简介：在自然，微生物涉及岩石捱过，在从矿物质的金属的动员，并且在金属降水和免职。这些微生物原则和过程能被改编对待微粒固体浪费。特别从金属珍视获得的稳固的矿物质(沥滤的称为的简历)的金属的微生物增溶是在采矿工业的一种著名技术。我们这里集中于非采矿矿物质浪费为包含金属的稳固的浪费的处理表明基于采矿的技术的适用性。从微粒苍蝇灰的在案例研究介绍的、微生物引起的金属动员(从市政的稳固的浪费焚化发源)而铅，铬，和镍被2，11和32%分别地动员，由Acidithiobacilli导致了>80%的镉，铜，和锌动员。另外，形成HCN细菌的潜力(Chromobacteriumviolaceum，Pseudomonasfluorescens)当面对稳固的材料成长时，被调查动员金属(例如，包含铜的矿石，电子碎片，花的汽车催化变换器)。C。violaceum从有细密纹理的镍粉末作为tetracyanonickelate动员镍被发现有能力。黄金是微生物引起地是的solubilized从电子废物的dicyanoaurate。另外，氰化物建筑群铜在切碎的打印电路板碎片的生物处理期间被检测。水溶性的铜和铂氰化物也在花的汽车的处理期间被检测催化变换器。

简介：在一台半导体设备构造一根相连的金属线的原子被电子流动在高密度搬运。这现象被称为electromigration，它可以引起线失败。以便描绘electromigration失败，比较研究被执行，一些典型现象为薄、大的结构由破裂力学对待。薄结构的一个例子，被破裂力学对待，是硅石为通讯系统的光纤维。在由electromigration的一根金属线的损坏生长在光纤维使遭到了到静态的疲劳的硅石与裂缝生长比较被描绘。另外，简短比较在大结构在electromigration失败和一些破裂现象之间被做。

简介：在新ZWILAGnuclear浪费处理植物(瑞士)的不同踪迹元素和收音机核种的命运被建模，以便在植物预言并且检查不稳定的种类和他们的分发的运输行为。计算从药为活跃废物显示出那，工业，仅仅Zn和C有的研究(米尔浪费)在1200℃的稳定的气体的种类。调查证实清洗系统的检验烟道气体的效率。

简介：Inkjetprinting(IJP)synthesishasemergedasausefultechniqueforthefabricationoffunctionalmetaloxidesinthefieldsofnanotechnologyandmaterialsscience.Inthispaper,wewillreviewthefundamentalstate-of-the-artprinciplesofthespecialinkformulationsusedforIJPsynthesisoffunctionalmetaloxidesandtheapplicationsoftheseoxides.

简介：Inthispaperthemethodofdamagemeasurementofmetalstructureatthecreepisproposed.Incontrasttoothermethods,itallowsthemeasurementofthisdamagetobecarriedoutintheprocessofcreeptestwithoutunloadingandcoolingofspecimens.Experimentaldamagecurvesduringcreepareobtainedasaresultoftestdataprocessingbythesuggestedmethod.Theanalysisofthesecurvesleadstoaconclusionthatthematerialdamageatreptureismonotonicallydecreasingfunctionoftheappliedstress.Thisconclusionisanexperimentalverificationofthetheoreticalresult,obtainedearlier.

简介：Inthispaper,thebasicequationsoftwo-phaseliquidmetalflowinamagneticfieldarede-rived,andspecifically,two-phaseliquidmetalMHDflowinarectangularchannelisstudied,andtheexpres-sionsofvelocitydistributionofliquidandgasphasesandtheratioK0ofthepressuredropintwo-phaseMHDflowtothatinsingle-phasearederived.ResultsofcalculationshowthattheratioK0issmallerthanunityanddecreaseswithincreasingvoidfractionandHartmannnumberbecausetheeffectiveelectricalconduc-tivityinthetwo-phasecasedecreases.

