简介：A2-Dslab-symmetricmodelofmixedconvective-stratiformcloudisdevelopedbysuperimposingconvectivecloud-sizefieldontheconvergencefield,inordertosimulateandstudythemixedcloudsconsistingofstratiformcloudandconvectivecloud.Adeepconvective,anelasticandconservativesystemofequationswithbasicvariables(V,θ,π’)issolvedbyanewmethodtocalculatedynamicfield.Thewatersubstanceinthecloudisdividedinto6categoriesandthemicrophysicalprocessesaredescribedinspectrumwithtwovariableparametersandmorereasonableparticlenumber/sizedistributions.Tocomparewithmeasuredradarechointensityandstructure,themodelmaycalculateechointensityofthemodelcloudobservedbyradar.

简介：Aregionalclimatemodelisemployedtosimulatetheaerosols(dust,sulfate,blackcarbon,andorganiccarbon)andtheirdirecteffectontheclimateoverChina.Theemphasisisonthedirectradiativeforcingduetothechangeinmixingstateofaerosols.Theresultsshowthatdirectradiativeforcingissignificantlydifferentbetweenexternallyandinternallymixedaerosols.Atthetopoftheatmosphere(TOA),theradiativeforcingofexternallymixedaerosolsislargerthanthatofinternallymixedones,especiallyintheTarimdesertregionwherethedifferenceisabout0.7Wm2.Atthesurface,however,thesituationbecomesopposite,especiallyintheSichuanbasinwherethedifferenceisabout-1.4Wm2.Nonetheless,eitherexternallyorinternallymixedaerosolsinChinacanresultinasignificantcoolingeffect,exceptforthewarminginSouthChinainwinterandtheslightwarminginNorthChinainFebruary.Thecoolingeffectinducedbyexternallymixedaerosolsisweakerthanthatinducedbyinternallymixedaerosols,andthisismoreobviousinspringandwinterthaninsummerandautumn.Inspringandsummer,theinhibitingeffectofexternallymixedaerosolsonprecipitationislessthanthatofinternallymixedaerosols,whereasinautumnandwinterthedifferenceisnotobvious.

简介：Acoupledregionalclimateandaerosol-chemistrymodel,RIEMS2.0(RegionalIntegratedEnvironmentalModelSystemforAsia),inwhichanthropogenicsulfate,blackcarbon,andorganiccarbonwereassumedtobeexternallymixed(EM),internallymixed(IM)orpartiallyinternallymixed(IEM),wasusedtosimulatetheimpactsoftheseanthropogenicaerosolsonEastAsianclimatefortheentireyearof2006.Thedistributionsofaerosolmassconcentration,radiativeforcingandhencethesurfaceairtemperatureandprecipitationvariationsunderthreemixingassumptionsofaerosolswereanalyzed.Theresultsindicatedthatthemassconcentrationofsulfatewassensitivetomixingassumptions,butcarbonaceousaerosolsweremuchlesssensitivetothemixingtypes.ModeledresultswerecomparedwithobservationsinavarietyofsitesinEastAsia.Itwasfoundthatthesimulatedconcentrationsofsulfateandcarbonaceousaerosolswereinaccordwiththeobservationsintermsofmagnitude.ThesimulatedaerosolconcentrationsinIMcasewereclosesttoobservationresults.Theregionalaveragecolumnburdensofsulfate,blackcarbon,andorganiccarbon,ifinternallymixed,were11.49,0.47,and2.17mgm2,respectively.Theradiativeforcingofanthropogenicaerosolsatthetopoftheatmosphereincreasedfrom-1.27(EM)to-1.97Wm2(IM)whilethenormalizedradiativeforcing(NRF)decreasedfrom-0.145(EM)to-0.139Wmg1(IM).TheradiativeforcingandNRFwere-1.82Wm2and-0.141Wmg1forIEM,respectively.Thesurfaceairtemperaturechangesoverthedomainduetotheanthropogenicsulfateandcarbonaceousaerosolswere-0.067,-0.078,and-0.072K,withmaximaof-0.47,-0.50,and-0.49K,forEM,IM,andIEM,respectively.Meanwhile,theannualprecipitationvariationswere-8.0(EM),-20.6(IM),and-21.9mm(IEM),withmaximaof148,122,and102mm,respectively,indicatingthattheclimateeffectswerestrongerifthesulfateandcarbonaceousaerosolswereinternallymixed.

简介：一些重要诊断特征为一模型物理背景在模型精力运输，变换，和周期被反映。诊断大气的精力周期是向理解并且改善数字模型的一个合适的方法。在这研究，混合时空域精力周期的明确的表达被计算，在大气的精力以内的静止、短暂的波浪的角色全球地区性的吸收和预言系统(葡萄)模型骑车被诊断并且与为2011年7月的NCEP分析数据相比。精力周期的带平均数的部件的贡献被调查解释数字模型的表演。

简介：Theatmosphericgeneralcirculationmodelcoupledtothemixedlayeroceanmodelhasbeenusedtosimulatethechangesoftheglobalsoilmoisture.Comparingthesimulatedresultswithobservations,itisshownthatthemodelisca-pableofdoingsensitiveexperimentsaboutthecarbondioxidechange.The2×CO2/1×CO2comparisonshowsthattherearetheobviouschangesofthesoilmoistureintheglobalforfourseasons.Therearethewetsoilmoistureinthelowerlatitudesofbothhemispheresanddrysoilmoistureinthemid-dlelatitudesofbothhemispheresforfourseasons.Thedrysoilmoistureinsummerandwetinotherseasonsarefoundinthenorthernhigherlatitudes.TheanalysesofthephysicalfeedbacksresponsiblefortheCO2-inducedchangesofsoilmoistureshowthatthebud-getsofthesurfacewaterandheataretheimportantfactors.