简介:LubeiGeneralCompanyofEnterpriseGroup,ShangdongProvince,setupjointenterprisesindustrialecosystembysharingresources,symbiosisindustryandcompactstructure.Asanecologicalindustrypark,theindustrialecosystemhasbeenoperatedsuccessfullywithrichexperimentandhasbecomeoneofecologicalindustryexamplesintheworld.BasedonthecasestudyofLubeiecologicalindustryproject,componentsofindustrialchains,matterrecycleandconversion,energycycleandmultilevelutilization,systematicstructureandimpactfactoridentificationareanalyzedandsummarizedinthispaper.ThepossibleextensionanddevelopmentofLubeiecologicalindustryprojectinfutureisbroughtforwardaswell.
简介:Chinaisexperiencingaprocessofrapidindustrializationandurbanizationatthecostofagriculturallandandenvironment,particularlyinthecostalareas.ThisstudytakesJinanasacasepresentingatime-seriesanalysisofurbanlandexpansionfrom313to2003.TheresultsshowthattheurbanexpansionofJinancitymainlytookplaceinthelast100years,especiallyaftertheeconomicreformin1978.Socialdevelopmentandeconomicgrowth,urbanpopulationgrowthandmigrationpolicieswerefactorsdrivingtheurbanlandexpansion.Urbansprawlresultedinadisappearanceofwetlandsandagreatlossofagriculturalland,andover-pumpingofgroundwaterthatledtodisappearanceofthecity'sfeature,namely"thecityofsprings".
简介:Inthisresearch,theFactorAnalysismodelofmeasuringprovinciallowcarbondevelopmentinChinahasbeenconstructed.Basedondatafrom30provinces,anempiricalstudywasdevelopedtomeasurecomprehensivelowcarbondevelopmentusingtheFactorAnalysismodel(PrincipalComponentsmethodandNormalizedVarimaxRotation).Theresultsrevealthattheprovincialmarksoflowcarbondevelopmentaregenerallylowandonlynineprovinceshavehighmarks(morethan0.80).Theresultsalsoshowsignificantregionaldisparity.TheprovincialmarksoftheeasternregionarehigherthanboththemiddleandwesternprovincesofmainlandChina.Alloftheprovinceswithhighmarks(morethan0.90)arelocatedintheeasternregion,andthosewiththelowestmarks(0.60)arelocatedinthemiddleregion.Furthermore,regionaldisparityinlowcarbondevelopmentfollowsthesamepatternaseconomicdevelopmentinChina.Finally,somesuggestionsfordecision-makersarepresented.
简介:Basedonthedataofurbanlanduseobtainedbyremotesensinginterpretationfromaeroimagesin1986and2004,thespatialstructureofJinanisstudiedinthispaperwiththemethodofGeographicInformationSystem(GIS).Accordingtotheproportionoflandforresidence,industryandcommerce,theurbandistrictcanbedistinguishedintothreerings.ComparedwiththetraditionaltheoryoftheringstructureinWesterncoun-tries,theyhavemanydistinctivecharacteristics.Themainfunc-tionsoftheinnerringincluderesidence,businessandbanking,buttheproportionofresidentialland(morethan50%)isconsiderablyhigherthanthatofthecitiesinWesterncountries.Thelandproportionforresidenceandindustryintheintermediateringisequalonthewhole.Themainlandoftheoutsideringisforindustrialuse.From1986to2004,greatchangeshavetakenplaceonthelandproportionofdifferenttypesofuse.Intheinnerring,thelandforresidentialandindustrialusehasshrunkmuchwhilethelandforcommercialusehasincreased.Intheintermediatering,thechangesofthethreetypesoflandusewerenotverymuchandthetemporalvariationwasrelativelystable.Onthecontrary,thestructureintheoutsideringvariesacutely.Thoughmostofitisalsoforindustrialuse,theproportionofresidentiallandhasin-creasedmuch.Thethreeringscanalsobedividedintoseveralsectorsrespectively,accordingtothefunctionoflanduseclusters.Newtrendsandmechanismsofthechangesoflanduseimpactingtheurbanstructurewereproposedintheendofthepaper.
