查的可行性。方法分别采用黑/白刺激模式、黑/红刺激模式和黑/绿刺激模式对19例正常视力成年志愿者进行检测,比较分析一阶kernel反应（FOK）的平均反应密度和峰时变化特征,以及稳态闪烁光反应（flicker-30Hz）的平均反应密度和峰时的变化特征。结果正常人FOK以及flicker-30Hz1~5环P1波潜时与刺激色彩的亮度呈负相关,而P1波平均反应密度与刺激色彩亮度呈正相关,P1波峰时和平均反应密度与平均亮度均呈线性回归关系,表现为其亮度特征。结论不同色彩刺激模式存在亮度效应,由不同色彩的不同亮度特征性改变可以客观反映黄斑区不同亮度通道的功能情况。

简介：目的：通过对视网膜脱离患者术前、术后的血流动力学研究及视网膜功能的了解,判断视网膜脱离患者的术后恢复情况,并探讨两种检测方法的临床价值。方法：对我院62例孔源性视网膜脱离患者,通过彩色多普勒（CDI）检测视网膜中央动脉（CRA）的收缩期峰值流速（Vmax）、舒张末期流速（Vmin）、阻力指数（RI）;多焦视网膜电图（mfERG）分别对视网膜脱离患者的术前、术后进行检测,并以对侧正常眼作对照组。结果：CDI术前患眼与对照眼的CRA各项指标比较,差异无统计学意义。术后2wk视网膜脱离眼CRA的Vmax,Vmin均较术前降低,RI增高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。视网膜脱离术后患者脱离区mfERG的a波、b波振幅密度均明显高于术前,潜伏期比手术前明显缩短,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：通过mfERG,CDI的联合检测能及时了解视网膜脱离术后的视网膜复位情况及硅胶海绵垫压后CRA的血流情况,从而避免视网膜脱离术后视网膜部分复位不良,巩膜因缺血引起局部坏死等情况发生。

简介：目的：观察多西环素对碱烧伤大鼠角膜炎症细胞浸润的抑制作用。方法：健康SD大鼠32只，随机分为对照组、多西环素组，每组16只大鼠。建立角膜碱烧伤模型后，多西环素组予3g／L多西环素眼液点眼，对照组予眼液溶媒点眼。分别于碱烧伤后第3，7，14，21d观察计算炎症指数，角膜取材后进行病理切片及炎症细胞计数，行ICAM-1的ELISA检测。结果：多西环素组各时间点结膜充血、角膜水肿较对照组轻，炎症指数均明显低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。多西环素组各时间点炎症细胞计数少于对照组（P〈0．05）。多西环素组各时间点大鼠角膜的ICAM-1表达低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论：多西环素可以抑制碱烧伤大鼠角膜的炎症细胞浸润，其机制可能是抑制ICAM-1的表达。

简介：目的：通过多焦视网膜电图（multifocalelectroretinography,mf-ERG）在中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（centralserouschorioretinopathy,CSC）治疗前后的观察,提高CSC诊断的准确性,并指导临床诊疗,评估预后。方法：设置有比较性的CSC观察组和双眼正常的对照组。观察组有31例CSC患者都是单眼发病,这些患者每只眼（包括患眼与对侧眼）在发病期与恢复期都经过眼科的系统检查,包括最佳矫正视力、眼底荧光血管造影、OCT和mf-ERG,并记录这些检查的数据。对照组有30例,与观察组年龄范围相同,同样做上述检查并记录数据。对两组数据进行对比分析。结果：在CSC发病期,mf-ERG显示患眼平均视网膜振幅密度在1环为60.54±18.20nV/degree2,比对照组（110.94±31.20nV/degree2）低45.43%（P〈0.01）,在2环为38.12±10.81nV/degree2,比对照组（60.91±11.43nV/degree2）低37.42%（P〈0.05）。在恢复期,mf-ERG显示患眼平均视网膜振幅密度在1环为93.71±14.13nV/degree2,比对照组（110.94±31.20nV/degree2）低15.53%（P〈0.05）;在2环为51.16±10.34nV/degree2,比对照组（60.91±11.43nV/degree2）低16.01%（P〈0.05）。另外,我们还发现,观察组31例患者中有8例对侧眼也显示出异常,平均视网膜振幅密度在1环为62.41nV/degree2,其余23例患者对侧眼未发现异常。结论：多焦视网膜电图有助于中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者的临床治疗与随访观察,对中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变患者的诊断、病情评估及预后都起着重要的作用。

