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简介：Thirdpartylitigationfunding(TPLF)isoneofthemostinnovativetrendsinlitigationfundingindustry.InaTPLFcontract,anexternalinvestor(thethirdpartyfunder)financiallysupportsalitiganttocoverlitigationexpenses.Iftheclaimisfinallysuccessful,ashareofrecoverieswillcometothefunderinreturn.Ontheotherhand,thethirdpartyfunderwillreceivenocompensationiftheplaintifflosesthesuit.Uptillnow,insomecommonlawjurisdictions(e.g.,Australia,theUK,andtheU.S.),TPLFhasbeenlegallyacceptedanddevelopsrapidly.Meanwhile,concernsabouttheuseofTPLFhavealsobeenraised.Forexample,whetherTPLFwillencouragefrivoloussuitsandunmeritoriousclaims;andwhethertheuseofTPLFwillbesociallydesirable.Inthisarticle,abasiceconomicmodelofTPLFwillbebuiltfirstly.Then,analysisbasedonthismodelwillbedeliveredandfurthersocialexternalitiesbroughtbytheuseofTPLFwillalsobeinvestigated.Finally,throughaneconomicanalysis,itisconcludedthatTPLFisgenerallysocialdesirablebutregulationsshouldbeimposed.

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简介：InWTOdisputesettlement,theissueaboutthecharacterizationofnationallawinterpretationisconcernedwithjudicialdeferenceandtheallocationofpowerbetweentheWTOandMemberStates.ThisarticleexaminesWTOtribunals＇claimabouttheircharacterizationofnationallawinterpretationandtheirpractice.Ontheonehand,WTOtribunalshaveclaimedtocharacterizenationallawinterpretationasaquestionoflaw;ontheotherhand,theyhaveappliedthesameruleontheburdenofprooffornationallawinterpretationwiththatforotherfactsandprovideddeferencetothelegislatingstatesespeciallyinthecircumstanceswherethereisanysuspicionoruncertaintyaboutthemeaningofnationallaw.Therefore,WTOtribunals＇claimaboutthecharacterizationisnotconsistentwiththeirpractice.WTOtribunals＇nationallawinterpretation,inessence,isreinterpretationofnationallaw,andshouldbecharacterizedasamixedquestionoflawandfact.

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简介：TheMexicanconstitutionalreformcarriedoutwiththepurposeofimplementinganaccusatorycriminalprocessofaright-basedtype,wherepriorityisgiventotheprotectionofhumanrights,revealedacontradictionregardingalegalfigurecalledarraigo(preventivedetention),sincethisconstitutesalimitationtothehumanrightsandsuchsituationhasbeencontroversialinthedoctrineandintheresolutionsofthehighestCourtofMexico.

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简介：Publicsafetyprovidesnewstatutoryprotectionsforwhistleblowers:Legislationenactedinordertoaddressmedicalerrorandfailuresofhospitalqualitysystemshasparadoxicallycreatedmechanismsthatareusedtosilencephysiciansandothercaregiverswhoseektoprotectpatientsafetybyreportingbreachesofprofessionalqualityandintegrity.Thelawsenactedtoprotectpatientscanbeandarecurrentlymisusedtosilencewhistleblowersthroughpunitivelegalproceedingsagainstpatientsafetyadvocates.Summarysuspensions,deprivationofdueprocess,andtransferofadjudicativeauthoritytothehandsoftheinstitutionsthatmostrequireoversightunderminestransparencyandpatientadvocacy.Amodestsetofstatutoryamendments,prophylacticandremedial,especiallytopreventprematurereportingofsummarysuspensions,cancounteracttheseinequitiesandrebalancetheHouseofMedicinesoastoprotectbothpatientsandthosewhowouldseektoensuretheirsafety,soitmaydonoharm.

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