简介:Aimingatfacilitatingtheresearchofurbantourismimagepositioning,thispapersummarizesthedomesticandabroadtheoriesonurbantourismimageandanalyzesitssignificanceforcities.WithDengfengasanexample,itsgoalistoboostdevelopmentofDengfengtourism,whichisanexcellenttourismcityinChina.Thispaperpresentsitscurrenturbantourismdevelopingsituation,positionsitstourismimage,concludestheplanofimagebrandandproposespromotionalslogansbasedontheanalysisofDengfengtourismlocalfeatures,itscoreelementsandperceptionsofvisitors.
简介:SoutheastChinaisoneoftheseveresoildegradationareasinChina.Thispapertheoreticallyexaminestheimpactofsomeimportantinstitutionalarrangementsandpolicies,likelandmanagementpattern,theruraloff-farmemployment,landpropertychangeandchangesinpricesofagriculturalproducts,onsoildegradationinthisarea.Itfurtherconductssomecasestudiestoconfirmthepotentialrelationshipbetweentheinstitutions&policiesandsoildegradation,applyingthesurveyedandthesecondhanddata.Thepaperatlastmakessomeconclusionsandproposessomesuggestionsonhowtopromotesoilconservationbyimprovingthewaysofpolicydecision-makingandtheeffectsofpoliciesonlanduse.
简介:Inordertoachievesustainableutilizationofnaturalresources,saveenergyandprotectenvironmentandecosystem,itisimportantforaregionoranationtodevelopandimplementaviablewasterecyclingmodelfromboththeoreticalandpracticalpointofview.Somepackagingrecyclingmodelsoperatedindevelopedcountriesareintroducedinthisarticle.Aluminiumcanrecoveryandrecyclingisemphasized.Costeffective,economicandenvironmentalbenefitofdifferentmodelsarecomparedandanalyzed.Theresultshowsthatallrecyclingmodelshavetheircharacteristicsduetotheinitialpurposeofrecoveryandthesituationoftheimplementingcountry.However,allthemodelscontributetothereductionofmunicipalsolidwastedisposalandresourcesconservation.
简介:Biomass,asfuelwood,isoneofthemajorsourcesofenergyinruralareas,especiallyinthemountainousregionsoftheworld.Astheincreasinghumanpopulationexertsmorepressureontheforesttherebyinducinganadverseeffectonthesustainabilityoftheecosystem,whichconsequentlycausesfuelwoodcrisisatalocallevel,thiscrisisisspatio-temporalinnature.Thus,themajorobjectiveofthisstudyistoassessthesustainabilityoffuelwoodatdifferentprobablescenariosatamicrowatershedlevel.ThepresentstudywasconductedinthePhakotwatershed,theTehriGarhwaldistrictofcentralHimalayainIndia,during2006-2008.Basedonthevegetationcompositioninthestudyarea,thenetprimaryproductivity(NPP)valueoftheOakforest,andmixedoakandsalforests,wasusedforthequantificationoffuelwoodavailabilityinevergreenanddeciduousforests,respectively.Thefuelwooddemandwascalculatedonthebasisofseasonalfuelwoodconsumptionvalues.Nineprobablepermutationsforavailability-demandscenariosassumingtheexistenceofhigh(H),low(L)andaverage(A)conditionswereanalyzedforevaluatingthestress.Theavailableannualharvestablefuelwoodinthewatershedisintheminimumandmaximumrangesof2283.28to4066.00tons,respectively,peryearwhereasithasademandof110.76tonsastheminimumto3659tonsasthemaximumannually.Thisshowsthatinthecurrentavailabilitydemandscenario,thewatersheddoesnothavefuelwoodcrisisinthepresentsituationbutneedstomaintainthesustainabilityofthesystem.Basedonourstudy,itisconcludedthat,globally,morespatio-temporalstudyisrequiredtounderstandtheissuesatthelocallevel.
