简介：全国高等学校医学研究生规划教材《耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学》将于2008年11月由人民卫生出版社出版，本书与八年制《耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学》教材互为补充，相得益彰，构成一套体现现代临床教学理念和高素质能力培养目标的规划教材，实为八年制教材的“姊妹版”。

简介：ObjectiveTostudytheauditionandinnerearstructureinanormalswinemodel.MethodsAuditorybrainstemresponses(ABRs)weredeterminedinswineat1dayand1monthafterbirth.Theformofthecochleaandhaircellswereexaminedunderascanningelectronmicroscopeandoncochlearslices.ResultsABRthresholdsat1dayand1monthpost-birthwerebetween40and50dBSPL.ThelatenciesofwavesI,IIIandVin1dayoldswinewere1.97±0.13,3.01±0.16and4.26±0.20ms,respectively.At1month,thelantanciesofwavesI,IIIandVwere2.01±0.05,3.11±0.08and4.65±0.14ms,respectively,slightlylongerthanthoseat1day,althoughnotstatisticallysignificant(p>0.05).Theswinecochleawasconstitutedof3andahalfturnsandthecochlearhaircellslinedupinfourrows.Haircellciliaintheapicalturnwerelongerthanthoseinotherturns.ConclusionsTheswinecochleaismatureatthetimeofbirth.SwineABRthresholdsareslightlyhigherthanhumansandrats.Swineappearstobeaprecocialanimalspecies.

简介：ObjectiveTostudyeffectsofJiangtangFanglongWan(glucose-loweringanddeafness-preventingcapsule)onhearinginananimalmodelofdiabetes.MethodsWistarratswereusedtocreateadiabetesmodelbyintraperitonealinjectionofstreptozotocin(STZ,55mg/kg).FortyratswererandomlyselectedtoreceiveJiangtangFanglongWan(10g/kg/day)throughintragastricgavage(treatmentgroup)ornormalsaline(controlgroup).Auditorybrainstemresponses(ABRs)wererecordedatMonths1,2and3.ResultsABRlatenciesandwaveintervalsweresimilarbetweenthetwogroupsatMonth1(P>0.05).ABRlatenciesandwaveintervalswereshorterinthetreatmentgroupthanthoseofthecontrolgroupatMonths2and3(P<0.05andP<0.01,respectively).ConclusionOurresultssuggestthatJiangtangFanglongWanmayhaveabeneficialeffectinpreventingandtreatinghearingimpairmentassociatedwithdiabetes.

简介：Aratmodelofchronictympanicmembraneperforationwasdevelopedtobeusedinthesearchofnewmaterialsforthesealingoftheseperforations.AlongitudinalstudywascarriedoutinratssubjectedtoincisionalmyringotomyfollowedbytheapplicationofmitomycinCaloneorwithdexamethasone.Ratswerecheckedatdays3,7,10,14andweeklythereafteruntilperforationclosure,forupto6months.Theadditionofdexamethasoneisakeycomponentinordertoobtainachronicopening.Myringotomiestreatedwithsalinehadameanhealingtimeof8.5days.At8weeks,between62.5%and77.7%oftympanicmembranestreatedwithmitomycinCanddexamethasoneremainedperforatedandat6monthsthisnumberfellto21.4%.Thistechniqueisabletomaintainmosttympanicmembraneperforationspatentforatleast8weeks.Thisratmodelisadequateforitsuseinpreclinicalortranslationalresearch.