简介：ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｅｒａｍｉｃ／ｍｅｔａｌｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌｙｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔｍａｔｅｒｉａｌ（ＦＧＭ）ｈａｓｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔｉｎｇｒｅｄｉｅｎｔｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ，ｓｏｉｔｓｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｈｅａｔｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒａｎ...

简介：Toreproducetheprematureruptureprocessofmetalsheetsubjectedtolaserirradiationwithsubsonicairflow,whichisaninterestingphenomenonobservedintheexperimentsgivenbyLawrenceLivermoreNationalLaboratory,acouplednumericalmodelconsideringtheinteractionandevolutionofmetalelastoplasticdeformationandaerodynamicpressureprofileispresented.Withthethermalelastoplasticconstitutiverelationshipandfailurecriterion,thesimulatedfailuremodesanddynamicruptureprocessarebasicallyconsistentwiththeexperimentalresults,indicatingplasticflowandmultiplefracturingisthemainfailuremechanism.Comparedwiththecaseofnon-airflow,subsonicairflownotonlyacceleratesdeformation,butalsoturnsthebugledeformation,plasticstrainandrupturemodeintoasymmetric.

简介：Non-sphericalmicronandnano-sizedparticlesandtheircompositeshavebecomeessentialinselectapplicationareasofoptics,wearresistance,personnelprotection,chemicalmechanicalpolishing,andbiomedicine.Inthispaper,thesynthesisofcompositeandceramicnon-sphericalparticlesusingstopflowlithographyisreported.Precursorsuspensionsofpoly（ethyleneglycol）diacrylate,2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenoneandSiO2orAl2O3areprepared.Theprecursorsuspensionflowsthroughamicrofluidicdevicemountedonanuprightmicroscopeandispolymerizedinanautomatedprocess.Aphotomaskpatternedwithtransparentgeometricfeatures,whichdefinethecross-sectionalshapesoftheparticles,maskstheUVlighttosynthesizemicronsizedparticles.Particleswithaxialdimensionsrangingfrom35to167μmweresynthesized.Controlofdevicechanneldepthandobjectivelensmagnificationenablesthemanipulationoftheparticlesize.Compositeparticlesintriangular,square,pentagonal,hexagonal,andcircularcrosssectionsweresynthesized.Subsequently,thetransformationofthecompositeparticlesintothecorrespondingmetaloxideparticleswasachievedthroughpolymerburn-offandsintering.

简介：Microtubes/rodsofthelayeredmetalhydroxidesaltcompoundCd2(OH)3(DS)·nH2O,whereDSstandsfordodecylsulfatesandwichedbetweentwoadjacentinorganicsheets,havebeensynthesizedforthefirsttimethroughamildhydrothermalreactionroute.Themicrotubes/rodshaveadiameterofabout1mandalengthrangingfromseveralmicronsto20m.Thegrowthprocessofmicrotubes/rodsundertheexperimentalconditionsemployedfollowsadissolution–recrystallizationroute.

简介：Theductilityofthinmetalfilmsonpolymersubstratesreportedinrecentexperimentshasahugedisparity,rangingfromlessthan1%uptomorethan50%.Torevealtheunderpinningoriginsforsuchalargevariation,thispaperreportsasystematiccomputationalstudyoftwocompetingfailuremechanisms:metalfilmneckingandgrainboundarycracking.Thequantitativeresultssuggestthatstronggrainboundariesandmetal/polymerinterfacialadhesionarekeystoachievehighductilityofpolymer-supportedme...

简介：Fordetailedstudyofcomplexchemicalreactionsmechanismsexperimentisconductedforselectedprivatereactions.Thiscausesaproblemofkineticparametersgetting-thesamesetofrateconstantsmustdescribebothpublicandprivatereactionstages,andalsoageneralmechanism.Inthispaper,solutionofthisproblemforareactionofolefinshydroaluminationisproposed.Tooptimizethecomputationalprocessamethodologyofparallelizationiselaborated.Onthebaseofparallelcomputations,akineticmodelforthereactionassignedisconstructed,andonitsbase,thephysicalandchemicalconclusionsaboutreactionmechanismaredone.

