简介:以人工智能为代表的新质生产力逐渐成为智能时代下经济发展的强劲动力,同时也引致了智能技术对人类个体和整体合法权益的担忧.中国在多个国际场合下都提出了"以人为本、智能向善"的主张,引导全球在人工智能伦理的轨道上发展智能技术.人工智能伦理有遵循一般科技伦理原则的方面,同时更多涉及社会伦理问题及人类整体安全问题.文章通过探讨人工智能伦理的基本内涵,分析人工智能伦理审查的道德正当性与政策规范的必要性,厘清人工智能伦理审查的理论逻辑,提出人工智能伦理审查机制的构建在坚持"以人为本"的基础上确保人工智能"向善"发展,还需确保制度规范的公平公正,厘清透明度与问责制的因果联系,确保科技发展与法律关系的稳定性,在人工智能伦理审查原则中落实监管责任,适时建立审查评估制度.Abstract:The new quality of productivity represented by artificial intelligence has gradually become a strong driving force for economic development in the intelligent age,and at the same time has led to the impact of technology on indi-vidual and collective legitimate rights and interests.Different from science and technology ethics and social ethics,AI ethics is the extension and concretization of social ethics in a specific technological field.It not only has to follow the basic principles of social ethics,but also has to deal with the specific challenges and problems brought by AI technol-ogy,such as deep forgery,network fraud,and algorithmic black boxes.In the face of these problems,it is necessary to clarify...
简介:目的基于对糜烂性毒剂芥子气(HD)中毒后尿液样本的溯源性分析需求,建立芥子气染毒尿样的样品前处理方法,以及气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱检测硫二甘醇亚砜(TDGO)的高灵敏度和专属性检测方法。方法依次采用盐酸酸化、阳离子交换固相萃取、七氟丁酰咪唑(HFBI)衍生方法处理尿样,气质联用分析采用DB-17MS弹性石英毛细管柱(30m×0.25mm×0.25μm),柱温程序为50℃(2min),20℃/min,280℃(5min),采用选择反应监测(SRM)模式扫描,以离子对m/z531→241、m/z317→241进行定性检验。结果经过对前处理方法和分析条件的优化,TDG0检测限(LOD)低于1.0ng/mL。结论本方法灵敏、高效,解决了目前芥子气染毒检材中痕量硫二甘醇亚砜难以检验的技术难题,应用于禁止化学武器组织(OPCW)举办的首次生物医学考试中,成功对未知尿样中硫二甘醇亚砜进行了检验。