简介：Oxaliplatin,ananticancerdrugcommonlyusedtotreatcolorectalcancerandothertumors,hasanumberofserioussideeffects,mostnotablyneuropathyandototoxicity.Togaininsightsintoitsototoxicprofile,oxaliplatinwasappliedtoratcochlearorgancultures.Consistentwithitneurotoxicpropensity,oxaliplatinselectivelydamagednervefibersataverylowdose1μM.Incontrast,thedoserequiredtodamagehaircellsandspiralganglionneuronswas50foldhigher(50μM).Oxailiplatin-inducedcochlearlesionsinitial-lyincreasedwithdose,butunexpectedlydecreasedatveryhighdoses.Thisnon-lineardoseresponsecouldberelatedtodepressedoxaliplatinuptakeviaactivetransportmechanisms.Previousstudieshavedemon-stratedthataxonaldegenerationinvolvesbiologicallyactiveprocesseswhichcanbegreatlyattenuatedbynicotinamideadeninedinucleotide(NAD+).TodetermineifNAD+wouldprotectspiralganglionaxonsandthehaircellsfromoxaliplatindamage,cochlearculturesweretreatedwithoxaliplatinaloneatdosesof10μMor50μMrespectivelyascontrolsorcombinedwith20mMNAD+.Treatmentwith10μMoxaliplatinfor48hoursresultedinminordamagetoauditorynervefibers,butsparedcochlearhaircells.However,whencochlearculturesweretreatedwith10μMoxaliplatinplus20mMNAD+,mostauditorynervefiberswereintact.50μMoxaliplatindestroyedmostofspiralganglionneuronsandcochlearhaircellswithapop-toticcharacteristicsofcellfragmentations.However,50μMoxaliplatinplus20mMNAD+treatmentgreat-lyreducedneuronaldegenerationsandhaircellmissing.TheresultssuggestedthatNAD+providessignifi-cantprotectionagainstoxaliplatin-inducedneurotoxicityandototoxicity,whichmaybeduetoitsactionsofantioxidant,antiapoptosis,andenergysupply.

简介：Objective:Toestablishananimalmodeloflike-auditoryneuropathyinneonatalrat.MethodsTheani-malswereinjectedwithphenylhydrazinehydrochlorideorsalineat7-dayofage.ABRandDPOAEwereperformedtoassesstheauditoryfunction.Thecochleabasilarmembranestretchedpreparationandcochlearfrozensectionswerepreparedforimmunohistochemicalstainingtoexaminethemorphologicalchangeofhaircellsandspiralganglioncells(SGNs).ResultsAt7-dayagetheABRwaveI,III,V,latenciesandI-III,I-VIWIsintheexperimentalgroupweresignificantlyprolongedcomparedwiththoseinthecontrolgroup.TheABRthresholdswerealsoelevatedintheexperimentalgroup.Wefoundthereisnosignificantdiffer-enceinDPOAEinphenylhydrazinehydrochlorideexposuregroupcomparetocontrolgroup.Thecochlearhaircellsshowednosignsoflossinbothgroup,butthetotalnumberofneurofilamentspositivecellsinSGNsweresignificantlyreducedinthephenylhydrazinetreatedanimals.ConclusionOurstudysuggeststhatphenylhydrazinehydrochloridecanchangetheauditoryfunctionandinduceperipheralnervepathologybytargetedmainlytheSGNsinneonatalrat.

简介：目的探讨小学聋生概念组织的特点及其发展情况。方法采用词汇自由回忆的实验任务，对小学一、三、五年级30名聋生的概念组织特点进行了研究。结果①一年级聋生概念组织以SF联系和主题关联为主，较少形成分类学关系；三年级聋生3类概念组织形式都有所发展，但其概念组织结构与一年级聋生相似；五年级的聋生以分类学关系组织概念的能力已经获得很好发展，成为概念组织的主要形式，SF联系和主题关联也是其概念组织的重要形式。②聋生概念组织结构中，分类学关系和主题关联两种概念组织类型表现为随年级的增高而发展；SF联系呈先上升后下降的趋势；聋生概念组织的发展落后于健听儿童，但其发展趋势与健听儿童相似。结论不同年级聋生概念组织结构具有不同的特点，聋生概念组织结构随年级的增高而发展变化。

简介：Inmedicallaboratoryanimals,thepigistheclosestspeciestohumaninevolution,exceptforprimates.Asananimalmodel,thepigishighlyconcernedbymanyscientists,includingcomparativebiology,developmentalbiology,medicalgenetics.Rodentsasanimalmodelforhumanhearingdefectshasarepoorproducibilityandreliability,duetodifferencesinanatomicalstructure,evolutionaryrateandmetabolicrate,butthesehappenstobetheadvantagesofthepigmodel.Inthispaper,wewillsummarizetheapplicationofminiaturepiginthestudyofhumanhereditarydeafness.

