简介:1病例报告A先生,42岁,国家公务员,已婚,个性外向。2004年下半年因为工作紧张出现失眠,并且有心烦、高兴不起来、做事没有兴趣,自我评价下降,觉得做任何事情效率下降,注意力集中不起来,并且有早醒。就医后诊断抑郁症,服用帕罗西汀20mg/d,1周左右自觉精神状态好转,心情改善显著,思维活动“比平时想得多,想得快”,自我描述为“比平时的状态要好”,唯一不满意的是“勃起不行”,求助医生后,考虑是轻躁狂的出现,建议停用帕罗西汀,改服碳酸锂,但患者要求仅改善“性问题”,为此停用帕罗西汀换用米氮平30mg/d,同时联合碳酸锂0.75/d。随后患者的性问题逐渐好转,同时原来比较兴奋的状态也逐渐消失,如此1年时间,期间基本正常,偶有失眠,能适应工作,工作效率正常。1年后擅自停用碳酸锂,仅服米氮平,约1月后出现入睡困难,但并不感到累,且感觉精力充沛,性情变得急躁,想法多,咨询医生,建立停米氮平,重服碳酸锂,1月后基本恢复正常。
简介:由大熊辉雄教授编写的《脑电图判读stepbystep》(第4版)中文翻译版已于2009年1月在科学出版社出版。其《入门篇》有14章、124节,详细地介绍了脑电图的基本要素、记录方法、伪差的辨认、诱发试验的方法及注意事项、成人及小儿觉醒时正常及异常脑电图、正常及异常睡眠脑电图、老年人的脑电图等阅读方法;《病例篇》共12章,详细介绍了癫痼、意识障碍及睡眠觉醒障碍、脑肿瘤、脑血管病、脑炎性疾病、颅脑创伤、其他慢性脑器质性疾病、内分泌和代谢障碍性疾病和服药时的脑电图阅读方法。该书内容丰富,系统性强,图文并茂,导联标注清楚,易读易懂,使读者能在较短时间内掌握脑电图的基本原理、操作技术和诊断方法,并了解脑电图领域的最新进展。其脑电图均为等比例,可供神经内科、神经外科、精神科、小儿科医师,脑电图工作人员阅读,也可作为临床其他科室医师、进修实习人员及大专院校学生的参考书。
简介:目的探讨硬脊膜外脓肿的临床症状、影像学表现及治疗方法和预后。方法回顾性分析苏州大学附属第一医院自2013年1月—2017年11月收治的4例硬脊膜外脓肿患者(男1例,女3例)的临床资料。其中2例完全瘫痪患者未行手术治疗,予以抗感染、脱水等对症治疗;另2例未完全瘫痪患者行手术治疗。结合文献复习分析该病的临床特点、治疗方法及预后。结果4例患者均表现脊柱疼痛、发热、肢体运动障碍等临床症状。2例未完全截瘫患者经手术及药物治疗后,症状均改善;2例完全截瘫患者治疗后无明显效果。结论硬脊膜外脓肿的治疗效果及预后与病程缓急、患者全身状况及脊髓受压情况、手术是否及时等有密切关系。早期诊断、早期治疗对硬脊膜外脓肿患者的治疗效果和预后极为重要。
简介:BACKGROUND:Calciumion(Ca2+)overloadplaysanimportantroleincerebralischemia/reperfusioninjury.Anisodamine,atypeofalkaloid,canprotectthemyocardiumfromischemiaandreperfusioninjurybyinhibitingintracellularcalcium[Ca2+]ioverload.OBJECTIVE:Toinvestigateeffectsofanisodamineon[Ca2+]iconcentrationandcortexultrastructurefol-lowingacutecerebralischemia/reperfusioninrabbits.DESIGN,TIMEANDSETTING:RandomizedandcontrolledtrialwasperformedattheDepartmentofEmergency,TongjiHospital,TongjiMedicalCollegeofHuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnologyfromSeptembertoDecember2006.MATERIALS:Fortyhealthyrabbitswereusedtoestablishmodelsofacutecerebralischemia/reperfusion.AnisodaminewasprovidedbyLianyungangDongfengPharmaceuticalFactory;Fura-2waspurchasedfromNanjingJianchengBioengineeringInstitute;dual-wavelengthfluorescentspectrophotometrysystemandDM-300softwarewereprovidedbyBio-Rad,USA;OPTON-EM10CtransmissionelectronmicroscopewasproductofSiemens,Germany.METHODS:Fortyrabbitswererandomlydividedintothefollowinggroups:shamoperation,ischemia,ischemia/reperfusion,andanisodamine,withtenrabbitsineachgroup.Modelsofcompletecerebralischemiainjurywereestablished.Inaddition,bloodwascollectedfromthefemoralarteryofratsintheischemia/reperfusionandanisodaminegroupstoinducehypotensionandestablishreperfusioninjurymodels.Thebilateralcommoncarotidarteryclampwasremovedfromtheanisodaminegroup20minutesafterischemia,andanisodamine(10mg/kgbodymass)wasinjectedviathefemoralvein.Rabbitsintheshamoperationgroupunderwentonlyvenouscannulation.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:[Ca2+]iconcentrationwasdeterminedusingadual-wavelengthfluorescentspectrophotometrysystem,andcorticalultrastructurewasobservedfollowinguranyl-leadcitratestaining.RESULTS:Thelevelsof[Ca2+]iintheischemiaandischemia/reperfusiongroupsweresignificantlyin-creased,c
简介:Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis(ALS)isafatalprogressivedisordercharacterizedbytheselectivedegenerationofmotorneurons(MN).TheimpactofperipheralimmunestatusondiseaseprogressionandMNsurvivalisbecomingincreasinglyrecognizedintheALSresearchfield.Inthisreview,webrieflydiscussfindingsfrommousemodelsofperipheralnerveinjuryandimmunodeficiencytounderstandhowtheimmunesystemregulatesMNsurvival.Weextendtheseobservationstosimilarstudiesinthewidelyusedsuperoxidedismutase1(SOD1)mousemodelofALS.Last,wepresentfuturehypothesestoidentifypotentialcausativefactorsthatleadtoimmunedysregulationinALS.Thelessonsfromprecedingworkinthisareaoffernewexcitingdirectionstobridgethegapinourcurrentunderstandingofimmune-mediatedneuroprotectioninALS.
简介:目的探讨I型γ-分泌酶抑制剂(GSI-I)对U87、U251胶质瘤细胞的增殖抑制及诱导凋亡作用.方法应用GSI-I作用于U87、U251胶质瘤细胞,通过MTT法观察GSI-I对上述两种细胞的增殖抑制作用,通过流式细胞仪检测GSI-I对该两种细胞细胞周期的影响及诱导凋亡的作用.结果RT-PCR及实时定量荧光RT-PCR结果显示,GSI-T可明显抑制胶质瘤细胞中Notch通路的活性,主要体现为Notch通路的靶基因Hes-1表达明显下调.MTT检测结果显示2.5μmol/L及以上浓度的GSI-I对U87及U251胶质瘤细胞有明显的增殖抑制作用.与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05),且该抑制作用呈剂量依赖型增加.流式细胞检测结果显示GSI-I主要使U87胶质瘤细胞的细胞周期阻滞在G1期而抑制细胞增殖,对于U251胶质瘤细胞则主要通过诱导凋亡来抑制增殖.结论GSI-I可明显抑制U87及U251胶质瘤细胞的增殖并诱导凋亡,为恶性胶质瘤的临床治疗提供了理论参考依据.
