简介：Objective:ToanalyzemoleculartrendsoftheHIVepidemicinShenzhen.Methods:SerumcollectedfromShenzhenAIDSpatientsbetween1992-1999wasanalyzedusingmoleculartechniques.DNAfragmentsoftheHIV-1EnvgenewereamplifiedbynestedPCRfromunculturedperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)fromtheseserumsamples.TheC2-C3regionoftheEnvgenewassequencedandanalyzed.Specifichigh-riskbehaviorswerealsoanalyzed.Results:WefoundthatthetransmissionofHIVinthecitywasmainlythroughsexualbehaviors(46.0%).TherewerefourHIV-1subtypes:B′,B,CandEwith6.31%,7.95%,3.09%and8.92%genedivergenceinsideeachsubtypeinShenzhen.Theseresultssuggestedthatepidemictimeswere6,8,3and9respectively.ThemainepidemicsubtypeswereEandBstrains.AIDSpatient''''''''santigenicvariationwasslightlyhigherthanthatofHIVinfectedindividuals.Conclusion:SurveillancedatareflecttrendsandtheepidemictimeofHIV,whichwillbeusefulforpolicymakerstoformulateeffectivestrategiesofHIV/AIDSpreventionandcontrolinShenzhen.

简介：THEHIVEPIDEMICINCHINAisaccelerating,withcurrentestimatestoppingonemillionseropositiveindividuals.1Accordingtothelimiteddata,themajorityoftransmissionhasbeenamonghigh-riskpopulations,includinginjectiondrugusers(IDUs),bloodproductdonors/recipients,andcommercialsexworkers.StudieshaveshownHIVseroprevalencerangingfrom5%inGuangzhousexworkersto54%inwomenwitha

简介：Abstract:TheP24antigentest,HIVRNAPCRtest,HIVisolation/cultureandfourth-generationHIVuniformAg/AbassayarebeingutilizedindiagnosingacuteHIVinfectionindifferentlabs.ManyfactorslimittheuseofscreeningforacuteHIVinhigh-riskpopulations,inblooddonorsandduringvoluntaryHIVtesting,including,cost,technique,sensitivityandspecificity.InthisreviewweexploreanewNAATmethodwhichinvolvesHIVRNART-PCRonpooledsamples.Thistechniqueisabletoscreenforacuteinfectionsinalargetestingvolumeandmayheusedasascreeningmethodinhigh-riskpopulationsandblooddonors.

简介：患者男，23岁。主诉：肛周潮湿、里急后重感1周。现病史：患者自诉近一周肛周常有轻度瘙痒，肛周不适并伴里急后重，有潮湿感，纸巾揩拭后纸巾间有黄色分泌物。每天大便3～4次。患者自述为同性恋，近3个月与多个性伴有多次无保护肛交及口交史。

简介：Objective:TomakeasummaryofthetrendsofHIV/AIDSepidemicandrouteoftransmissioninShenzhenfrom1992to2000toprovidescientificevidenceforthepolicy-makertoformulatestrategiesofHIV/AIDSpreventionandcontrolinShenzhen.Method:ToanalyzeHIV/AIDSsurveillancedatainShenzhenfrom1992to2000bysoftwareEpi-Info.Results:OnehundredandtwoHIVpositivecasesincluding18AIDScases(threecasesdeceased)wereidentifiedinShenzhenfrom1992to2000.Amongthe102cases,thoseinfectedviasexwere46.0%,intravenousdruguse42.9%.Blooddonation7.8%,bloodtransfusionrecipient3.9%,andindeterminate2%.Conclusion:InShenzhen,HIV/AIDSinfectionisspreadingandincreasingrapidly.EffectivepreventionmeasuresmustbetakentoreducetheHIVprevalenceassoonaspossible.

简介：THEFIRSTCASEofAIDSintheUSAwasrecognizedtwodecadesago,withtheearlycasesrepresentinghomosexualswithpneumocysticcariniipneumoniaorKaposi’ssarcoma.Sincethenthediseasehasspreadworldwidewithoutsparinganycontinent.HIVhascauseddeathsandseveresocio-economicimpactindevelopedandunderdevelopingcountries.