简介:Eco-efficiencyisavaluabletoolformanagingandsolvingissuesinvolvingresourceconsumptionandpollutionemissionincurrentproductionprocesses.Despitethepopularityoftheterm"eeo-efficiency"inbusiness,limitedattentionhasbeenpaidtomeasuringandreportingregionaleco-efficiencyforlocalgovernmentpolicymakers.Basedontheconceptandmethodofeco-efficiency,anindicatorsystemofregionaleco-efficiencyisestablishedinthisstudy.Theindicatorsystemcomprises22indicators,whicharedividedintothreecategoriesincludingsocio-economicdevelopment,resourcesconsumption,environmentalpressure.Asapromisingstatisticaltechnique,principlecomponentanalysisisusedtosettheweightofindicatorswhichattemptstocalculatetheeco-efficiencyindicesofQingdao'sChengyangDistrict.Theresultsshowthattheeco-efficiencyofChengyangDistricthasclearlyimproved35.1%withsmallfluctuationfrom1995to2003.Socio-economicdevelopmentindexandresourcesconsumptionindexalsorepresentobviousincreasingtrends.Thecorrelationcoefficientbetweensoci-economicdevelopmentindexandresourcesconsumptionindexis0.979,whichmeansthesocialprogressandeconomicgrowthofChengyangDistrictdependonanextravagantconsumptionofresources.Theenvironmentalpressureindexincreasedslowlybefore1997anddeclinedgraduallyafter1997,duetomoreattentionbeingpaidtoenvironmentalprotectionbylocalgovernmentinrecentyears.ChengyangDistrictstillkeepsthetraditionaleconomicdevelopmentmodewithahighconsumptionandhighproduction,sotheemphasesoffuturedevelopmentshouldputonimprovingtheimprovingtheefficientuseofnaturalresourcesandpromotingenvironmentalmanagementsustainability.Theresultsshowthattheindicatorssystemofregionaleco-efficiencyisapromisingmethodtoquantitativelyevaluateresourcesandenvironmentalefficiencyandprovideaneffectivedecision-makingsupportforlocalgovernments.
简介:Climatechangeisexpectedtobeamajordrivingforceoflandscapeinthecomingdecades.Itwillhaveamultitudeofpotentialimpactsthatvaryinintensityandeffectaccordingtoregionandsector.Inthecontextofglobalwarming,theclimateofChinahaschangedsignificantlyintherecent100years.ThereasonforclimatechangeinChinaismainlyduetoirrationallandusecausedbyhumanactivities,whichchieflyresultsintherapidindustrializationandurbanizationprocess.Basedonanassessmentmodel,thisresearchrepresentsapictureoftheimpactsofclimatechangeinsixdistrictsofHangzhouregion.Theaimofthispaperistoconclude,ontheonehand,someofHangzhousensitivitiesinrelationtotheprimaryeffectsofclimatechange.Ontheotherhand,areflectionismadeonamethodologytoformulatepreconditionsonascientificbasisforfurtherresearchbydesignofintegratedadaptationoptionsforthefuturespatialdevelopmentsinfunctiontoupgradeHangzhouresilienceinrelationtoclimatechangechallenges.
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简介:WiththeincomeincreaseofelderlypeopleinBeijingandtheimprovementofleisurefacilitiessince2000,thequalityofelderlypeopleleisurelifeinBeijinghasobviouslyincreasedcomparedtotenyearsago.Accordingtotheinvestigationandcomparativeanalysisonmorethan900elderlypeople,whousuallyexerciseinpublicparksinBeijingCity,wehavefoundoutseveralnewfeaturesofelderlypeople’soutdoorrecreationinBeijing:theincreaseoftheleisuretime,theexpansionofleisurespace,theindividuationofinterestandthediversificationofconsumption.Theleisurelifequalityevaluationindexsystemofurbanelderlypeoplecanbebuiltbasedontheseanalyses.Inordertoaccommodatethedevelopmenttendencyofelderlypeople’sdemandforleisurediversification,weshouldstrengthentheorganizationandmanagementofelderlypeople’sleisureactivityinurbanconstruction,andpaymoreattentiontofunctioncomplementationbetweencommunitiesandparks.
简介:The11thFiveYearPlanhasdividednationalfunctionalzonesinthebasicunitofcounty-leveladministrativeregion.AfterimplementationofnationalMajorFunction-orientedZones(MFOZ)atprefectureandcountylevels,thespatialdevelopmentsequencemustbespecified,developmentintensitymustbelimited,orientedzonesmustbedesignatedand"redline"areasofspatialgovernancemustbedefined.Inviewoftheabove,choosingatypicalcountyareaandexploringitsfunctionalzoningafterorientingitsmajorfunctionswillsupplyreferenceforcarryingoutthenationalspatialplanninginthe12thFiveYearPeriod,anditwillalsoprovideexperienceforthestudyoffunctionregionalizationwhichisthethemeofMFOZinthepresentacademiccircles.Inthispaper,theauthorstakeShangyuCountyasanexampletostudythegeneralprinciples,trainofthoughtofcounty-levelfunctionalregionalizationindevelopment-optimizedareas,andtoexploreitsreasonablefunctionalzoningplan.Consequently,theauthorspresentfiveprinciplesandsuggestafunction-orientedzoningplanwith2levelsand4types.
