简介：摘要随着制丝工艺技术的进步以及企业对卷烟精细化生产的要求，叶丝干燥来料含水率波动对叶丝干燥后烟丝各质量指标都有影响。叶丝干燥工序控制能力的高低直接影响到卷烟内在质量的稳定性，其对叶丝干燥后叶丝的填充值、烟丝结构和感官质量、过程能力指数CPK有着重要的影响。因此，稳定控制叶丝干燥来料水分，降低卷烟批次间的加工差异和波动，对提高工序控制水平具有重要意义。

简介：摘要由于烘丝生产前操作工需要根据生产经验预测入口含水率，然而车间内环境温湿度、烘丝前工序设备状态等条件的变化，导致烘前含水率变化较大，仅靠经验预测烘前含水率，预测结果误差较大，导致操作工设置参数不合理，出口含水率波动较大，影响产品的感观质量。因此，本文通过对历史数据进行分析处理后，采用RBF神经网络，建立烘前含水率预测模型，并在烘丝工序操作终端增加人机交互界面，操作工选择工单信息、输入相应的参数即可完成烘丝入口含水率的预测，预测结果误差为，可以满足生产要求。

简介：AbstractMandibular condylar fractures are among the most common facial fractures and some of the most difficult to manage. Opinions about the management of mandibular condylar fractures differ among surgeons. With the implementation of new technology, an increased understanding of fracture management, and better functional and morphological outcomes reported in the literature, open reduction and internal fixation is becoming many surgeons’ preferred choice for the treatment of condylar fractures. Because surgical treatment of such fractures is complex, certain factors must be considered to achieve satisfactory outcomes. In this article, we summarise six key points in the management of mandibular condylar fractures: virtual evaluation of condylar fracture, a suitable surgical approach, good reduction, stable internal fixation, repair of the articular disc, and restoration of the mandibular arch width. We believe that these points will help to improve the prognosis of mandibular condyle fractures.

简介：摘要目的探讨角质层含水量与透皮失水率的相关性。方法2021年10月至2022年6月在普宁市公共健康医疗中心、2所幼儿园及2所小学招募≤ 17岁健康儿童。用皮肤生理功能测量仪测量健康儿童左前臂屈侧和右胫前部位的透皮失水率和角质层含水量，采用Pearson相关分析法分析不同年龄、性别儿童的透皮失水率与角质层含水量的相关性。结果共招募1 396例健康儿童，年龄1个月至17岁，男783例、女613例。在1 ~ < 12个月组，除男童前臂部位的皮肤透皮失水率与角质层含水量无显著相关性外，男童胫前和女童前臂及胫前部位的透皮失水率与角质层含水量均呈正相关（r值为0.283、0.404、0.420，均P < 0.05）；在1 ~ 2岁组，男童前臂和女童胫前部位的皮肤透皮失水率与角质层含水量无显著相关性，而男童胫前和女童前臂部位的透皮失水率与角质层含水量均呈正相关（r值为0.370、0.419，均P < 0.01）；在3 ~ 5岁组和6 ~ 11岁组，除6 ~ 11岁组男童胫前的透皮失水率与角质层含水量无显著相关性外，两组男女性其他部位的透皮失水率与角质层含水量均呈显著正相关（r值为0.172 ~ 0.293，均P < 0.05）；12 ~ 17岁组，男女性前臂及胫前部位的透皮失水率与角质层含水量均呈显著正相关（r值为0.269 ~ 0.485，均P < 0.001）。结论健康儿童前臂屈侧和胫前部位的透皮失水率与角质层含水量呈正相关，且随年龄增大，此正相关性有增加趋势。