简介：Theaimofthepaperistodiscoverthegeneralcreepmechanismsfortheshortfiberreinforcementmatrixcomposites(MMCs)underuniaxialstressstatesandtobuildarelationshipbetweenthemacroscopicsteadycreepbehaviorandthematerialmicrogeometricparameters.Theunitcellmodelswereusedtocalculatethemacroscopiccreepbehaviorwithdifferentmicrogeometricparametersoffibersondifferentloadingdirections.Theinfluenceofthegeometricparametersofthefibersandloadingdirectionsonthemacroscopiccreepbehaviorhadbeenobtained,anddescribedquantitatively.Thematrix/fiberinterfacehadbeenconsideredbyathirdlayer,matrix/fiberinterlayer,intheunitcellswithdifferentcreeppropertiesandthickness.Basedonthenumericalresultsoftheunitcellmodels,astatisticmodelhadbeenpresentedfortheplanerandomly-distributed-fiberMMCs.Thefiberbreakagehadbeentakenintoaccountinthestatisticmodelforitstartsexperimentallyearlyinthecreeplife.Withthedistributionofthegeometricparametersofthefibers,theresultsofthestatisticmodelagreewellwiththeexperiments.Withthestatisticmodel,theinfluenceofthegeometricparametersandthebreakageofthefibersaswellasthepropertiesandthicknessoftheinterlayeronthemacroscopicsteadycreepratehavebeendiscussed.

简介：Acomparativeoptimaldesignoffluid-saturatedprismaticcellularmetalhoneycombs(PCMHs)havingdifferentcellshapesispresentedforthermalmanagementapplications.BasedontheperiodictopologyofeachPCMH,aunitcell(UC)forthermaltransportanalysiswasselectedtocalculateitseffectivethermalconductivity.Withoutintroducinganyempiricalcoefficient,wemodifiedandextendedtheanalyticalmodelofparallel–seriesthermal–electricnetworktoawiderporosityrange(0.7~0.98)byconsideringtheeffectsoftwo-dimensionallocalheatconductioninsolidligamentsinsideeachUC.Goodagreementwasachievedbetweenanalyticalpredictionsandnumericalsimulationsbasedonthemethodoffinitevolume.Theconceptofligamentheatconductionefficiency(LTCE)wasproposedtophysicallyexplainthemechanismsunderlyingtheeffectsofligamentconfigurationoneffectivethermalconductivity(ETC).Basedupontheproposedtheory,aconstructstrategywasdevelopedfordesigningtheETCbyalteringtheequivalentinteractionanglewiththedirectionofheatflow:relativelysmallaverageinteractionangleforthermalconductionandrelativelylargeoneforthermalinsulation.

简介：Inthispaper,theKirchhoffstransformationispopularizedtothenonlinearheatconductionproblemwhichtheheatconductivitycanbeexpressdasamultinomialoftemperaturefirstly,theboundaryconditionofheatconductionproblemisdeterminedbyanalytics.Secondly,theincubationperoidsuperpositionandthelinearcombinationlawisemployedtosimulatethetransientphassestransformationintheprocessofheattreatmentofmaterials.Thatthebegintimeofphasetransformation,thetypeofphasetransformationandtheamountofphaseconstitutionisdeterminedsimply.Finally,thethree-dimensionDualReciprocityBoundaryElementMethodisusedtoanalysisthetotalprocessofvariousheattreatmentofcomponent,theresultsofnumericalcalculationofexamplesshowthatthemethodprovidedinthispaperiseffectivce.

简介：Directsimulationof3-DMHD(magnetohydrodynamics)flowsinliquidmetalfusionblanketwithflowchannelinsert(FCI)hasbeenconducted.Twokindsofpressureequilibriumslot(PES)inFCI,whichareusedtobalancethepressuredifferencebetweentheinsideandoutsideofFCI,areconsideredwithaslotinHartmannwalloraslotinsidewall,respectively.ThevelocityandpressuredistributionofFCImadeofSiC/SiC_farenumericallystudiedtoillustratethe3-DMHDfloweffects,whichclearlyshowthatt...