简介：Cisplatindamagescochlearhaircellsandspiralganglionneuronsthroughcelldeathsignalingpathwaysthatarenotfullyunderstood.Weusedfocusedapoptosisgenemicroarraystostudyearlychangesingeneexpres-sionincochlearculturesfromP3neonatalratstreatedwithcisplatin(0.2mM).After12hoursofcisplatintreat-ment,morethan50%ofthe96genesonthearrayshowedasignificantdecreaseinexpression,consistentwithwidespreadcelldeath.However,after3hoursofcisplatintreatment,10genesshowedsignificantincreaseinex-pressionintotalcochleartissue.Inexperimentswithsubsetsofcochleartissues,at3h,cisplatininducedincreasedexpressionof12genesinthecochlearsensoryepithelium(basilarmembrane)and11genesinthespiralganglion(tissueofRosenthal'scanal,containingthespiralganglion).Theseincludedpro-andanti-apoptoticgenesin-volvedinthep53signalingpathway,TNFreceptorfamily,NF-kappaBpathway,deathdomainfamily,deatheffec-tordomainfamily,Bcl-2family,CARDfamily,TRAFfamily,andGTPsignaltransduction.Althoughthechangesingeneexpressionshowedanoverlapbetweenbasilarmembraneandspiralganglion,otherchanges,whichmayreflecttheuniqueresponseofeachtissue,werealsoobserved.Pifithrin-αblockedcisplatin-inducedup-regulationofgenesinthep53signalingpathwaywhenassayedbybothsuperarrayandrealtimePCR.Thedataaddtoourunderstandingoftheinvolvementofp53incisplatin-inducedototoxicityandotoprotection,conferredbythep53inhibitorPifithrin-α.

简介：NuclearfactorkappaB(NF-κB)isoneofthebest-characterizedtranscriptionfactorsplayingimportantrolesinmanycellularresponsestoalargevarietyofstimuli,includinginflammatorycytokines,phorbolesters,growthfactors,andbacterialandviralproducts.TheaimofthisstudyistodemonstrateNF-κBexpressioninthemousecochleaanditsenhancementinresponsetolipopolysaccharides(LPS)andkanamycin(KA)treatment.MethodsKAtreatmentconsistedofsubcutaneousKAinjectionsat700mg/kgtwiceadaywithaneight-hourintervalbetweenthetwoinjectionsfor3or7days.ForanimalsintheLPStreatmentgroup,asingledoseof0.3mgLPSdissolvedin0.2mlsterilesalinewereinjectedintobothbullaethroughthetympanicmembraneandkepttherefor3hours.Animalsinthecontrolgroupreceivedsubcutaneoussalineinjectionfor7days.Followingimmmunohistochemichalprocessingwithrabbitpolyclonalanti-NF-κBp65antibodies,cryosectionsofthecochleawereexaminedforexpressionofNF-κBp65invariousstructuresinthecochlea.ResultsNF-κBp65expression,identifiedbypresenceofbrownreactionproductscharacteristicofDABimmunohistochemistry,wasvisibleinthespiralligament,spiralprominence,tectorialmembrane(TM),spiralganglionandnervefibers.RelativelyweakNF-κBp65expressionwasalsovisualizedintheorganofCorti.WithintheorganofCorti,theinnerhaircells(IHC),outerhaircells(OHC),innerpillarcells(IP),outerpillarcells(OP),Deiter'scells(DC),andBoettcher'scellsexhibitedstrongerstainingthantheinnersulcuscells,Hensen'scells(HC)andClaudius'cells.NoNF-κBp65expressionwasseeninthenucleusoftheIHCandOHC.NF-κBp65expressionwasincreasedinanimalsexposedtoLPSorKA,demonstratingsignificantdifferencesinthestainingbetweencontrolanimalsandLPS/KA-treatedanimals.NF-κBp65expressionwasnotsignificantlydifferentbetweenLPStreatedandKAtreatedanimalsorbetween3and7daysinKA-treatedanimals.Conclusio