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简介：AbstractMucormycosis is a lethal human disease caused by fungi of the order Mucorales. Mucormycosis is caused by fungi mainly belonging to the genera Mucor, Rhizopus, and Lichtheimia, all of which belong to the order Mucorales. The number of individuals with mucormycosis-causing disorders has increased in recent years, hence, leading to the spread of mucormycosis. Throughout the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, numerous cases of mucormycosis in COVID-19-infected patients have been reported worldwide, and the illness is now recognized as COVID-19-associated mucormycosis, with most of the cases being reported from India. Immunocompromised patients such as those with bone marrow sickness and uncontrolled diabetes are at a greater risk of developing mucormycosis. Genes, pathways, and other mechanisms have been studied in Mucorales, demonstrating a direct link between virulence and prospective therapeutic and diagnostic targets. This review discusses several proteins such as high-affinity iron permease (FTR1), calcineurin, spore coat protein (CotH), and ADP-ribosylation factors involved in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis that might prove to be viable target(s) for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

简介：AbstractBackground:The End Tuberculosis (TB) Strategy of the World Health Organization highlights the need for patient-centered care and social protection measures that alleviate the financial hardships faced by many TB patients. In China, TB treatments are paid for by earmarked government funds, social health insurance, medical assistance for the poor, and out-of-pocket payments from patients. As part of Phase III of the China-Gates TB project, this paper introduces multi-source financing of TB treatment in the three provinces of China and analyzes the challenges of moving towards universal coverage and its implications of multi-sectoral engagement for TB care.Main text:The new financing policies for TB treatment in the three provinces include increased reimbursement for TB outpatient care, linkage of TB treatment with local poverty alleviation programs, and use of local government funds to cover some costs to reduce out-of-pocket expenses. However, there are several challenges in reducing the financial burdens faced by TB patients. First, medical costs must be contained by reducing the profit-maximizing behaviors of hospitals. Second, treatment for TB and multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) is only available at county hospitals and city or provincial hospitals, respectively, and these hospitals have low reimbursement rates and high co-payments. Third, many patients with TB and MDR-TB are at the edge of poverty, and therefore ineligible for medical assistance, which targets extremely poor individuals. In addition, the local governments of less developed provinces often face fiscal difficulties, making it challenging to use of local government funds to provide financial support for TB patients. We suggest that stakeholders at multiple sectors should engage in transparent and responsive communications, coordinate policy developments, and integrate resources to improve the integration of social protection schemes.Conclusions:The Chinese government is examining the establishment of multi-source financing for TB treatment by mobilization of funds from the government and social protection schemes. These efforts require strengthening the cooperation of multiple sectors and improving the accountability of different government agencies. All key stakeholders must take concrete actions in the near future to assure significant progress toward the goal of alleviating the financial burden faced by TB and MDR-TB patients.

简介：摘要非平稳、非线性信号的常用处理方法有小波变换、短时傅里叶变换、魏格纳分布等，然而这些方法都有一定的限制。最近EMD分解算法和VMD算法对于非平稳、非线性信号具有非常好分解效果。本文通过对比VMD分解算法和EMD分解算法，发现VMD分解算法能够很好地抑制杂波信号干扰并能够在一定程度上抑制模态混叠现象，能够很好地避免EMD分解算法带来的缺陷。其次VMD分解算法更容易表达信号波动的大趋势，而EMD分解则不容易观察到该特性。最后针对VMD算法的分解次数是有人为设定的，因此如何选择最佳分解层数，对于信号分解是否彻底也具有至关重要的作用，本文通过计算VMD算法分解后的IMF模态分量的平均瞬时频率，确定VMD分解算法的最佳分解次数。