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigateTcellactivationfollowingfacialnerveaxotomizationandlatentneuroimmunologicmechanismsintraumaticfacialparalysis.MethodsAmurinemodeloffacialnervetransactionwasused.LymphocytesfromcervicalandmesentericlymphnodesinBABL/cmiceatspecifictimeswerecollectedandexpressionratesofCD69onTcellswereassessedbyflowcytometry.ResultsInfiltratingTcellsweredetectedaroundthefacialneuronsinthefacialnervenucleusinmicewhosefacialnervewastransected.ImmunofluorescentstainingshowedrecruitmentofactivatedTcells.Threedayspost-facialnervetransection,theexpressionrateofCD69onTcellsfromcervicaldraininglymphoidnodes(CDLNs)wassignificantlydifferentfromthatonTcellsfrommesentericlymphnodes(MLNs)(P=0.0457),whereasthelatterwassimilartothatinanimalsundergoingshamsurgeriesandthatinblankcontrolanimals(p=0.2817and0.2724,respectively).Twoweekspost-nervetransection,theTcellCD69expressionratefromCDLNsremainedatahigherlevelandthanthatinthesham-operationanimals(p=0.0007).Attwoweeks,CD69expressionrateonTcellsfromMLNswasalsoup-regulatedanddifferentcomparedwiththesham-operationanimalsandwithitselfatthreedayspost-operation(p=0.0082and0.0133,respectively).ConclusionTcellsappeartobeactivatedandup-regulatedinCDLNsfollowingfacialnervetransection.ThereisevenevidenceofTcellactivationinMLNsat2weekspost-nervetransection.Thissuggestesanalterationofimmuneresponsefromlocaltogeneralimmunityintheacutestageoffacialnervetrauma,whichmayhelpcoordinatingandcontrollingthescalesandorientationoftheneuroimmuneresponseduringthepathogenesisandprogressionoffacialnervetrauma.

简介：BackgroundChronicotitismedia(COM)isasignificantclinicalproblem.UnderstandingthemechanismsofCOMiscriticalforitscontrolandtreatment.However,littleisknownoftheprocessesleadingtoCOMasaresultoflackofanimalmodelsofN-ethyl-N-nitrosourea(ENU)inducedmutationsinotitismediawitheffusion(OME).MethodsOtoscopyandauditorybrainresponse(ABR)evaluationwerecarriedoutundersedationinNmf391nmf/nmfmiceof2,4,6and8monthsofage.Themicewerekilledforstudyofmiddleandinnerearpathology.ResultsTympanicmembranevisualizationandABRthresholdsin1-to8-month-oldNmf391nmf/nmfmiceshowedspontaneousOMEandinnereardiseasesinapproximately100%oftheanimals.ThesignificantelevationofABRthresholdssuggestedasensorineuralcomponentinhearinglossinadditiontotheconductiveloss.Middleandinnerearhistologyshowedvariousdegreesofouterhaircellslossandmiddleearinflammationinallthemice,butnoinflammationcellsintheinnerear.TheABRthresholdat32kHzwassignificantlyelevated.ConclusionsThisstudyshowshistopathologicchangesintheNmf391nmf/nmfmousemodelofCOMwitheffusionthathavenotbeenreportedinhumanCOM.ThisENUinducedmutationmodelofCOMwillbevaluableforthecharacterizationofmiddleearinflammationandinnereardiseaseprocessesthatareinducedbymiddleearinfections.WeproposethatCOMwitheffusioninthisENUinducedmutationmodelisthecauseofthecochleahaircellsdamage.

简介：Objective:Toinvestigatetheeffectsofconductivehearingloss(CHL)onvestibularevokedmyogenicpotentials(VEMPs)usingasimulatedCHLmodel,andtoprovidethebasisforfuturestudies.Methods:Twenty-onehealthysubjectswererecruitedinthisstudy.WemeasuredocularVEMPs(oVEMPs)andcervicalVEMPs(cVEMPs)inthesesubjectsbyair-conductionsound(ACS)stimulation.CHLwassimulatedlaterbyblockingtherightexternalauditorycanalwithasoundproofearplugtoevaluateitsimpactsonVEMPs.Subjects'responsesbeforesimulatedCHLservedasthecontrol,andwerecomparedtotheirresponsesfollowingsimulatedCHL.Results:oVEMPsfollowingsimulatedCHLshoweddecreasedresponserate,elevatedthresholds,attenuatedamplitudesandprolongedN1latenciescomparedwiththosebeforesimulatedCHL,andthedifferenceswerestatisticallysignificant.Similarly,cVEMPsfollowingsimulatedCHLalsoshoweddecreasedresponserate,elevatedthresholdsandattenuatedamplitudes,withprolongedP1latenciescomparedwiththosebeforesimulatedCHL,althoughonlydifferencesinresponserate,thresholdandamplitudeweresignificant.Conclusions:ConductivehearinglossaffectstheresponserateandotherresponseparametersinoVEMPsandcVEMPs.