简介:Climatechangehasbecomewidelyacceptedasachallengethathumanswillfaceinthenot-too-distantfuture.Mountainecosystemsandtheirinhabitantsareamongthemostvulnerabletoclimatechange.ThispaperseekstoexplainmigrationdriversinspecificmountainregionsinthecontextofclimatechangebasedonForesight’sconceptualframework.AclimatechangesensitivefieldnamedShangnanCountyinsouthernShaanxiProvinceischosenasthecasestudyareatoinvestigatelocalmigrationdrivers.Aseriesofqualitativeresearchmethodsisemployedinthecasestudyincludingparticipantobservation,semi-structuredinterviews,andfocusgroupdiscussions.Theevidenceofsurveysuggeststhatmigrationdecisionsarenotonlyshapedbymacrofactorsinaspectsofenvironmental,economics,demographic,social,politicsandpsychological,butalsoinfluencedbyplaced-relatedbarriersandfacilitatingmechanismsandpersonalcharacteristics.
简介:Fuelwoodisoneofthemajorsourcesofenergyinthedomesticsectoracrosstheruralareas,especiallyinthedevelopingregionsacrosstheworld.TheNortheasternHimalayanstateofManipurisdominatedbythetribalpopulationthatlargelydependsonfuelwoodfromthenearbyforestarea.Theentiredependenceonforestsforenergyresourcesisaffectingthesustainabilityoftheforestecosystemintheregion,thusindicatingthelivelihoodconditions.Sinceland-useland-coverchangeisthekeydrivertothechangeinresourceavailabilityofaregion,thepresentstudyhastriedtoanalyzethelandcoverchangesoveraperiod28years.Thesecondmajorcomponentaffectingresourceavailabilityistheincreasingpopulationpressurethatleadstochangesinthelanddynamics,whichdirectlyaffecttheresourceproduction.Basedontheexistingconsumptionpattern,thetotalconsumptionoffuelwoodinthewatershedrangesfiomaminimumof289.992tons/yeartoamaximumof3545.719tons/yearwithanaverageof1561.956tons/yearintheyear2009andsimulatedfuelwoodconsumptionfortheyear2021isaround1469.260tons/year.Ninedifferentprobablescenariosofresourceareproposedtocalculatethestressvaluethatcanbeusedbythepolicy-makersandplannersforsuitablepolicyimplementationatthemicrolevelwithacomplexsocialsystem.
简介:TheAppellateBodyreportinJanuary2012hadsupportedthedecisionofPanelinthe"China-measuresrelatedtotheexportationofvariousrawmaterials"case(WT/DS394,395,398)andaffirmedthatChina’srestrictions(suchastariffsandquotameasures)ontheexportationofrawmaterialsviolatedrulesputforthbytheWTO,whichwererequiredtobemodified.InthiscaseChina’srighttoinvokeArticle20ofGATT1994("generalexception")tojustifyitsexemptionfromtheguidelinesinArticle11.3oftheWTOAccessionProtocolwasdeniedbythePanelandtheAppellateBody.ThiswasduetothefactthatthephrasinginArticle11.3ofProtocolfailedtomention"GATT."ThiswastheconsequenceofthetwointerpretationapproachestheDisputeSettlementBody(DSB)adopted-anarrowtextualinterpretationandasubjectivepresumptionof"legislativesilence."TheinappropriateuseofthetwomethodsofinterpretationleadtoanimbalancebetweentherightandobligationofChinaundertheadditionalobligationsthatwereimposeduponChinabytheWTO,whichcreateanegativeimpactonChina’srareearthcaseandtheprotectionofdomesticnaturalresources.
简介:RapidurbanizationinBeijingstimulatestheurbanlandexpansionanddiminishesavailableagriculturalland.Monofunctionalagriculturallandusecannotmeetthedemandofthedevel-opmentofthemultifunctionalagricultureandurbanizationanymore,somultifunctionalagriculturallanduseisgoingtobepromotedinthecity.Thisarticleproposestheevolvementofthelandusechangefrom1992to2004anddiscussessomeevolvementviews.