简介:Tetrahedralamorphoushydrogenatedcarbon(ta-C:H)filmsonSi(lO0)substrateswerepreparedbyusingamagnetic-field-filterplasmastreamdepositionsystem.Sampleswithdifferentratiosofsp^3-bondtosp^2-bondwereobtainedbychangingthebiasvoltageappliedtothesubstrates.Theellipsometricspectraofvariouscarbonfilmsinthephotonenergyrangeof1.9-5.4eVweremeasured.Therefractiveindexnandtherelativesp^3CratioofthesefilmswereobtainedbysimulatingtheirellipsometricspectrausingtheForouhi-BloomermodelandbyusingtheBruggemaneffectivemediumapproximation,respectively.Thehaemocompatibilityoftheseta-C:Hfilmswasanalysedbyobservationofplateletadhesionandmeasurementofkineticclottingtime.Theresultsshowthatthesp^3Cfractionisdependentonthesubstratebiasvoltage,andthehaemocompatibilityisdependentontheratioofsp^3-bondtosp^2-bond.Agoodhaemocompatibilitymaterialofta-C:Hfilmswithasuitablesp^3Cfractioncanbepreparedbychangingthesubstratebiasvoltage.
简介:Satelliteattitudeinformationisessentialforpico-satelliteapplicationsrequiringlight-weight,low-power,andfast-computationcharacteristics.Theobjectiveofthisstudyistoprovideamagnetometer-onlyattitudeestimationmethodforalow-altitudeEarthorbit,biasmomentumpico-satellite.Basedontwoassumptions,thespacecraftsphericalsymmetryanddampingofbodyrates,alinearkinematicsmodelofabiasmomentumsatellite'spitchaxisisderived,andthelinearestimationalgorithmisdeveloped.ThealgorithmcombinesthelinearKalmanfilter(KF)withtheclassicthree-axisattitudedeterminationmethod(TRIAD).KFisusedtoestimatesatellite'spitchaxisorientation,whileTRIADisusedtoobtaininformationconcerningthesatellite'sthree-axisattitude.Simulationtestsconfirmedthatthealgorithmissuitedtothetime-varyingmodelerrorsresultingfrombothassumptions.Theestimateresultkeepstrackingsatelliteattitudemotionduringalldamping,stable,andfreerotatingcontrolstages.Comparedwithnonlinearalgorithms,suchasextendedKalmanfiler(EKF)andsquarerootunscentedKalmanfiler(SRUKF),thealgorithmpresentedherehasanalmostequalperformanceintermsofconvergencetimeandestimationaccuracy,whiletheconsumptionofcomputingresourcesismuchlower.
简介:AsimpleandeffectiveapproachtoimprovetheswitchingcharacteristicsofAlGaN/AlN/GaNheterostructurefieldeffecttransistors(HFETs)byapplyingavoltagebiasonthesubstrateispresented.Withtheincreaseofthesubstratebias,theOFF-statedraincurrentismuchreducedandtheON-statecurrentkeepsconstant.BoththeON/OFFcurrentratioandthesubthresholdswingaredemonstratedtobegreatlyimproved.Withthethinnedsubstrate,theimprovementoftheswitchingcharacteristicswiththesubstratebiasisfoundtobeevengreater.TheaboveimprovementsoftheswitchingcharacteristicsareattributedtotheinteractionbetweenthesubstratebiasinducedelectricalfieldandthebulktrapsintheGaNbufferlayer,whichreducestheconductivityoftheGaNbufferlayer.
