浙江省宁波市五乡中学 315100
【摘要】本文以高考真题为例,探索了立足英语学习活动观的高考英语完型填空的教学流程:解析文本大意,确定教学步骤,设计学案,总结反馈。
【关键词】英语学习活动观;完形填空;高考英语
一、引言
英语学习活动观是发展学生核心素养、落实立德树人任务的关键路径。它指学生在主题意义引领下,通过学习理解、应用实践、迁移创新等一系列体现综合性、关联性和实践性等特点的英语学习活动,使学生基于已有的知识,依托不同类型的语篇,在分析问题和解决问题的过程中,促进自身语言知识学习、语言技能发展、文化内涵理解、多元思维发展、价值取向判断和学习策略运用(教育部,2020)。
完型填空作为高考英语经久不衰的测试题型,在考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法和词汇知识的综合运用能力,包括阅读理解能力、连贯思维能力、词义辨析能力、判断推理能力以及跨文化交际能力等方面有着显著优势。但从课堂观察和学生表现看,教师往往侧重学生独立训练,校对讲解,精讲语言点;学生缺乏语篇意识,题海战术,畏难厌倦,收效甚微。为解决这一“学用分离”的现象,笔者在高考英语完型专题讲授时引入了英语学习活动观概念,整合设计教学活动,以期提升学生的解题能力,发展其英语学科核心素养。现以2017年11月浙江省高考英语完型填空教学为例,谈谈具体做法。
二、教学实践
(一)文本大意
本文讲述了大巴车司机驾驶时突发心脏病,年轻英语老师Harvold当机立断,勇救30名学生性命的故事,他也因此获得了学校的嘉奖和社会的赞誉。
(二)教学步骤
第一步,学生独立完成试题,教师给出答案但不讲解,学生完成学案。
第二步,教师梳理学案,教授高考英语完形填空的命题准则,学生就给定的语篇尝试命题。
第三步,学生创写主题近似的120词的短文,修改正确后命题10个空。
第四步,学生总结反思学习体会。
(三)学案设计
活动一:学习理解类
1.What can you learn from the first sentence? (who; what; how)
2. With the first sentence, what is your prediction about the following events?
3. Collect and categorize(分类) words and phrases into blanks accordingly (positive and negative).
| Positive | Negative |
The bus | | |
The bus driver | | |
Guy Harvold | | |
4. Please draw a mind map about the events in the story (a flow chart or a bridge map preferred).
活动意图:学生能够挖掘语篇首句的关键信息并积极预测,运用分类思维梳理基本事实,借助思维导图把握故事情节。
活动二:应用实践类
1. What is the main idea of the story?
2. What themes are probably discussed in the story?
3. What information helps to reveal the main idea and themes (Directly & Indirectly)?
Directly | |
Indirectly | |
4. How do you decide the answers to No. 1, 9, 11, 13, 17, 19? Tell your analysis on them respectively.
5. Pick out the answers you wrongly choose and analyze them.
活动意图:学生能够归纳故事大意并探究多元主题,运用比较思维深度挖掘文本细节的意义潜势,并思考与主题高度相关试题选定的理据。
活动三:迁移创新类
1. Was it wise enough for Harvold to act like this? Explain your reasons.
2. Write a short story with the similar theme as the passage in around 120 words, either real-life experience or imagination. And then design a cloze with 10 missing blanks.
活动意图:学生能够反思主角不顾安危,及时救援的深远影响,创作近似主题的短文并命题,感悟完型填空的“生产历程”。
(四)总结反思
1.学案反馈
在学习理解类活动中,学生从首句中提炼到的信息是Guy Harvold saved 30 students by taking control of a bus when a driver suffered a heart attack.梳理的基本细节还原关键事件,并能围绕主角Harvald细致分类正向态度词和负向态度词。
在应用实践类活动中,学生梳理的主题有bravery, responsibility, intelligence, quick action in face of emergency, praise for heroic behavior, the value of life等。在分析与主题密切相关的试题时,学生能借助直接信息与间接信息,准确剖析。在分析做错的试题时,学生能从语篇分析的角度出发,纠正思维偏差。
在迁移创新类活动中,一位学生创作并命制的试题(括号中的词是临近下滑词的干扰选项)如下:One night, Frank was crossing the bridge when he heard someone coming near behind him. He made out the man’s form and 1noticed (learned, mentioned, doubted) his strange dressing. Driven by 2curiosity (anger, excitement, anxiety), Frank followed the stranger secretly and 3witnessed (recorded, praised, understand) him sneaked into the house. Now he knew who the man was – a 4thief (owner, visitor, killer). He couldn’t turn a blind eye to it. He pulled himself 5together (away, down, off), reaching for his mobile phone. Meanwhile, with his ears 6pinned back (pricked up, hanged down, shut off), he tiptoed to the corner. After confirming it was secure to make the call, he dialed 911 and 7whispered (exclaimed, spoke, shouted) to the receiver. Waiting for the police, he kept an anxious eye on what was happening in the house, hoping to 8memorize (learn, forget, make) as many details as he could. As soon as the police car stopped, he dashed to the policemen. Fortunately, the thief was arrested. The owner’s valuable things 9survived (retired, relaxed, succeeded). It was a silent night in the town, but not the 10silent (happy, disappointing, noisy) moment in Frank’s heart.
2.课后访谈
学生A:印象最深刻的是学案中对态度信号词(Positive and Negative)的区分,这个帮助我理顺了缺空填词的关键逻辑。
学生B:主题探究时要求填至少三个,我就会从多个角度去思考,这就让我反馈去研读文本,进一步理解了文章的丰富意义。
学生C:命题部分是最难的,但是学习了基本的命制思路后,我比对了近几年高考试题的选项特点,借助词典,经过和同学的讨论,我终于把它完成了,虽然困难但是很有成就感。
三、结语
英语学习活动观以活动为实践路径,以英语学科核心素养的全面发展为目标指向,为英语学习和教学指明了途径和手段。落实英语学习活动观的关键在课堂。英语课堂教学应基于语境,设计问题,规划活动,深度学习,实现语言、文化、思维、能力的融合发展和学生素养的整体发展(章策文,2019)。这为盘活高中英语完型填空的教学提供的新的思路。教师要积极发掘其优势,设定具体、可教、可测的教学目标,以活动为引领,充盈学生的语篇知识,创造机会让学生主动寻求知识盲点,激发弥补盲点的欲望,让经典题型焕发新的魅力。
参考文献:
[1]教育部.普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2020:13.
[2]章策文.英语学习活动观的内涵、特点与价值[J].教学与管理(中学版),2019(7):47-50.