简介：THEURGENCYOFtheHIVepidemicinChinahascreatedsubstantialinterestintheprevention,treatment,care,andadvocacyofHIVandAIDS.ChinahasinvestedlargeportionsofitspublichealthstructuretocurbthespreadoftheHIVepidemicwithinitsborders.however,trainingandeducationofphysicianshasbeentraditionallylessemphasized,stalledattheintersectionbetweenhealtheducation,clinicalscience,andpublichealth.^2TheemergingHIV/AIDScliniciantrainingneedsmustberevisitedinlightofthehistoricalandbiologicalcontextofHIVinChina.ThisbriefreviewofthecliniciantrainingneedsinChinawillexaminethehistoryofSTDsinChina,thebiologicalcorollariesimportanttotraining,andtheendpointsofrecentstudiesassessingChineseHIVandsexuallytransmitteddisease(STI)cliniciantraining.

简介：HIVinfectionandAIDShasemergedasamajorpublichealthproblemallovertheworld.Inthe1980s,theinfectionwasfirstfoundtobetransmittedthroughhomosexualactivityandbloodproducttransfusion.Nowitisspreadingamongheterosexualsandinjectiondrugusers,andcanbetransmittedfrommotherstoinfants.

简介：Objective:ToelucidategeneralcharacteristicsofHIV/AIDSpatientsseekingcareatDitanHospitalinanattempttoguideearlydiagnosisinroutinemedicalcare.Materialsandmethods:Aretrospectiveanalysisof185HIV/AIDScasesfromJanuary1990toJune2002wascompletedusingSPSSstatisticalanalysis.Results:Maletofemaleratiowas1.8:1.Subjectsrangedinagefrom1yearoldto64yearsold.16caseswereyoungerthan20yearsoldwiththemedianageamongtheyoungersubsetat7.7years.169caseswereolderthan20yearsoldwithamedianageof36yearsold.29%ofthesubjectswerepeasants.Theremaining71%,wereofotherunspecifiedoccupations.90.8%ofindividualswereofHandescentwhile3.7%ofindividualswereofaminorityheritage.50.3%ofsubjectsweremarried;23.8%havenevermarried;8.1%weredivorced;andtheremaining17.8%wereofunknownmaritalstatus.Ofthoserepresentedinthisstudy,36.8%camefromtheHenanprovince;17.8%werefromBeijing;8.6%werefromShanxi;31.4%fromtheother20provincesofChina;and5.4%fromoutsideofChina.Modeoftransmission:40.0%(74/185)contractedHIVthroughunprotectedsexualcontact;29.2%(54/185)throughreceivingbloodorplasmatransfusions;21.1%(39/185)throughdonatingplasma;7caseswereintravenousdrugusers;7caseswereverticallytransmitted.Modeoftransmissionwasunknownin4cases.Clinicalcategories:Anincluded45cases;Bincluded85cases:Cconsistedof76cases.12casesweredeceased.Initialpresentation:39casespresentedwith_fever,coughanddiarrhea.37caseshadfeverandcoughonly-38casespresentedwithchronicdiarrhea.16caseswerediscoveredincidentallyattimeofoperation.8casespresentedwithfungalinfectionoftheoralcavityorinesophagus.ThecommonHIVassociatedsymptomsandopportunisticinfectionswere:weightlossanddiarrhea,respiratorydiseases,dermatologicdiseases,anemia,neutropenia.Diseasesofotherorgansystemswerelesscommon.Commonmisdiagnosesincluded

简介：目的：通过实验诊断方法,研究HIV与梅毒同时感染的相关性。方法：用梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验（TPPA）、梅毒甲苯胺红不加热法（TRUST）和电化学发光法（ECLA）同时检测192例HIV-Ab/P24阳性血清,包括疾控中心免疫印迹（WB）阳性血清77例（实验组）,不确定和阴性血清115例（对照组）,用χ^2检验统计分析。结果：实验组中,TPPA阳性36例（18.8%）,TRUST阳性27例（14.1%）,TPPA与HIV-Ab/P24差异有统计学意义（χ^2=21.08,P〈0.01）;对照组中,TPPA阳性8例（4.2%）,TRUST阳性2例（1.0%）,TPPA与HIV-Ab/P24差异有统计学意义（χ^2=136.95,P〈0.01）。结论：HIV感染患者,合并感染梅毒的几率很大,且梅毒发作期患者比例高。