简介:Theroleofreducedgrapheneoxide(rGO)intheenhancementofphoto-conversionefficiencyofZnOfilmsforphotoelectrochemical(PEC)water-splittingapplicationswasanalyzed.ZnOandrGO-hybridizedZnO(rGO/ZnO)filmswerepreparedviaatwo-stepelectrochemicaldepositionmethodfollowedbyannealingat300°Cunderargongasflow.Thephysical,opticalandelectrochemicalpropertiesofthefilmswerecharacterizedtoidentifytheeffectofrGO-hybridizationontheappliedbiasphoton-to-currentefficiency(ABPE)ofZnO.ScanningelectronmicroscopyandX-raydiffractionindicatedtheformationofverticallyaligned,wurtzite-phaseZnOnanorods.Diffuse-reflectanceUV–visiblespectroscopyindicatedthatrGO-hybridizationwasabletoincreasethelightabsorptionrangeoftherGO/ZnOfilm.UPSanalysisshowedthathybridizationwithrGOincreasedthebandgapofZnO(3.56eV)to3.63eVforrGO/ZnOsample,whichmaybeattributedtotheBurstein–Mosseffect.Photoluminescence(PL)spectradisclosedthatrGOhybridizationsuppressedelectron-holerecombinationduetocrystaldefects.Linearsweepvoltammetryofthepreparedthinfilmsshowedphotocurrentdensityof1.0and1.8mA/cm~2forZnOandrGO/ZnOat+0.7V,whichcorrespondedtoanABPEof0.55%and0.95%,respectively.Thus,thisreporthighlightedthemulti-facetedroleofrGO-hybridizationintheenhancementofZnOphoto-conversionefficiency.
简介:雷纳兹应力(RS)上的积极偏爱的效果和它在边血浆的光线的狂暴的运输上的效果(r/a?=?0.9)并且在tokamak的血浆的擦去层(太阳)区域被调查。光线并且poloidal电场(Er,Ep)和离子浸透电流(我s)被多种用途的探查(MPP)测量。这根探针在IR-T1tokamak第一次被制作并且构造。这根探针的大多数优点是Er和Ep能在单个射击在不同半径被测量。因此不同半径的信息能与高精确相比。偏爱电压在V偏爱?=?200V和它与在r/a被修理的limiter偏爱被使用了?=?0.9。而且,之间的阶段差别光线并且MPP检测的RS光谱的poloidal电场,和时间的进化被计算。边上的RS大小(r/a?=?0.9)多于它在太阳的价值(r/a?=?1.02)。与应用偏爱200V,RS和Er和Ep被增加,当光线的狂暴的运输同时被减少时。因此,RS影响光线的骚乱,这能被结束。RS光谱的时间的进化证明RS的频率在r/a被增加并且到达它的最高的价值?=?0.9面对偏爱。
简介:研究了光纤受γ射线辐照的响应机制,计算了光纤对γ射线的吸收率、效应截面、Compton电子的能通量及角度分布;提出了瞬态辐射感生损耗的测量方法,设计了瞬态辐射感生损耗的实验测量系统.在平均光子能量为0.3MeV、剂量率为2.03×107Gy·s-1以及平均光子能量为1.0MeV、剂量率为5.32×109Gy·s-1的两种脉冲γ射线辐照条件下,获得了4种光纤瞬态辐射感生损耗与剂量的关系、永久性感生损耗的谱分布和折射率变化结果即:(1)脉冲γ射线对光纤的瞬态辐射感生损耗随探测波长在近红外到可见光范围内的减小而增大;(2)在相同辐照条件下,多模光纤的瞬态辐射感生损耗稍大于单模光纤;(3)辐射致光纤折射率变化;(4)在一定剂量范围内,多模光纤瞬态辐射感生损耗和剂量呈近似线性关系.研究表明:γ射线导致光纤基质原子产生新的色心和光纤折射率变化,色心对传输光子的共振吸收导致光纤吸收损耗增加,折射率变化导致光纤波导损耗增加,感生损耗是两种机制共同作用的结果.
简介:介绍了当前高功率微波(highpowermicrowave,HPM)能量合成和功率合成的研究进展,并思考了下一步可能的发展方向。能量合成的关键在于HPM合成器,基于过模圆波导TM01模式滤波器的HPM合成器,能实现两路微波信号的同极化通道合路,并有效提高合成器的功率容量;在此基础上形成的滤波器及合成器网络,能够实现HPM多波段、多频率工作,或产生拍波。功率合成的关键在于对单个HPM微波源的频率和相位的控制。基于小信号相位牵引的新方法,实现了GW量级的HPM相位控制,注入功率比接近-43dB;同时,结合强流电子束加速器的同步控制、大功率固态注入源及相控阵天线等关键技术的发展,这些研究可为HPM源空间功率合成技术奠定基础。