简介:BACKGROUND:Increasingevidencesuggestsoverlappedgeneticsusceptibilityacrosstraditionalclassificationsystemsthatdividedpsychoticdisordersintoschizophreniaoraffectivedisorder.OBJECTIVE:ThisstudyaimedtoexplorewhetherschizophreniaandaffectivedisordersharegeneticsusceptibilityinNOTCH4andGRIK2lociinapopulationofHanChinese.DESIGN:Repetitivemeasurements.SETTING:TheexperimentwascarriedoutatShanghaiMentalHealthCenterandHongkouMentalHealthCenterofShanghaibetweenJanuary2001andJune2004.PARTICIPANTS:Sixty-fivemixedpedigrees(sufferingfromvariousdiseases,incombinationwithschizophreniaandaffectivedisorder),composedof45completedtriosand20single-parentfamilies,wereselectedfromShanghaiMentalHealthCenterandHongkouMentalHealthCenterofShanghaibetweenJanuary2001andJune2004.ProbandsreceivedclinicaldiagnosisaccordingtoICD-10;anindependentclinicianusedidenticalcriteriatoreviewalldiagnoses.AllsubjectswereHanChineseinoriginandprovidedinformedconsent.Therewere65probandsand110parentsamongthesubjects.Theprobandscomprised30malesand35females:33withschizophrenia,32withaffectivedisorder,meanageof(30.9±9.8)years,meanageofonset(24.3±8.8)years,meanduration(6.6±7.0)years,andmeanageofparents(58.8±10.9)years.METHODS:DNAsamplesfromprobandsandtheirbiologicalparentswereextractedfromperipheralbloodaccordingtostandardmethods.Fourpolymorphisms,-1725T/Gand-25T/CinNOTCH4,rs6922753T/Candrs2227283G/AinGRIK2,wereamplifiedandgenotypedwithPCR-RFLPtechniques.MAINOUTCOMEMEASURES:AssociationbetweenNOTCH4,GRIK2polymorphism,andschizophreniawasanalyzedbytransmissiondisequilibriumtest(TDT).RESULTS:Sixty-fiveprobandsand110parentswereincludedintheresultanalysis,withnodropouts.Theresultsshowedthatthe-25T/CpolymorphismofNOTCH4associatedsignificantlywithaffectivedisorderand-1725G/-25Thaplotypewit
简介:目的探讨脑多巴胺转运体(DAT)^99Tc^m-TRODAT-1SPECT显像与多巴胺D2受体(D2R)^131I-epideprideSPECT显像在早期帕金森病(PD)中的临床应用价值。方法10例正常对照者及46例早期未经替代治疗的PD患者分别接受脑DAT^99Tc^m-TRODAT-1SPECT与多巴胺D2R^131I-epideprideSPECT断层显像,利用感兴趣区技术计算纹状体与枕叶、额叶的放射性比值(ST-OC/OC和ST-FC/FC)。结果PD患者起病肢体对侧脑DAT比值ST-OC/OC和ST-FC/FC比同侧均降低,双侧ST-OC/OC较对照组均降低。PD患者起病肢体对侧脑D2R比值ST-OC/OC和ST-FC/FC比同侧均增高。PD患者起病肢体对侧脑DAT比值ST-OC/OC与患者病程呈负相关,起病肢体对侧脑D2R比值ST-OC/OC与患者年龄及UPDRS运动评分呈负相关。结论人脑DAT^99Tc^m-TRODAT-1SPECT显像与D2R^131I-epideprideSPECT显像均有助于PD的早期诊断及病情监测。
简介:目的观察急性脑梗死患者Toll样受体4(TLR4)mRNA表达及与TNF-α仅浓度的相关性,初步探讨TLR4在急性脑梗死缺血炎性损伤中的作用,为临床治疗脑梗死提供新的思路。方法分别运用RT-PCR法、ELISA法测定35例急性脑梗死患者的外周血单个核细胞(淋巴细胞、单核细胞)TLR4mRNA表达及血清TNF-α仅浓度,同期与20例正常者、20例动脉粥样硬化患者比较。结果脑梗死组发病第1天TLR4mRNA表达、血清TNF-α仅浓度均显著高于正常对照组和动脉粥样硬化组(P〈0.01)。TLR4mRNA表达与血清炎性因子TNF-α仅浓度呈正相关(P〈0.01)。结论脑梗死患者急性期外周血单个核细胞TLR4mRNA表达上调,可能通过促使炎性因子产生分泌增多来介导脑缺血炎性损伤。