简介:窗外,骄阳似火。盛夏的天气日渐热煞人。与酷暑形成强烈反差的是,令邮人爱恨交加的邮市似乎成了“扶不起的阿斗”,依旧软绵绵。今年已面世的12套新邮首次全线告“负”,从面值线上集体“下岗”,又成打折新族。经过深思熟虑,笔者觉得,对目前市道下的新邮不宜放量投资,但这并不意味着邮市无机会。因为,新邮毕竟只是邮
简介:Purpose:ThepurposeofthisquantitativereviewwastosummarizethestateofElliot’sHierarchicalModelofApproachandAvoidanceMotivation,specificallytheantecedentsofthe2×2achievementgoalsinthesport,physicalactivity,andphysicaleducationliterature.Inaddition,theintercorrelationsamongstthe2×2goalswerealsoexamined.Methods:Asystematicreviewoftheliteraturewasconducted.Meta-analyticprocedureswereusedwiththemeanweightedsamplecorrelation(rw)astheeffectsizemetric.TheantecedentswerecodedbyElliot’s(1999)antecedentcategories.Anumberofmoderatorswerecodedapriori.Results:Basedonafixedeffectsmodelfrom47publishedstudies(totaluniquen=15,413)thatmetinclusioncriteria,the2×2achievementgoalsweresignificantlycorrelatedamongsteachotherrangingfromsmalltomediumtolargeinmeaningfulness.Concerningtheantecedents,overalltheyweretheoreticallycorrectinassociations,butonlyafewoftherelationshipsweremediuminmeaningfulness.Mostrelationshipsweresmallinmeaningfulness.Heterogeneitywaspresentfortheinterrcorrelationandantecedentanalyses.Conclusion:FutureresearchisencouragedtogrowandenrichtheunderstandingofachievementgoalswithinElliot’scompleteHierarchicalModelofApproachandAvoidanceMotivationtoincludebothantecedentsandoutcomessimultaneouslytoimproveupontheunderstandingofachievementmotivationinsport,exercise,andphysicalactivitysettings.
简介:每年过年,听爷爷讲过去的事都是必备节目。爷爷讲的最多的,是40年前过年的情景。年货。一般从腊月进入购物高峰期。主要买那些东西呢?首先是肉类,因为很多家庭平日很少、或者根本不买肉。那年月,带皮猪肉每斤0.9元,因为每个家庭都缺油少肉。买肉都是按照人口有定量,不可以随便买。其他食品类也要买点。副食品包括粉丝、海带、调料等。酒类、糖果和点心不能少,还有花生、瓜子等。招待客人或者送礼,都以酒类、糖果和点心为主。