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简介:Definitiveconclusionsconcerningtheimpactofexerciseinterventionsonchildren'smentalfunctioningaredifficulttoascertainbecauseofproceduraldifferencesamongstudies.Anarrativereviewofstudieswasconductedtoevaluatetheroleoftwotypesofexerciseinterventionsonchildren'scognition.Acuteandchronicexerciseinterventionswereclassifiedasquantitativeorqualitativeonthebasisofmanipulationsoftaskcomplexityand,byinference,mentalengagement.Bothtypesofinterventionsenhanceaspectsofchildren'scognition;however,theireffectsonmetacognitiveprocessesareunknown.Theroleofmetacognitiveprocessesandtheirregulationofchildren'sbehaviorandacademicperformancearehighlighted.
简介:Shortboard:短板、小板。长度在59—68之间,头部呈尖锐三角型,浮力小,需要推力够、形状佳的浪才能玩得痛快。属于技术板,转向灵活,可做花式动作。
简介:RecentarticlespublishedinNaturepointouthowsexbias,primarilyconcerningmale-exclusivity,inbiologicalresearchresultinmisleadingandambiguousscience.1-4Forexample,themajorityofanimalstudiespublishedinacademicjournalsusedonlymales,whileonlyverylimitedstudieswereinvestigatedinfemalesorbothsexes.Theconsequencesofsuchmale-favoredsexbiasinbiomedicalstudieshadleadtoahugecostinthebiomedicalindustryincludingdrugdevelopment.Between1997and2001,eightoutof10prescriptiondrugswerewithdrawnfromthemarketbytheUSFDAbecausetheyshowedmoresideeffects
简介:Purpose:Theaimofthisstudywastoevaluatetheprogram"Nomoresmoking!It’stimeforphysicalactivity",withamixedmethodsdesign,inordertocollectinformationtoimprovetheprogramforfutureapplications.Methods:Fortypatientsacrossfiveanti-smokingclinicsinCentralGreececompletedtheprogram.Counselors’recordsandparticipants’questionnairesandinterviewswereusedasdatainordertoevaluatetheprograms’processandoutcome.Results:Quantitativemeasuresbeforeandaftertheprogramrevealedsignificantdifferencesonsmokingbehavior,physicalactivity(PA)behavior,self-efficacy,andsmokinghabitmeasures.QualitativedataimpliedthatthepromotionofPAasacessationaidwasperceivedaspositivebytheparticipantsandbothparticipants’andcounselors’statementswereencouragingfortheeffectivenessofPApromotionduringtheprogramasacessation-aidtechnique.Conclusion:Evaluationofthe"Nomoresmoking!It’stimeforphysicalactivity"programshowedencouragingresults.PeoplewhotrytoquitsmokingcanbecomemorephysicallyactivethroughtargetedinterventionandtheyregardPAasasignificantaidintheireffortstoquitsmoking.
简介:Thehighprevalenceofchildhoodobesity,evidentgloballyinthepastdecade,ispartlyduetolowphysicalactivity(PA).1Obesityandlowcardiovascularfitnessinchildrenmayincreasetheriskofhypertensionandhypercholesterolemiaduringchildhoodandmaycontributetothedevelopmentofchronicdiseasesinadulthood,suchashypertensionanddiabetes.2ParticipatinginregularPAplaysasignificantroleinthepreventionofanddecreaseinchildhoodobesityandchronicdiseases,therebycontributingtothepreventionofchronicdiseaseslaterinadulthood.
简介:ThepreviousSpecialIssuewasdevotedtophysicalactivity(PA),physicalfitness,diet,andhealthinyoungpeople.ThecontentofthissecondSpecialIssuewillfocusonPAandchronicdiseaseinchildrenandyoungadults.ThefirstpaperwrittenbyDurstineetal.considerstheproblemofchronicdiseasesbecomingapublichealthconcernworldwidewithestimatesoftrillionsofdollaisinannualhealthcarecostsandcausingmorethan36milliondeathsayear.Their
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简介:Background:Manydisease-specificfactorssuchasmuscularweakness,increasedmusclestiffness,varyingposturalstrategies,andchangesinposturalreflexeshavebeenshowntoleadtoposturalinstabilityandfallriskinpeoplewithParkinson'sdisease(PD).Recently,analyticaltechniques,inspiredbythedynamicalsystemsperspectiveonmovementcontrolandcoordination,havebeenusedtoexaminethemechanismsunderlyingthedynamicsofposturaldeclinesandtheemergenceofposturalinstabilitiesinpeoplewithPD.Methods:Awavelet-basedtechniquewasusedtoidentifylimitcycleoscillations(LCOs)intheanterior–posterior(AP)posturalswayofpeoplewithmildPD(n=10)comparedtoage-matchedcontrols(n=10).Participantsstoodonafoamandonarigidsurfacewhilecompletingadualtask(speaking).Results:Therewasnosignificantdifferenceintherootmeansquareofcenterofpressurebetweengroups.Threeoutof10participantswithPDdemonstratedLCOsonthefoamsurface,whilenoneinthecontrolgroupdemonstratedLCOs.AninvertedpendulummodelofbipedalstancewasusedtodemonstratethatLCOsoccurduetodisease-specificchangesassociatedwithPD:time-delayandneuromuscularfeedbackgain.Conclusion:Overall,theLCOanalysisandmathematicalmodelappeartocapturethesubtleposturalinstabilitiesassociatedwithmildPD.Inaddition,thesefindingsprovideinsightsintothemechanismsthatleadtotheemergenceofunstablepostureinpatientswithPD.