简介：ObjectiveToestablishananimalmodelofsuddenonsetsensorineuralhearingloss(SSNHL)tostudyitsmechanisms.MaterialsandmethodsTheinnerearwasexposedto3-nitropropionicacidat0.5mol/L(3-NP(H))and0.3mol/L(3-NP(L))throughtheroundwindowmembranefor30minutesin50maleguineapigs.Thresholdsofauditorybrainstemresponses(ABR)wereestablishedbeforethetreatmentandretestedat4hours,1day,3daysand6daysfollowing3-NPexposure.Controlanimalsweretreatedwithphosphatebufferedsaline(PBS)andtheirABRswereretestedat4hoursand1dayafterthetreatment.Animalsweremonitoredfornystagmusandposturalsignsofvestibulardysfunction,usingadigitalvideocamera,followingthetreatmentprocedure.Specimensweretakenat12hours,1day,3daysand7daysfollowing3-NP(H)exposureandembeddedinJB4forlightmicroscopyobservation.ResultsABRswerelostinallanimalstestedat4hoursfollowing3-NP(H)exposure.TherateofcompleteABRlossdecreasedaspost-treatmenttesttimeincreased.ABRswerelostin80%(4/5)oftheanimalsat1dayafterexposureto3-NP(L).Spontaneoushorizontalnystagmuswithafastphaseawayfromthetreatedeardevelopedinall3-NP(H)-treatedanimalsandin20%(1/5)oftheanimalsexposedto3-NP(L),exceptfortheonetreatedbilaterally.Variousdegreeofposturaldisturbancesconsistentwithunilateralvestibulardysfunction,suchasspontaneousbarrelrollingtowardstheexposuresidewhilewalking,wereseeninallanimalsexposedto3-NP(H)and40%(2/5)ofanimalsexposedto3-NP(L),exceptfortheoneanimaltreatedbilaterally,whichshowednosignsofimbalance.Bothnystagmusandposturaldisturbancesresolvedin2daysfollowing3-NPexposure.HistologicalstudyshowedtemporaryedematintheorganorCorti,Claudiuscellsandtheinnersulcuscells3daysafter3-NP(H)treatment.Enlargementofintercellularspaceinthespiralprominencewasfirstnoticedat12hourspost-3-NP(H)exposure,progressedatd

简介：ObjectiveTostudytheinfluenceofJiangTangFangLongformulaoninsulinproductionandfunctioninananimalmodelofdiabetichearingloss.MethodsWistarrats(n=60)wererandomlydividedinto6groups(10ineach)toreceivenotreatment(thenormalcontrol,GroupA),ortoreceiveintra-peritoneal55mg/kgstreptozotocinwith(GroupsC,DandE)orwithout(GroupB)subsequentJiangTangFangLongformulatreatmentatvariousdosesorYuLongWantreatment(GroupF).After60days,fastingbloodglucose(FBG),bodyweight(BW)andfastinginsulin(FINS)wererecordedandtheHOMA-IRandHOMA-βcalcu-lated.Insulinexpressioninpancreatictissueswasmeasuredbyradioimmunoassay.ResultsComparedwithanimalsthatreceivedstreptozotocinwithoutrescuetreatment(GroupB),animalsthatreceivedhigherdosesofJiangTangFangLongformula(GroupsDandE)showedimprovedindicesofdiabetesmanifestation(P<0.05)andimprovedHOMA-β(P<0.05)inadose-dependentmanner,aswellasimprovedinsulinexpressioninpancreaticislets(P<0.05).ThedifferencebetweenlowdoseJiangTangFangLongformulatreatment(GroupC)andGroupBwasnotsignificant(P>0.05).ConclusionOurresultssuggestthatJiangTangFangLongformulamayimprovepancreaticβ-cellsfunctionwhichmayexplainitsefficacyintreatingdiabetichearingloss.