简介：AbstractBackground:The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is multifaceted, and the underlying mechanisms are elusive. We conducted data mining analysis to gain a better insight into the disease and to identify the hub genes associated with the progression of NAFLD.Methods:The dataset GSE49541, containing the profile of 40 samples representing mild stages of NAFLD and 32 samples representing advanced stages of NAFLD, was acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the R programming language. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) online tool and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) database were used to perform the enrichment analysis and construct protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, respectively. Subsequently, transcription factor networks and key modules were identified. The hub genes were validated in a mice model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD and in cultured HepG2 cells by real-time quantitative PCR.Results:Based on the GSE49541 dataset, 57 DEGs were selected and enriched in chemokine activity and cellular component, including the extracellular region. Twelve transcription factors associated with DEGs were indicated from PPI analysis. Upregulated expression of five hub genes (SOX9, CCL20, CXCL1, CD24, and CHST4), which were identified from the dataset, was also observed in the livers of HFD-induced NAFLD mice and in HepG2 cells exposed to palmitic acid or advanced glycation end products.Conclusion:The hub genes SOX9, CCL20, CXCL1, CD24, and CHST4 are involved in the aggravation of NAFLD. Our results offer new insights into the underlying mechanism of NAFLD progression.

简介：交通网络的平衡一般遵循两种原则，一种为用户均衡（UE）原则，一种是系统最优（SO）原则。本文首先简要介绍用户均衡模型及系统最优模型，并分析了用户均衡目标函数在经济学意义上的不足。通过将路段的行驶时间视为成本，将一条路段所承受的流量发生变化时对该路段上所有车辆总的行驶时间的影响理解为一种边际成本，将成本和边际成本赋予权重得到一个用户均衡与系统最优的组合模型。最后，通过一个简单的案例，运用组合模型对流量进行分配，运用序列二次规划模型求解，得到不同对应下的平均行驶时间。

简介：AbstractIn order to effectively implement the Tianjin Biosecurity Guidelines for Codes of Conduct for Scientists, biosecurity awareness-raising and education are essential because if these are not in place scientists will not understand the need for biosecurity codes of conduct. In an effort to assist in the implementation of the guidelines, a small-scale survey was carried out in early 2022 of biosecurity awareness-raising and education projects that have been developed over the last two decades to discover what resources and experience have been accumulated. It is argued that the survey demonstrates that much of what is needed to implement the guidelines effectively has been developed, but that there are specific deficiencies that need to be remedied quickly. In particular, an updated teaching resource covering the core issues related to the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention (BTWC) and the problem of dual use in scientific research needs to be made widely available and translated into at least the six official United Nations (UN) languages. Additionally, more specialists from the Humanities with expertise in ethics need to become involved in biosecurity awareness-raising and education activities. While advantage should be taken now of the available national, regional and international networks of people involved in related activities, it is suggested that in the longer term cooperation in biosecurity awareness-raising and education will benefit from the development of an equivalent organisation to the International Nuclear Security Education Network (INSEN) organised through the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

简介：摘要目的调查西藏昂仁县农牧民高血压患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率，为西藏地区高血压的防治提供依据。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法，通过调查问卷的形式，在2017年5～9月调查18岁及以上昂仁县农牧区藏族居民的高血压患病情况。结果共调查2 158人，平均收缩压为(128.67±25.90)mmHg，平均舒张压为(86.77±16.53) mmHg。高血压患病率为37.81%，知晓率为52.82%，治疗率为45.10%、控制率为6.62%。结论西藏昂仁县农牧民(≥18岁)高血压患病率高，而知晓率、治疗率及控制率较低，需要进一步加强高血压防治工作。

