简介：Intheautomationofidentificationoflandscapefeaturesthevaguenessarisesfromthefactthattheattributesandparametersthatmakeupalandscapevaryoverspaceandscale.Inmostofexistingstudies,thesetwokindsofvaguenessarestudiedseparately.Thispaperinvestigatestheircombinationinidentificationofcoastlandscapeunits.Fuzzysettheoryisusedtodescribethevaguenessofgeomorphicfeaturesduetothecontinuityinspace.Thevaguenessresultedfromthescaleofmeasurementisevaluatedbystatisticindicators.Thedifferencesoffuzzyobjectsderivedfromdataatdifferingresolutions(insizefrom3×3cellsto25×25cells)arestudiedinordertoexaminethesehigher-orderuncertainties.

简介：为在位置精确上获得高度的二种方法的效果被分析，并且错误表情被推出。当那个高度错误在东方西方位置误差上有小效果，在二个盒子中，放的精确上的一样的高度错误的效果是相同的许多模拟结果表演，和二个高度错误影响放精确的规则能被表示，但是在thesouth北方位置误差上有大效果。

简介：根据Beidou双星的特征安置系统(作为缩写：双星位置)，双星位置/罪恶的最佳的断言模型综合系统被提出，它能从为综合系统最佳地放系统到谓语，然后到正确罪恶的双星使用推迟的位置信息，并且负担得起一些航行参数的综合结果。以便验证过滤器的一致性，为一个过滤器的一致性的标准也被学习，并且测试统计基于过滤方法与综合系统一致的实际测量数据表演被给实验。

简介：Anewalgorithm,calledasDouble-EpochAlgorithm(DEA)isproposedinGPSrapidpositioningusingtwoepochsinglefrequencyphasedatainthispaper.Firstly,thestructurecharacteristicofthenormalmatrixinGPSrapidpositioningisanalyzed.Then,inthelightofthecharacteristic,basedonTIKHONOVregularizationtheorem,anewregularizerisdesignedtomitigatetheill-conditionofthenormalmatrix.TheaccuratefloatambiguitysolutionsandtheirMSEM(MeanSquaredErrorMatrix)areobtained,usingtwoepochsinglefrequencyphasedata.CombinedwithLAMBDAmethod,DEAcanfixtheintegerambiguitiescorrectlyandquicklyusingMSEMinsteadofthecovariancematrixoftheambiguities.Comparedwiththetraditionalmethods,DEAcanimprovetheefficiencyobviouslyinrapidpositioning.So,thenewalgorithmhasanextensiveapplicationoutlookindeformationmonitoring,pseudokinematicrelativepositioningandattitudedetermination,etc.