简介：摘要目的探析院前急救护理路径在脑卒中患者院前急救中的应用效果。方法选取我院收治的224例脑卒中患者为研究资料，将所有患者随机分为两组，每组112例。对照组给予常规院前急救护理，观察组给予院前急救护理路径，对比分析急救效果。结果观察组的死亡率（3.57%）、致残率（7.14%）均优于对照组（13.39%、24.11%），组间有显著差异（P＜0.05）；观察组从接诊到入院治疗的间隔时间优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论脑卒中患者院前急救中给予院前急救护理路径可降低患者的致残率和死亡率，缩短接诊到治疗的间隔时间，提升患者的生存质量，值得在临床上进一步推广和应用。

简介：摘要目的了解医院感染现患率，分析医院感染发生因素，改进预防控制措施。方法采取床旁调查和查阅运行病例和终末病历的方法，对2013、2014年相同日期住院患者进行医院感染现患率调查。结果二年共调查住院患者620例，实查率例数608例，实查率分别为97.86%和98.23%，医院感染现患率分别为5.11%和3.59%，略高于当月医院感染发病率（3.92%、2.97%），医院感染部位以下呼吸道（49.65%）为主，其次是泌尿道（21.33%）等。结论医院现患率调查有利于了解医院感染现状,及时发现医院感染日常监测工作存在的问题，采取有效措施降低医院感染率。

简介：摘要消毒供应中心(CSSD)信息管理软件是我院信息化建设的一部分，在医院信息化建设中占有很重要的地位，我院消毒供应中心信息管理软件系统是采用各区配置电脑，网络连接，文件共享的方式，实行物品信息的传递。系统应用结果表明该系统具有输入效率高、数据共享程度高等功能特点，改变了以前手工操作的管理模式，实现了计算机的一体化管理，大大提高了工作效率，加强了物资信息的计算机处理、存储、检索及利用，及时反馈了物资信息的统计数据。同时，该系统成本低，使用方便，能准确进行信息传递、数据统计、成本核算，便于管理者及时掌握物资的整体流转情况，避免了工作中信息逆流和纸质信息不便于存储的现象，有效地防止了医院交叉感染的发生，有力保障了临床一线灭菌物品的及时供应，减少了差错，提高了工作效率和管理水平。

简介：因受听力障碍的影响,聋生接受信息的渠道主要依靠视觉,造成聋生语言发展缓慢.加强语言训练是各科教师的教学内容之一,数学语言是学好数学的基础,也是发展聋生思维的工具,发展聋生语言的关键在于多读多说.本文阐述了把数学阅读引入课堂教学的意义和开展数学阅读的设想,着重介绍了数学阅读在教学过程中的实施情况.

简介：12月19日，中国科学院、中国工程院2013年增选院士名单公布，我刊主编、中国医师协会耳鼻咽喉科医师分会会长韩德民教授当选中国工程院院士。

简介：摘要目的探讨中职实习护生临床实习压力源与应对措施。方法采用Beck－Srivastava压力量表对300名实习护生进行压力源调查，并用《护生减轻压力训练教程》进行减压训练(包括正确认知、人文关怀、自觉体验、从容应对、心理调节等方面)，比较和评价减压前后的变化及效果。结果干预后，护生管理因素方面的压力显著降低，差异有统计学显著意义(P＜0.01)，护生感知学校学生科和临床带教老师的联合支持、意识、目标、行动和过程管理5个方面的支持水平以及总体支持水平提高。结论学生管理人员认识压力的存在和压力因素并采取有效的减压训练、干预和管理支持，可有效地减少临床实习护生的压力。

简介：目的对云南3所特殊教育学校聋生人群进行系统性的耳聋临床资料分析，为开展耳聋基因的分子流行病学研究提供参考依据。方法了解聋生详细的耳聋病史；进行全身及耳鼻咽喉常规检查；进行纯音听阂测试及声导抗测试，了解聋生双耳听功能和中耳功能状况。结果聋生耳聋前有耳毒性药物用药史者占8．2％，有家族史者占19．5％，综合征性耳聋占5．3％，耳聋病因不明者亦占较大比例；汉族与非汉族聋生在综合征性耳聋和聋前用药史方面无显著差异，汉族聋生有家族史的比例高于非汉族聋生。结论云南省聋生可能的致聋原因有遗传性聋、药物性聋，但大部分聋生病因不明，尚需借助分子生物学理论和技术，从基因水平进行耳聋病因学的深入研究。。