简介：AbstractObjective:This survey was designed to understand the misconceptions about labor epidurals.Methods:This voluntary and anonymous online survey on wenjuan.com was conducted from September 1st, 2015 to January 1st, 2016 via mainly WeChat groups dedicated to perinatal healthcare providers in China. The questionnaire included items inquiring the knowledge and opinions about labor epidural analgesia related to maternal complications, baby safety, and effect on laboring. Incomplete surveys were excluded from the data analysis. The data was presented as percentages and a Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test, as appreciate, was used to quantitatively compare the results.Results:A total of 1412 respondents completed surveys with 42.9% (606/1412) of them being anesthesiologists, 35.1% (495/1412) being obstetricians, 11.8% (167/1412) being midwives, 3.7% (52/1412) being labor and delivery nurses, and 6.5% (92/1412) being hospital administrators and unspecified. The study revealed a lack of knowledge in labor pain control. Although 82.4% (1164/1412) of respondents were familiar with labor epidural analgesia, 8.9% (126/1412) did not know how it works, and 1.1% (15/1412) never heard it in a multiple-choice question. The three main groups (anesthesiologists, obstetricians, and midwives/labor and delivery nurses) were chosen for comparisons. Opinions among these three groups concerning five questions in the three main concerns were evaluated using a statistical significance of P<0.05.Conclusion:The results in our survey indicated an urgent need of continuing medical education to multidisciplinary specialties to improve evidence-based medical practices as these misconceptions have existed for over 10 years in the medical professionals. Lack of public awareness fueled by misconceptions related to labor epidural analgesia may be associated with a lack of professional knowledge. Correct knowledge in professionals needs to be disseminated to the public in order to dispel possible misconceptions and rumors about labor epidural analgesia. This would not only enhance patient understanding of their care but also improve maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.

简介：AbstractBackground:Zoonoses are public health threats that cause severe damage worldwide. Zoonoses constitute a key indicator of One Health (OH) and the OH approach is being applied for zoonosis control programmes of zoonotic diseases. In a very recent study, we developed an evaluation system for OH performance through the global OH index (GOHI). This study applied the GOHI to evaluate OH performance for zoonoses in sub-Saharan Africa.Methods:The framework for the OH index on zoonoses (OHIZ) was constructed including five indicators, 15 subindicators and 28 datasets. Publicly available data were referenced to generate the OHIZ database which included both qualitative and quantitative indicators for all sub-Sahara African countries (n = 48). The GOHI algorithm was used to estimate scores for OHIZ. Indicator weights were calculated by adopting the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process.Results:Overall, five indicators associated with weights were generated as follows: source of infection (23.70%), route of transmission (25.31%), targeted population (19.09%), capacity building (16.77%), and outcomes/case studies (15.13%). Following the indicators, a total of 37 sub-Sahara African countries aligned with OHIZ validation, while 11 territories were excluded for unfit or missing data. The OHIZ average score of sub-Saharan Africa was estimated at 53.67/100. The highest score was 71.99 from South Africa, while the lowest score was 40.51 from Benin. It is also worth mentioning that Sub-Sahara African countries had high performance in many subindicators associated with zoonoses, e.g., surveillance and response, vector and reservoir interventions, and natural protected areas, which suggests that this region had a certain capacity in control and prevention or responses to zoonotic events.Conclusions:This study reveals that it is possible to perform OH evaluation for zoonoses in sub-Saharan Africa by OHIZ. Findings from this study provide preliminary research information in advancing knowledge of the evidenced risks to strengthen strategies for effective control of zoonoses and to support the prevention of zoonotic events.

简介：摘要磷作为自然界一种不可再生的资源，全球普遍存在着磷矿产资源的日益匮乏与水体富营养化这两类问题。我国积极推动着以“回收”磷代替“去除”磷的理念。经调查研究分析，我国对磷资源的回收普遍采用鸟粪石沉淀法。由于在鸟粪石的影响因素中，pH首当其冲被认为是最为重要的工艺控制因子，故本文着重阐述在不同pH下对反应速率，鸟粪石纯度和磷回收率的影响（以鸟粪石纯度＞90％和磷去除率＞90％为判别标准）。最后，对磷回收技术的发展趋势提出建议。