简介：ObjectiveAlongwithchangesintheecologysystemandundertheinfluenceofvariousenvironmentalfactors,theincidenceoftumorhasbeenincreasingyearafteryear.Thereisatrendincancertherapytomovetocombinedtherapiesinvolvingsurgery,radiationchemotherapyandgenetherapy.Cancergenetherapyinrecentyearshasbroughtnewopportunitiesfortreatmentoftumor.Itsadvantagesincludelowrateoftolerance,insensitivitytocellcycles,highspecificityandcoverageforbothprimaryandmetastatictumors1,2.However,thisisanewfieldofclinicalresearch.RegardingthecorrelationamongtheSTAT3,CyclinD1andP21genesandtumors,researchhasfocusedontheirexpressionandregulation.Thisarticleprovidesasummaryofrelatedresearch.

简介：Background:Currently,thereisasignificantlackofdataconcerninglong-termoutcomesfollowingpaediatriccochlearimplantationintermsofqualityoflife.Thereisaneedforalong-term,prospectivestudyinthisregard.Thisstudyaimsathighlightingthepreliminaryresults,oneyearpostsurgeryofafiveyearprospectivestudy.Methods:TheCochlearTMPaediatricImplantedRecipientObservationalStudy（P-IROS）isaprospective,patientoutcomesregistryforroutinelyimplantedchildren.Thestudycollectsdatausingquestionnairespost-surgeryandatregularintervalsuptofiveyears.Results:AtourCentre,159cochlearimplantsurgeryprocedureswerecarriedoutbetweenJanuary2014andDecember2014.CategoryofAuditoryPerformanceIIscoreincreasedfrom‘0’to‘3’atsixmonthsandto‘5’at12monthsforchildrenaged0—3years,althoughthiswasnotstatisticallysignificant.However,thesametrendwasstatisticallysignificantfortheage3—6yearandage6—10yearbrackets.Thequalityoflifeofthechildimprovedsignificantly.Analysisofcommunicationmoderevealedastatisticallysignificantoverallshifttotheauditory-oralmodefromtotalcommunication.Conclusion:Cochlearimplantationisalife-changingintervention.Theevidenceinsupportofwhatitcanachievesafelyisclear.However,thecostsassociatedwithitraisethequestionifitwillremainaneffectiveoptionforlifeinallchildren.TheCochlearP-IROSisanattempttoanswerthesameoverafiveyearperiod.OurstudyinNewDelhi,sofarconcludesthatcochlearimplantationinapopulationwithlimitedaccesstofundsisveryeffective,oneyearaftersurgery.

简介：目的研究10号染色体缺失张力蛋白磷酸酶（phosphataseandtensinhomologuedeletedonchromosometen，PTFEN）、磷酸化Akt（P—Akt）及核转录因子-KB（NF—KB）在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中的表达，探讨P13K（phos—phatidylinositol-3-kinase，磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶）-Akt信号通路在中耳胆脂瘤上皮细胞过度增殖机制中的可能作用。方法采用免疫组织化学SP法（辣根酶标记链霉卵白素连接法，streptavidin—peroxidaseconjugatedmethod）检测30例中耳胆脂瘤组织标本与15例正常外耳道皮肤标本中PTEN、P—Akt及NF—KB蛋白的表达。结果PTEN蛋白阳性表达主要定位于上皮细胞核，其在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中阳性表达率为36．7％，明显低于正常外耳道皮肤组的9313％（P〈0．01）；P—Akt蛋白阳性表达主要定位于上皮细胞胞质，其在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中阳性表达率为70．0％．明显高于正常外耳道皮肤组的26．7％（P〈0．01）；NF—KB蛋白阳性表达定位于上皮细胞核．其在中耳胆脂瘤上皮中阳性表达率为63-3％，明显高于正常外耳道皮肤组的20．0％（P〈0．01）。在30例中耳胆脂瘤上皮组织中，PTEN分别与P—Akt、NF—KB蛋白的表达之间呈显著负相关（P〈0．01），而P—Akt和NF—KB蛋白的表达呈显著正相关（P〈0．01）。结论PTEN、P-Akt和NF—KB在中耳胆脂瘤上皮的异常表达可能在胆脂瘤的发生、发展过程中起重要作用。胆脂瘤上皮中P13K—Akt信号通路的激活可能参与了胆脂瘤上皮细胞过度增殖机制。