简介：目的比较双眼行超声乳化白内障吸除联合植入AcrySofReSTOR与ATLISAtri839MP多焦点人工晶状体（M10L）术后的视觉质量。方法前瞻性非随机对照研究。收集双眼年龄相关性白内障24例（48跟），行超声乳化术，12例（24眼）植入AcrysofReSTOR为对照组，12例（24眼）植入ATLISAtri839MP为实验组，术后3月测量其裸眼远、中及近视力，最佳矫正远、中及近视力，离焦曲线，并通过问卷调查的方式评价患者术后脱镜情况及患者对全程视力的满意度。结果植入ATLISAtri839MP患者的中距离视力高于植入AcrySofReSTOR（P〈0．05），而远、近视力差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。离焦曲线显示两组第一峰位均在附加OD处；第二峰位对照组位于附加-3．0D，实验组位于-1．5D至-3．0D之间，此段呈现平台期。两组患者在各空间频率的对比敏感度比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。在调查问卷中，实验组的脱镜率及中距离视力满意度高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论两种人工晶状体植入术后均可获得良好的远近视力，ATLISAtri839MP人工晶状体能够获得更好的中距离视力及较高的患者满意度，具有更为理想的全程视力。

简介：AIM:Todeterminewhethersinglenucleotidepolymorphism(SNP)rs641153isassociatedwiththeriskofage-relatedmaculardegeneration(AMD),weperformedasystematicmeta-analysisof15eligiblestudies.SNPinthecomplementfactorB(CFB)geneisconsideredtohavesignificantassociationwithAMDsusceptibility,butthereisgreatdiscrepancyintheseresults.METHODS:TheeligiblestudieswereidentifiedbysearchingthedatabasesofPubMed,EMBASE,andWebofScience.Oddsratios(ORs)with95%confidenceintervals(CIs)wereusedtoassesstheassociation.AlldatawereanalyzedusingStatasoftware.RESULTS:Theassociationbetweenrs641153andAMDriskwasstatisticallysignificantunderthehomozygousmodel(AAvsGG:OR=0.26,95%CI=0.15-0.45,P_h=0.973,/~2=0.0%,fixedeffects),dominantmodel(AA+GAvsGG:OR=0.49,95%CI=0.40-0.59,P_h=0.004,/~2=56.4%,randomeffects)andrecessivemodel(AAvsGA+GG:OR=0.30,95%CI=0.17-0.51,R_n=0.983,I~2=0.0%,fixedeffects).Thesameresultswerealsoobservedinthestratifiedanalysesbyethnicity,sourceofcontrolandsamplesize.CONCLUSION:Ourmeta-analysissuggeststhatrs641153intheCFBgenemayplayaprotectiveroleinAMDsusceptibility,thelateAMDinparticular,bothinCaucasiansandinAsians.

简介：AIM:Toexploretheeffectofsaturatedhydrogensalineonbluelight-inducedretinaldamageinrats.·METHODS:Theretinaldamageofratswasinducedbybluelightexposurefor6hoursandexamined8hours,16hoursand24hoursaftertheexposure.OnehundredfemaleSprague-Dawleyratswererandomlydividedintofourgroups.Group1included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithoutanyothertreatment.Group2included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithintraperitonealinjectionofnormalsaline.Group3included30ratsreceivedlightexposurewithintraperitonealinjectionofsaturatedhydrogensaline.AndGroup4includedtheother10ratswhichdidnotreceiveanytreatment.Theamountofintraperitonealinjectionofsaturatedhydrogensalineandnormalsalinewascalculatedintheratioof1ml/100gofratweight.SpecimenswerecollectedandprocessedbyH-Estaining,ultrastructureobservation,biochemicalmeasurement.Morphologicalchangeswereobservedbylightmicroscopeandtransmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)andtheretinalouternuclearlayer(ONL)thicknesswasmeasuredbyIPP6.0,whilethemalondialdehyde(MDA)wasmeasuredbycolorimetricdeterminationat532nm.·RESULTS:AlthoughthestructureofretinainGroup1andGroup2wasinjuredheavily,theinjuryinGroup3wasmild.ThedifferencesbetweenGroup1andGroup2werenotsignificant.ComparedwiththeratsinGroup1andGroup2,theonesinGroup3hadmoreclearlydemarcatedretinastructureandmoreorderedcellsbylightmicroscopeandTEMobservation.TheONLthicknesses(400times)offourgroupsateachtimepointexceptbetweenGroup1andGroup2weresignificantlydifferent(P<0.05).ThethicknessesoftheONLinGroup1atthreetimepointswere30.41±4.04μm,26.11±2.82μmand20.63±1.06μm,inGroup2were31.62±4.54μm,25.08±3.63μmand19.07±3.86μm,inGroup3were29.75±3.62μm,28.83±1.97μmand27.61±1.83μm.InGroup4themeanofthethicknesswas37.35±1.37μm.Astimewentby,thedamageg