简介：AbstractBackground:Being able to predict with confidence the early onset of type 2 diabetes from a suite of signs and symptoms (features) displayed by potential sufferers is desirable to commence treatment promptly. Late or inconclusive diagnosis can result in more serious health consequences for sufferers and higher costs for health care services in the long run.Methods:A novel integrated methodology is proposed involving correlation, statistical analysis, machine learning, multi-K-fold cross-validation, and confusion matrices to provide a reliable classification of diabetes-positive and -negative individuals from a substantial suite of features. The method also identifies the relative influence of each feature on the diabetes diagnosis and highlights the most important ones. Ten statistical and machine learning methods are utilized to conduct the analysis.Results:A published data set involving 520 individuals (Sylthet Diabetes Hospital, Bangladesh) is modeled revealing that a support vector classifier generates the most accurate early-onset type 2 diabetes status predictions with just 11 misclassifications (2.1% error). Polydipsia and polyuria are among the most influential features, whereas obesity and age are assigned low weights by the prediction models.Conclusion:The proposed methodology can rapidly predict early-onset type 2 diabetes with high confidence while providing valuable insight into the key influential features involved in such predictions.

简介：摘要卒中后痴呆（post-stroke dementia, PSD）包括卒中后发生的所有类型痴呆，可能是脑血管病变、阿尔茨海默病变和脑白质改变累积效应的结果。PSD的发病率和患病率很高，其危险因素主要是血管危险因素，例如高血压、心房颤动和糖尿病；其他危险因素还包括脑小血管病影像学表型，例如脑白质高信号、脑微出血、脑萎缩等。PSD的临床评价应在卒中发病后至少3~6个月时进行。对PSD的预防应着眼于控制血管危险因素和预防卒中。

简介：摘要目的采用碘海醇血浆清除率测定肾小球滤过率(mGFR)与临床常用方法评估估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)的准确性比较。方法选取2019年6月至2020年6月在本院自愿参加测试的145例研究对象，根据eGFR值进行分组：1期[eGFR≥90 mL·(min·1.73 m2)－1，37例]、2期[eGFR 60~90 mL·(min·1.73 m2)－1，39例]、3期[eGFR 30~60 mL·(min·1.73 m2)－1，47例]、4期[eGFR 15~30 mL·(min·1.73 m2)－1，17例]、5期[eGFR <15 mL·(min·1.73 m2)－1，5例]，所有研究对象通过静脉注射碘海醇5 mL后，在注射后0、2 h和4~6 h间取血浆样本3次，测量血浆清除率，进行肾功能评估，并与常用的肾功能评估公式[MDRD、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、CKD-EPI、Cockcroft-Gault]进行比较。结果Ccr、MDRD公式计算eGFR值高于采用碘海醇血浆清除率计算的mGFR值(均P<0.05)，而Cockcroft-Gault、CKD-EPI公式与采用碘海醇血浆清除率计算的mGFR值相比，差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。与采用碘海醇血浆清除率计算的mGFR值的相关性依次为CKD-EPI公式(r＝0.923)、Cockcroft-Gault公式(r＝0.832)、Ccr公式(r＝0.798)、MDRD公式(r＝0.738)。MDRD公式在1、2、3、4期中的eGFR值高于碘海醇血浆清除率计算的mGFR值(均P<0.05)；Cockcroft-Gault公式在1、2期中的eGFR值高于碘海醇血浆清除率计算的mGFR值(均P<0.05)；CKD-EPI公式在3期中的eGFR值高于碘海醇血浆清除率计算的mGFR值(P<0.05)；Ccr公式在3、4期中的eGFR值高于采用碘海醇血浆清除率计算的mGFR值(均P<0.05)。在1~3期中，CKD-EPI公式与碘海醇血浆清除率计算mGFR值的相关性最高(P<0.001)。CKD-EPI公式有相对较好的准确度和精确度，偏差中位数及偏差四分位间距均较少，P20和P30符合率相对较高。结论CKD-EPI公式与碘海醇血浆清除率公式计算的mGFR具有相关性，准确性高，其次为Cockcroft-Gault公式，而Ccr、MDRD公式在本研究中的相关性及准确性较差，在mGFR≤30 mL·(min·1.73 m2)－1中，各公式可能均与碘海醇血浆清除率计算的mGFR的相关性较差。

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