简介：Objective:Todeterminewhetheranew-bornchildfromafamilycarryingadeafnessgeneneedscochlearimplantationtoavoiddysphoniabyscreeningandsequencingadeafness-relatedgene.Results:BothscreeningandsequencingresultsconfirmedthatthenewbornchildhadanormalGJB2genedespitethefactthatshehasabrothersufferingfromhearinglosstriggeredbyanallelicGJB2c.176del16mutation.WeclonedtheGJB2genesderivedfromtheirrespectivebloodgenomicDNAintoGFPfusedplasmidsandtransfectedthoseplasmidsintothe293Tcelllinetotestforgenefunction.WhilethemutatedGJB2gene(GJB2c.176del16)ofherdeafbrotherwasfoundtobeunabletoformthegapjunctionstructurebetweentwoadjacentcells,thebabygirl’sGJB2generanintonosuchproblems.Conclusion:ThescreeningandsequencingaswellastheGJB2genefunctiontestsinvariablyshowedresultsconsistentwiththeABRtestedhearingphenotype,whichmeansthatthechild,withanormalwildtypeGJB2gene,doesnotneedearlyinterventiontopreventherfromdevelopinghearinglossanddysphoniaatalaterstageinlife.

简介：ObjectivesToevaluateperipheralauditorydysfunctioninseniledementiaofAlzheimer'sdisease(AD)anditsrelationshipwithcognitivedysfunction.MethodsPuretonethresholds,wordrecognitionscores(WRS),acousticimmittanceandauditorybrain-stemresponses(ABR)weretestedtoevaluatetheauditoryfunctionin43ADpatientsand50normalsubjects.ThetestreliabilityinthesesubjectswasexaminedbeforethetestresultswereevaluatedfortheircorrelationwiththeMiniMentalStateExamination(MMSE)score.ResultsTherewerenostatisticallysignificantdifferencesinperipheralauditoryfunctionsbetweenthetwoearsinthetestedsubjectsorbetweenthetwogroupswhentheauditometricresultsoftherightearwerecompared(P>0.05).Also,therewerenostatisticallysignificantdifferencesbetweenthetwogroupswhenaudiometrictestreliability,acousticimpedanceandABRresultswerecompared(P>0.05).ConclutionsThepuretoneaudiometricthresholdandWRSinADpatientsaresimilartothoseincomparablenon-ADsenilesubjects.Peripheralauditorydysfunctionisnotrelatedtocognitivedysfunction.

简介：ThisarticlereviewstheeffectivenessofintratympaniccorticosteroidsforvertigocontrolinM_eni_ere'sdiseaseat2-yearsfollow-upaccordingtotheguidelinesexpressedbytheAmericanAcademyofOtolaryngology-Head&NeckSurgery.DespitetheincreaseduseofintratympaniccorticosteroidsforvertigocontrolinM_eni_ere'sdiseasethereisdebateastotheireffectiveness,particularlycomparedtogentamicin.Evenso,afterjustasinglecourseofinjections,corticosteroidscanreliablyprovidecompletevertigocontrol(ClassA)at2-yearsinabout50%ofcasesasindicatedinarecentdouble-blindrandomizedcontrolledclinicaltrial(Pateletal.,2016).Buttheeffectivenessofintratympaniccorticosteroidstrulyincreaseswhentreatmentisprovided'as-needed',wherebycompletevertigocontrolisestablishedinupto91%ofcases.Onthebasisofavailableliterature,thereisgoodevidencetorecommendtheuseofintratympanicsteroidtreatmentforvertigocontrolinM_eni_ere'sdisease,butpatientsmustbemonitoredfornon-response.Therationalefortreatingpatientsas-neededandthepossiblereasonsforcorticosteroidnonresponsearediscussed.