简介：AIM:Anaerobicbacteriacancauseocularinfections.WetestedtheOxyPlateTMAnaerobicSystem(OXY)toisolatepertinentanaerobicbacteriathatcancauseoculardisease.METHODS:OXY,whichdoesnotrequiredirectanaerobicconditions(i.e.bags,jars),wascomparedtoconventionalisolationofincubatingculturemediainanaerobicbags.Standardcoloniescountswereperformedonanaerobicocularbacterialisolatesunderaerobicandanaerobicconditions(anaerobicbags)usingagarmedia:1)OXY(aerobiconly),2)5%sheepblood(SB),3)Chocolate,and4)Schaedler.Thebacteriatestedwerede-identifiedocularisolatesculturedfromendophthalmitisanddacryocystitisthatinclude10Propionibacteriumacnesand3Actinomycesspecies.Thecolonycountsforeachbacteriaisolate,oneachculturingcondition,wererankedfromlargesttosmallest,andnon-parametricallycomparedtodeterminethebestculturingcondition.RESULTS:Allanaerobicconditionswerepositiveforalloftheanaerobicisolates.SBandSchaedler’sagarunderaerobicconditionsdidnotsupportthegrowthofanaerobicbacteria.SparsegrowthwasnotedonchocolateagarwithPropionibacteriumacnes.Asananaerobicsystem,SBinananaerobicbagisolatedhighercolonycountsthanOXY(P=0.0028)andchocolateagar(P=0.0028).CONCLUSION:AlthoughOXYdidnottesttobemoreefficientthanotheranaerobicsystems,itappearstobeareasonablealternativeforisolatinganaerobicbacteriafromocularsites.Theuseofanagarmediuminaspeciallydesignedplate,withouttherequirementofananaerobicbag,renderedOXYasanadvantageoverotheranaerobicsystems.

简介：AIM:TodiscusstheimpactofLyciumBarbarumPolysaccharide(LBP)andDanshensupurifiedfromTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)onvascularendothelialgrowthfactor(VEGF)ofrabbitswithretinalneovascularization.METHODS:Fortyrabbitsweredividedintonormalcontrolgroup,modelcontrolgroup,LBPgroupandDanshensugroup.Animalsinthenormalcontrolgroupwerefedinthenormaloxygenenvironment.Animalsintheotherthreegroupswereputintotheenvironmentwith70%oxygenfor5daysinordertobuildthemodelofoxygen-inducedvascularproliferationretinopathy.AndthendifferentTCMextractwasinjectedintotheabdominalcavitiesoftheseannimals.After7days,theVEGFcontentofintheserumofrabbitwasmeasuredbydoubleantibodysandwichmethod.RESULTS:DataanalysisindicatedthatVEGFcontentwasasfollows:Danshensugroupwaslowerthanmodelcontrolgroup(12.92±3.84ng/Lvs19.32±4.15ng/L,P<0.05);LBPgroupandnormalcontrolgroupwerelowerthanmodelcontrolgroup(12.92±3.84ng/L,9.26±1.61ng/Lvs19.32±4.15ng/L,P<0.01);totalbloodviscosity,plasmaviscosity,cholesterolcontent,fibrinogencontentandtriacylglycerolcontentafterperitonealinjectionofLBPandDanshensuwereobviouslylowerthanbeforeinjection.CONCLUSION:TCMextract-LBPandDanshensucanprominentlyreducethecontentofVEGFintheprocessofvascularproliferativeretinopathyofrabbit;canpreventtheoccurrenceofretinalmicrovasculardiseasebyimprovingpartialoxygen-deficientenvironmentoraffectingallkindsofnewgrowthfactor.

简介：AIM:TopresenttheresultsofimplantationofIakymenkokeratoprosthesisinfivepatientswithvascularizedcornealleukomacausedbysevereocularinjury.·METHODS:Iakymenkokeratoprosthesiswasimplantedinto5eyesof5patients:4patientsweresufferedfromchemicalburnsand1patientfromexplosiveinjury.Thepreoperativevisualacuityrangedfromlightperceptiontohandmotion.Theimplantationsurgerywascomposedoftwo-stageprocedures.Thefollow-upperiodwasfrom9monthsto11years.Theoutcomemeasureswerevisualacuity,retention,andcomplicationsofthekeratoprosthesis.·RESULTS:Visionimprovementswereachievedinmostpatients.Allkeratoprosthesiswereretainedwithinthefollow-upperiod.Cornealmeltingoccurredinonepatientandfibrousclosureinanotherpatient,bothofwhichweresuccessfullytreated.Retinaldetachmentoccurredinonepatientaftersurgery.·CONCLUSION:Iakymenkokeratoprosthesisseemstobeapromisingalternativeforthepatientswithseverecornealinjury,butfurtherinvestigationisneededtoevaluatetheroleofIakymenkokeratoprosthesis.