简介：Abstract5033farmerswereinterviewedtoparticipateinaclustersamplingsurveyonfactorsrelatedtotheHIV/AIDSepidemicinoneruralareainChina.Theresultsshowedthatfemalesattendedschoolforashortertimethanmales,maleshadahigherawarenessofHIV/AIDSandheldmorepositiveattitudestowardPLWHAs.Nearlyequalpercentagesofmenandwomenintheareasurveyed,soldblood.Elevenpercentmorementhanwomenhadahistoryofmigration.Condomusewasquitelowamongthesexuallyactivepopulationsurveyed.ResultsindicatedthataneducationcampaignonHIV/AIDSpreventioninruralareasshouldintegrategenderperspectivesandensurethattheinterventioncoverswomen.Futureinterventionsshouldbedesignedtotargetmaleandfemalemigration,andshouldfocusonmodifyingtheperceptionsofsocialnormsgoverninggenderrolesinadditiontoprovidingHIVpreventioninformationinordertocontaintheHIV/AIDSepidemicatitscurrentstageinChina.

简介：Objective:Toanalyzesubtypesandquasi-speciesofisolatedvirusesfromHIV-1infectedindividualsamongthepopulationepidemiologicaldynamicsoflocalHIV-1isolates,thuslayingafoundationfordesigningacandidateAIDSvaccine.Methods:Byhetero-duplexmobilityassay(HMA)andsinglestrandconformationpoly-morphism(SSCP)analysisonampliconsfromsingle-primedpolymerasechainreaction(SP-PCR),subtypesandquasi-speciesoftestedHIV-1isolateswereelucidated,andampliconsweresequencedforconfirmation.Results:Specificampliconsfromdifferentsubtypesandquasi-speciesofHIV-1couldbediscerniblebyHMAandSSCPanalysis.HIV-1isolatesfromdifferentpatientsmightbeeitheradifferentsrbtypeoranidenticalsubtype,andHIV-1isolatesfromanindividualwerepresentinapopulationofquasi-species.

简介：Objective:ToevaluatethehumoralimmuneinductioninratsofacandidateAIDSvaccineexpressingthegagp24genefromasubtypeBHIV-1isolate.Methods:Theamplifiedp24genewasinsertedintoaneukaryoticexpressionvectortoformthesupercoiledDNAvaccine.ThelinearizedexpressedDNAvaccinewaspreparedfromtheexpressionplasmidbypolymerasechainreaction(PCR).TheantigengeneexpressioninratsofthelinearizedandsupercoiledDNAvaccineswereinvitroandinvivodetected.Results:InvitrotranscriptionandNorthernhybridizationshowedthatthelinearizedDNAvaccinecouldsynthesizeamountsofp24mRNAsimilartothesupercoiledDNAvaccine.AntibodyassaysofinoculatedratsconfirmedthatthelinearizedexpressionDNAcouldinduceaslightlyhigherantibodytiterthantheexpressionplasmid,whilethehighestantibodytiterhadbeeninducedbyplasmidplusadjuvantinoculation.Conclusion:TheconstructionofacandidateAIDSvaccinebasedonthep24genecouldshedlightonapotentialHIVvaccine,meritingevaluationinarhesusmacaqueSHIV-AIDSmodel.

