牡丹江市第一人民医院 黑龙江 牡丹江 157011
摘要:目的:探讨老年甲亢的临床表现、实验室检查特点及治疗。方法:回顾分析40例60岁以上老年甲亢的临床资料,在临床表现及实验室检查方面对接受治疗的老年甲亢进行分析,接受治疗的老年组与同等情况非老年的对照组进行比较。结果:老年甲亢多食、便次增多、烦躁易怒、甲状腺肿大、突眼、血管杂音较对照组少见,而纳差、便秘、抑郁、颈前黏液性水肿及糖尿病、高血压、房颤等合并症较对照组多见;T3、T4升高不如对照组明显,FT3、FT4升高与对照组无差异,40例接受治疗的老年甲亢中一次性治愈24例,无甲亢危象发生。结论:老年甲亢缺乏典型性,FT3、FT4更有助于诊断,治疗是安全有效的。
关键词:老年;甲亢;临床治疗 效果
Clinical treatment effect analysis of elderly patients with hyperthyroidism
Abstract: objective: to investigate the clinical manifestations, laboratory characteristics and treatment of hyperthyroidism in the elderly.Methods: the clinical data of 40 patients with hyperthyroidism over 60 years old were retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical manifestations and laboratory tests were performed to analyze the hyperthyroidism in the elderly who received the treatment, and the comparison was made between the elderly group receiving the treatment and the non-elderly control group with the same condition.Results: hyperthyroidism, increased bowel movements, irritability, irritability, goitomegaly, exophthalmia and vascular murmurs were less common in the elderly than in the control group, while the complications of poor appetite, constipation, depression, anterior cervical myxedema, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and atrial fibrillation were more common than in the control group.The increase of T3 and T4 was not as significant as that of the control group, and the increase of FT3 and FT4 was not different from that of the control group. Among the 40 elderly patients who received treatment, 24 cases of hyperthyroidism were cured at one time, and no hyperthyroidism crisis occurred.Conclusion: hyperthyroidism in the elderly lacks typicality, FT3 and FT4 are more helpful for diagnosis, and the treatment is safe and effective.
Key words: old age;Hyperthyroidism;Clinical therapeutic effect
甲亢是指多种原因导致甲状腺素分泌过多引起的临床综合征,以20~40岁多见,但老年甲亢并不罕见,国内统计占甲亢患者4.7~11.36%[1]。由于老年人甲状腺组织出现一定程度的纤维化和萎缩,甲状腺激素分泌减少,降解速度减慢,外周组织对甲状腺激素的反应性也发生改变,这造成了老年甲亢常无典型甲亢症状或其症状与典型甲亢相反,易漏诊或误诊,延误治疗为提高对老年甲亢的认识,将近几年在我科就诊的40例老年甲亢患者的临床资料进行分析并总结如下。
1临床资料
1.1一般资料:
收集我科2018年3月至2018年12月收治的甲亢患者40例,均为60岁以上老年甲亢患者,男性19例,女性21例(男:女=1:1.1),年龄60~82岁,平均年龄65.50岁。病程3个月至10年,平均2.6年,同时选择同期就诊的20~50岁甲亢患者45例为对照组,病程1个月至3年,平均1.09年。
1.2诊断标准:
有高代谢症群、甲状腺肿大及眼征。实验室检查T3、T4、FT3、FT4中至少一项升高,TSH降低或正常。TG、TM正常或升高。
1.3实验室激素测定:
采用放射免疫法,T3、T4、FT3、FT4试剂盒由天津德普生物技术和医学产品有限公司提供;TG、TM、TSH试剂盒由中国原子能科学研究所同位素所提供。上述试剂盒非特异性结合率均<10%,B。为30~50%,批内CV<5%,批间CV<15%,反应误差关系<0.04%,测定仪器为西安利亚电子仪器有限公司生产的Cap-Ria16放免分析仪。正常参考值为:FT3为3.19~9.15pmol/L,FT4为9.11~25.11~25.47pmol/L,T3为0.9~2.2ng/m,lT4为57~120ng/m,lTG<30%(阴性),TM<15%(阴性),TSH<10liu>。
2结果
老年甲亢确诊后,病情中等、甲状腺不大或甲状腺肿大但质地中等或较软、肝肾功能无异常者,均可自愿接受治疗。心率\90/min或合并房颤者加服心得安10mg每日三次。所有治疗的老年甲亢服药后1个月内多次测血糖,2个月、4个月、6个月分别测甲状腺功能,据6个月时甲状腺功能情况决定是否需要复服。
项目 FT3 FT4 T3 T4 TSHTG阳性 (%) TM 阳性(%) |
老年组18.60+/-8.83 44.70+/-23.30 4.3+/-1.11 38.3+/-41.0 2.8+/-0.919(47.5%) 20(50%) 对照组20.16+/-12.4 51.30+/-37.10 7.6+/-3.21 98.1+/-64.4 2.3+/-0.723(51. 1%) 23(51%) |
3讨论
甲亢是常见的内分泌疾病,各年龄组均可发病,临床上中青年甲亢较典型易诊断,而老年人尤其是60岁以上老年人甲亢往往不典型,有时出现与典型甲亢相反的症状,或以某一系统表现就诊,在确诊方面造成一定困难,老年甲亢约占各年龄组甲亢的4.7%~17%,发病率仅次于糖尿病而居老年内分泌疾病的第二位。本组资料40例老年甲亢有多例病例曾就诊于消化、心血管、神经等科,被诊断为肠炎、肠肿瘤、冠心病、心肌炎、神经官能症等,在未经抗甲亢治疗前,治疗效果差。这可能与老年人各组织、器官靶受体减少而且反应性降低或交感神对甲状腺素不敏感有关,可能与老年甲亢患者高糖后B细胞分泌胰素功能较差有关,同时甲状腺激素可对抗胰素的降糖作用,故对老年甲亢应注意检查有无糖代谢紊乱,这样可以尽早控制血糖,防止糖尿病的并发症发生。对于症状、体征较轻或缺乏的病人,实验室检查尤为重要,因为有时心血管系统表现可为老年甲亢的主要甚至唯一表现。
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