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简介：Thispaperproposesacomprehensiveandintegrativemodelwhichwillcontributetoasuccessfulplacebranding.Thenewmodelisproposedbasedontheanalysisof30previousplacebrandingmodelsandenrichedbytheliteraturereview.Theresultofthisworkistheconceptualmodelthatoffersamoreglobalperspectiveofplacebrandingandconsistsofthefollowing11interrelatedelements:place,brandleadership,communitystakeholdersengagement,brandvision,brandarchitecture,brandidentity,brandcommunications,brandimage,brandexperience,brandactionsandbrandevaluation,whichmustbeincorporatedintoanyplacebrandingmodelastheyprovetoberelevantandplayastrategicroleinthebrandingprocess.Theyareessentialforplacebranddevelopmentandmanagement,andrepresentkeysuccessfactorsofplacebrands.Theresearchimplicationsaretogiveresearchersaguideforliteraturedevelopment,theorybuilding,andfutureresearch.Thepracticalimplicationsaretoofferpractitioners,professionals,localofficials,andevengovernmentsamodelthatexplainstheplacebrandingprocesstoeffectivelycreateandmanageaplacebrand.Unlikepreviousmodelswhichtakedifferentperspectivesonthebrandingprocess,thisoneisholisticasitencompasses(almost)allofthem.Thenewmodelhighlightsalsonewelementsthatdonotappearinthepreviousones.

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简介：ThispaperhasresearchedonsixkindsofthecorporateDNAmodels,whichhavesetupandanalyzeditslimitations,regardedthecorporationasavitalorganism,andputforwardthejudgingstandardforcorporateDNAbyanalogism.Accordingtothestandard,thecomponentsofthecorporateDNAarejudgedandanewmodelhasbeenestablished.ThecorporateDNAiscomposedoffourDNAchains,whichoverlapandintercrossinthemodel.Basedonthenewmodel,theconceptofthecorporatecentraldogmaisputforward.Theelementandinformationtransmissionwayofcorporateinformationarediscussedinthecorporatecentraldogma.

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简介：TheValueoftheWorld'sEcosystemServicesandNaturalCapitalbyCostanzain1997isgenerallyre-gardedasamonumentfortheresearchofvaluingecosystemservices.However,theclassificationofecosystemser-vices,themethodofvariousservicessummationandthepurposeforstaticglobalvaluehadbeconfrontedbymanycriticisms.Basedonthesummaryofthesecriticisms,suggestions,relatedfunctionassessmentandfurtherstudydirection,thesustainabilityofecosystemservicesispresented.Thetwobasicindicatorsinecology,productivityandbiodiversity,respectivelycharacteringtheabilityofproducingandself-organizing,notonlyrepresenttheinternalfunctionofecosystem,butalsoareproportionedtoitsexternalfunctionofsupportingandprovidingforhumanlife.Onpresentingthegeneralformofecosystemservicesassessment,thispaperimprovesthemathematicalformulabygivingafunctionadjustingcoefficientcomposedofproductivityandbiodiversity.Theoretically,theintegrationofthetwoindicatorsreflectsthechangesofecosystemservicesatspatialandtemporalscales,canphysicallyassessthesustainabilityofecosystemservices,andbuildafirmscientificfundamentofvalueassessmentforecosystemservices.Objectively,itsapplicationshouldbestrictlytestedinnextstep.

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