简介：EthicsinChinesesexuallytransmittedinfectionresearcharefundamental.SomerecentHarvardgeneticsresearchinAnhuiProvinceshowshowextremelywealthyandpowerfulresearcherscanexploitpoorruralfarmersinChina.AfterseveralyearsofcontroversyandastatementfromtheHarvardpresidentsayingthatthegeneticsexperimentswere"badlywrong",therearestillquestionsaboutforgedinformedconsent(ChinaDaily2003,AHSRP2004).Sincethesegeneticsprojectswereinitiallydiscovered,theUSgovernmentestablishedanewofficetomonitorforeignresearch(Nelson2001).TheobviouslyflawedinternationalresearchcollaborationallowsagoodopportunitytoconsiderthecurrentstateofethicsandrightsinChineseSTIresearch,andestablishastandardforevaluationofresearchatCJSTI.ThisarticlewillexplainseveralcurrentpracticesinChineseSTIresearch,andthenintroduceseveralinternationallyrecognizedstandardsforthinkingaboutpatient'srightsindevelopingcountries.

简介：

简介：Objectives:ToprovidereferencesforHIV/AIDS-re-latedhealtheducationstrategiesthroughsurveyonHIV/AIDS-relatedknowledge,attitudeanddetermi-nantsofHIV/AIDSawareness.Methods:Thestudysubjectswereselectedbyran-dominterceptioninadowntownstreetofGuangzhoucityonWorldAIDSDay-December1,2002.Theuni-formquestionnaireswerefinishedbymeansofself-administration.Results:Twohundredquestionnairesweredistrib-utedand147qualifiedquestionnaireswerecollected.Theresultsshowed,theawarenessrateofHIV/AIDS-relatedknowledgewas63.3%,andawarenessrateoftransmissionrouteswas76.2%,whilstnon-transmis-sionroutewas60.5%;theawarenessrateoftrans-missionwas59.2%;theawarenessrateofpreventionwas47.0%;thepositiveattitudetopeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDSwas65.6%.MultiplevariableLogisticre-gressionanalysisshowedthedeterminantsofHIV/AIDS-relatedknowledgewereeducationlevel,age,maritalstatusandgender,ofwhichpeoplewithhighlevelofeducation,youngageandthegroupofmaleandmarriedhadbetterawarenessofHIV/AIDS.Conclusion:CurrentHIV/AIDS-relatedknowledgeofurbanresidentsisrelativlylow,especiallyforthenon-transmissionroute,hencefurtherHIV/AIDS-re-latededucationshouldbestrengthened,especiallyfo-cusingonnon-transmissionroutetoeliminatedis-criminationoverpeoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS.Further,educationeffortsalsoshouldbeputonfe-malepopulation,unmarriedpopulationandpoorlyedu-catedpopulation.

简介：ChinesepopulationsinfectedwithHIV-1.Methods:GenomeDNAfromperipheralbloodmononuclearcells(PBMCs)of78HIV-1infectorswasamplifiedbypolymerasechainreaction(PCR).CCR5,CCR2bandSDF1genefragmentswereobtainedfromrestrictivefragmentlengthpolymorphism(RFLP)and/orCCR△32,CCR5m303,CCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'Aallelicgenes'mutationalfrequenciesweresequenceddirectlyfromPCRproducts.Results:NoneofCCR5△32,CCR5m303genemutationwerefoundin78subjectswithHIV-1infection.TheallelicgenemutationfrequenciesofCCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'Acorrespondingto14.9-34.0%and17.6-38.2%of95%CI,were22.79%and26.92%respectively.TheircolonydistributionconformedtotheHardy-Weinbergequilibrium.Conclusion:TheHIV-1infectionsfoundatpresentareallsusceptiblepopulationofCCR5△32andCCR5m303.ThepolymorphismandfrequenciesofCCR5△32,CCR5m303,CCR2b-64IandSDF1-3'AallelesfromChineseHIV-1infectedpopulationweredisclosedinthisstudyforthefirsttime,whichisofsignificanceforstudyingthegeneticresistancetosusceptibilitytoHIV-1infectionaswellasAIDSdiseaseprogression.