简介：Aratmodelofchronictympanicmembraneperforationwasdevelopedtobeusedinthesearchofnewmaterialsforthesealingoftheseperforations.AlongitudinalstudywascarriedoutinratssubjectedtoincisionalmyringotomyfollowedbytheapplicationofmitomycinCaloneorwithdexamethasone.Ratswerecheckedatdays3,7,10,14andweeklythereafteruntilperforationclosure,forupto6months.Theadditionofdexamethasoneisakeycomponentinordertoobtainachronicopening.Myringotomiestreatedwithsalinehadameanhealingtimeof8.5days.At8weeks,between62.5%and77.7%oftympanicmembranestreatedwithmitomycinCanddexamethasoneremainedperforatedandat6monthsthisnumberfellto21.4%.Thistechniqueisabletomaintainmosttympanicmembraneperforationspatentforatleast8weeks.Thisratmodelisadequateforitsuseinpreclinicalortranslationalresearch.

简介：Bell’spalsyisacommonlyseencranialnervediseaseandcanresultincompromisedfacialappearanceandfunctions.Itsetiology,prognosisandtreatmentarestillbeingdebated.Thispaperisareviewofrecentdevelopmentintheunderstandingofetiology,diagnosisandnon-surgicaltreatmentofBell’spalsy.

简介：ObjectiveToreportoutcomesofnonsurgicalandsurgicalmanagementofMenière’sdiseaseatBeijingTiantanHospital.MethodsPatientswithMenière’sdiseasewerecategorizedintogroupsbasedonhearingandqualityoflife.Individualizedmanagementwasprovided,includinglifestylemodification,drugtherapies,endolymphaticsacdecompressionandlabyrinthectomy.Treatmentoutcomeswereevaluatedduringupto24monthsfollowup.ResultsEightysevenpatientsunderwentlifestylemodificationanddrugtherapies.ThevertigocontrolrateofGradeAandBwas76.9%and83.8%respectively.Sixpatientsreceivedsurgicalmanagement,includingendolymphaticsacdecompression(n=5)andlabyrinthectomy(n=1).Forthesepatients,thevertigocontrolrateofGradeAandBwas80%and100%,respectively.ConcluIsionsManagementofMenière’sdiseasedependsonseveralfactors,i.e.severitiesofvertigoandhearingloss,qualityoflife,surgicalcontraindicationsandpatientsubjectivedesire.Thetreatmentisdrugtherapiesforthemajorityofpatients,aswellaslifestylemodification.Surgicalindicationsarerareandtheleastinvasiveproceduresshouldbeconsideredfirst.Theresultsofsurgeryaregenerallysatisfying.

简介：Objective:EvaluatingtheauditoryfunctioninpatientswithchronichepatitisCtreatedwithsofosbuvirandribavirin.Methods:Thisstudyinvolved80patientswithchronichepatitisCwhoagreedtoreceivesofosbuvirandribavirin.Allparticipantsweresubjectedtobaselineotologicalandaudiologicalassessmentjustbeforetreatment.Theaudiologicalassessmentincludedstandardpuretoneaudiometry,extendedhighfrequencyaudiometry,immitancemetryandotoacousticemissions(OAEs)(transientanddistortionproduct).Accordingtobaselinehearingthresholdmeasurements,thestudypopulationwasdividedinto2groups.Group1included42patientswithnormalhearingsensitivity(250e8000Hz),andGroup2included38patientswithsensorineuralhearingloss.After24weeksoftherapy,otologicalandaudiologicalassessmentswererepeatedandcomparedbetweenthetwogroupsandbeforeandaftertherapy.Results:Post-treatmenthearingthresholdevaluationshowednosignificantdifferencefrompretreatmentevaluationatalltestedfrequencies.Therewasnostatisticallysignificantdifferencebetweenpreandpost-treatmentotoacousticemissionsresults.Conclusion:TherapywithsofosbuvirandribavirininchronichepatitisChasnonoticeableeffectsoncochlearfunctions.