简介：目的对239例HIV感染者基本情况、皮肤损害和血浆CD4+淋巴细胞计数关系进行分析,探讨HIV感染者并发皮肤病的特点。方法采用比较分析,分为A组有皮肤损害(112人),B组无皮肤损害(127人)。统计皮肤瘙痒及皮疹、黏膜溃疡、口腔糜烂、疱疹等五类皮肤损害,分析两组基本情况差异、血浆CD4+淋巴细胞计数差异及皮损组皮肤损害评分与血浆CD4+淋巴细胞计数的关系。结果239例分析对象皮肤损害发生率为46.86%;皮肤损害组中有皮肤瘙痒者71.43%,皮疹43.75%,黏膜溃疡14.29%,口腔糜烂11.61%,疱疹10.71%;两组均在30～39岁年龄段发病率较高。皮损组血浆CD4+淋巴细胞计数明显低于无皮损组,差异有统计学意义。皮损组血浆CD4+淋巴细胞计数与皮损严重程度无相关性。结论在HIV感染并发皮肤损害者中,皮肤瘙痒和皮疹较为常见。血浆CD4+淋巴细胞计数下降至200个/mm3以下时容易发生皮肤损害,但皮损严重程度与血浆CD4+淋巴细胞计数无明显关系。

简介：目的梳理＂十一五＂课题195例研究样本临床大数据,统计分析2000~2017年中医干预艾滋病毒/艾滋病文献中＂艾滋病病因病机＂、＂临床证候＂和＂临床体质症状＂信息熵,探寻影响中医干预HIV/AIDS主熵变量及相关性,有效减少HIV感染向AIDS病发的转化不确定性,延长HIV感染者带毒生存时间。方法对＂十一五＂课题中医干预试验组195例研究样本临床熵变量进行研究,采用降维分析和偏相关分析法消除干扰因素,确定影响中医药干预HIV/AIDS的主熵变量。结果①主要病因病机为正虚、毒邪、湿温痰湿和伏邪;②HIV以脾肺证型居多,AIDS以脾肾心型居多;③主要体质症状为咳嗽、气短乏力、发热畏寒、头胸腹疼痛、腹泻、皮肤病变（瘙痒）、出汗异常、消瘦、脱发、口味异常等;④HIV/AIDS主熵变量X5（L淋巴细胞）、X6（血小板PLT）、X10（CD4＋计数）、X17.（带毒生存时间Y年）、X18（PRO量表）、X23（身体质量指数BMI）;⑤X6血小板PLT和X17（带毒生存时间Y年）与X23（身体质量指数BMI）正相关,说明HIV/AIDS为消耗性疾病。结论①HIV组对AIDS组有熵变量贡献,说明HIV转化为AIDS的过程是一个量变到质变的渐进过程;②中医药干预HIV/AIDS具有＂既病防变＂和带毒生存的作用;③正气损伤与邪气入侵是艾滋病发展变化的本质,正邪交争的动态变化凸现艾滋病变证丛生;④从研究结果来看,HIV向AIDS转变与体质质量密切相关。这意味着未来在深化中医药干预HIV/AIDS过程中,医者们需要更多地关注体质质量相关指标（肺活量、肌肉含量、脂肪含量、睡眠时间扥）对HIV/AIDS熵积和熵增的影响。

简介：Objective:Toobservetheeffectivenessofhighlyactiveantiretrovirustherapy(HAART)onHIV/AIDSpatients.Methods:UsingHIV-Iquantitativemethodsandimmunologicalfunctioninspection,wemonitored4HIV/AIDSpatientswhoweresufferingfromimmunologicaldeficiencyandweretreatedwithHAART.Results:ThereproductionofHIVinall4patientswasefficientlycontrolledatthe4thweekofthetreatment.Theaverageviralloaddecreasedby1.99Log/ml(0.73-2.46Log/ml).ThenumberofCO+4andCD+sshowedasteadycontinuousincrease4to12weeksafterthetreatment,withanincreaseof67.2%and103.0%respectively.CorrelativestudyamongdifferentvariablesafterthetreatmentrevealedthatpositivecorrelationexistedbetweenthenumberofCD+4andCD+3aswellasCD+8,whilenegativecorrelationexistedbetweenthenumberofCD+4andplasmaviralload.Conclusion:HIV-Iquantitativemethod(plasmaviralload)andthenumberofCD+4inperipheralbloodcanbeusedasimportantreferenceindicatorsinevaluatingHAART.