简介：目的通过本实验证明s/z比值在聋儿言语呼吸中的临床应用价值.材料:在上海市随机选取4-17岁640名健听儿童,从国内外数家康复中心随机选出共29名配戴助听器且采用腹式呼吸的聋儿接受s/z测试,以及30名接受胸式呼吸训练的配戴助听器聋儿.方法采用"实时言语矫治仪"进行测试,令受试者先发/s/音,然后发/z/音,均符合最长声时的发音要求,然后求其比值.结果s/z比值不受年龄、性别的影响,且聋儿组康复训练前后s/z比值有着显著性差异,胸式呼吸的s/z比远大于腹式呼吸组.结论s/z比值能够进一步检测出聋儿言语呼吸不协调的问题,为制定康复方案提供了有价值的参考;同时证明胸式呼吸不仅使得聋儿的言语呼吸支持不足,而且造成呼吸和发音系统的严重不协调.

简介：《喉科手术学》2000年出版，2002年第2次印刷。近十年间随着医学技术飞跃发展，喉科手术也在不断更新及创新。为了适应新的形式，人民卫生出版社于2007年出版了《喉科手术学》第2版。此版主要围绕有关保留、改菩喉功能的理论，特别是新发展的手术为主要增修内容，增加了与保留和改善喉功能研究发展相关的喉及喉咽的解剖及生理：增补了保留或改善喉功能的手术、喉显微手术、喉咽癌激光手术、喉返神经单、双侧麻痹及喉手术后喉功能不良新发展的喉功能整复术、喉误吸手术、喉蹼切除术、喉肉芽肿切除术、杓状软骨脱位、骨折和固定的整复术：补充了喉气管狭窄，喉、喉咽和颈食管癌等新的手术方法；充实了甲状腺肿瘤手术，颈淋巴结清扫术内容，

简介：TheGJB2gene(connexin26)hasbeenshowntoberesponsibleforDFNB1andDFNA3.WescreenedtheGJB2genein488patientswithprelingualdeafness(Group1),124withpostlingualdeafness(Group2),and117normalhearingsubjects(Group3).Wefoundthat,inGroup1,65patients(13.32%)werehomozygotesorcompoundheterozygotesand51patients(10.45%)carriedasinglepathogenicmutation.The235delCmutationwasthemostfrequentmutation,accountingfor73.22%oftheknownpathogenicallelesinGroup1.NohomozygotesorcompoundheterozygotesweredetectedinGroup2orGroup3.Somepostlingualdeafpatients(2.42%)andnormalhearingsubjects(4.27%)were235delCcarriers.Ourpreliminarydataindicatethat235delC,themostfrequentmutationidentifiedinthisstudy,isamajorcauseforprelingualdeafness.

简介：ObjectiveToinvestigatetheearlychangeofcochlearribbonsynapsesoninnerhaircellsinresponsetoaminoglycosideototoxicity.MethodsC57BL/6Jmicereceivedintraperitonealinjectionofgentamicin(100mg/kg/day),andtheapicalcoilorganofCortiwasexaminedonthe4th,7thand10thday(n=10).Litter-mateswithoutgentamicintreatmentservedascontrols(n=10).RIBEYEonthepresynapticmembraneandAMPAreceptorsonthepostsynapticmembranewerelabeledwithCtBP2orGluR2/3respectively.Threedi-mensionreconstructionwasconductedusingthe3DSMAX8.0software.ResultsTherewerenodisruptionsofouterorinnerhaircellsinallgroups.However,thenumberofribbonsynapsesoncochlearinnerhaircellsincreasedsignificantlywithin7daysaftergentamicinexposure(P<0.01),followedbyasignificantde-creaseafter7days.ConclusionDuringtheearlystageofaminoglycosideototoxicity,increasedpopulationofcochlearribbonsynapsesmayindicateasignificantdown-regulationofsynapticfunction.

简介：ObjectiveTostudycharacteristicsofhearinglossafterexposuretomoderatenoiseexposureinC57BL/6Jmice.MethodsMaleC57BL/6Jmicewithnormalhearingatageof5-6weekswerechosenforthisstudy.Themicewererandomlyselectedtobestudiedimmediatelyafterexposure(GroupP0),or1day(GroupP1),3days(GroupP3),7days(GroupP7)or14days(P14)afterexposure.Theirbeforeexposureconditionservedasthenormalcontrol.Allmicewereexposedtoabroad-bandwhitenoiseat100dBSPLfor2hours,ABRthresholdswereusedtoestimatehearingstatusateachtimepoint.ResultsABRthresholdelevationwasseenateverytestedfrequencyatP0(P<0.01).Elevationathigh-frequencies(16kHzand32kHz)wasgreaterthanatlowerfrequencies(4kHzand8kHz,P<0.05).FromP1toP14,ABRthresholdscontinuouslyimproved,andtherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenP14andbeforeexposure(P>0.05).ConclusionThereisafrequencyspecificresponseto100dBSPLbroad-bandwhitenoiseinC57BL/6Jmice,withthehigh-frequencybeingmoresusceptible.HearinglossinducedbymoderatenoiseexposureappearsreversibleinC57BL/6Jmice.

简介：目的构建含有人E2F2基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因（pEGFP）的腺病毒载体,为聋病的基因治疗奠定实验基础。方法根据已知的E2F2基因序列设计并合成相应的双链DNA,将其与酶切线性化的pDC315-EGFP载体片段连接,构建穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2,并将其与腺病毒骨架质粒pBHGlox△E1,3Cre共转染HEK293细胞,同源重组产生重组腺病毒。对重组腺病毒进行扩增、纯化及滴度测定,用聚合酶链反应和测序方法验证穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2穿梭质粒的构建;通过荧光显微镜和Westernblot（蛋白质印迹）方法,分别检测质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2和重组腺病毒表达E2F2蛋白情况。结果经聚合酶链反应鉴定和测序分析,证实穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2与设计一致;经荧光显微镜检测,分别由穿梭质粒pDC315-GFP-E2F2、重组腺病毒转染的HEK293细胞均可观察到GFP表达;经WesternBlot检测出在72kDa～95kDa处有条特征带,其大小和E2F2-GFP融合蛋白（～76kDa）相吻合;滴度测定为1×1011PFU/ml（PFU,plaqueformingunit,空斑形成单位）。结论成功构建了人E2F2基因重组腺病毒载体,并能在HEK293细胞中表达。

简介：遗传性耳聋包括非综合征型耳聋non—syndromichearingimpairment，NSHI）和综合征型耳聋（syndromichearingimpairment，SHI），其中NSHI占70％，，遗传缺陷是以感音神经性聋为主，基本无其他异常；SHI占30％，临床表现除听力障碍以外还伴有其他症状和体征。迄今为止，发现400多个遗传性综合征与耳聋有关，140多个基因位点与NSHI有关，确定60多个耳聋基因。

简介：WehavedeliveredviralvectorscontainingeitherChop2fusedwithGFP,Channelrhodopsin-2(ChR2),orHalorhodopsin(HaloR)fusedwithmCherry(toformlightgatedcationchannelsorchloridepumps,respectively),intothedorsalcochlearnucleus(DCN).OnetoeighteenmonthslaterweexaminedtheCNandinferiorcolliculus(IC)forevidenceofvirallytransfectedcellsandprocesses.ProductionofChR2andHaloRwasobservedthroughouttheDCN.Rhodopsinlocalizationwithinneuronswasdetermined,withelongate,fusiformandgiantcellsidentifiedbasedonmorphologyandlocationwithintheDCN.ProductionofChR2andHaloRwasfoundatboththeinjectionsiteaswellasinregionsprojectingtoandfromtheDCN.LightdrivenneuronalactivityintheDCNwasdependentuponthewavelengthandintensityofthelight,withonlytheappropriatewavelengthresultinginactivationandhigherintensitylightresultinginmoreneuronalactivity.Transfectingcellsviaviraldeliveryofrhodopsinscanbeusefulasatracttracerandasaneuronalmarkertodelineatepathways.Inthefuturerhodopsindeliveryandactivationmaybedevelopedasanalternativetoelectricalstimulationofneurons.