高考英语阅读理解技巧(2)

(整期优先)网络出版时间:2009-08-17
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1. Why do people put hot metal in water?

A. To make it hard. B. To make it soft.

C. To make it cool. D. To make it brittle.

2. In annealing, the required hardness of metal depends on __.

A. the quantity of water used B. the temperature of the metal

C. the softness of the metal D. the timing of the operation

3. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?

A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.

B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.

C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.

D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.

1、答案为A,此题属推断归纳题。文中第二句说如果把金属加热,然后迅速放到水里冷却,也就会变得非常硬,但也变得脆。hard 是工艺的主观目的。brittle是伴随的客观结果,故选A而不选D。B项明显错误;C项是手段不是目的,因此,都可排除。

2、答案为D,此题属概括归纳题。timing 是时间的选择。本答案的依据是5和6两句,"The metal is heated,…length of time.","The longer…the softer it becomes."cool 的时间是可以控制的,时间越长越 soft,即硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论:在退火过程中,金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短影响的。

3、答案为C此题属推理判断题。文中提到"metal"。最后一句说退火工艺同样可用于象玻璃一类的其他材料。文中我们已知"annealing"就是先"heat"后"cool slowly"。由此推断C是正确的。

五、 猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考中常用的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜",通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。

a. 定义法

如:Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.

句子给予annealing 以明确的定义,即"退火"。

It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.

从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。

The herdsman , who looks after sheep,earns about 650yuan a year.

定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为"牧人"。

b 同位法

如:

They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.

同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义,即"城堡"。

We are on the night shift----from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week.

两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是"夜班"的意思。

c. 对比法

She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.

but 一词表转折,因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天"第一节上了一半才来",因此反向推理,可得出她平时一向"准时"的结论。

d. 构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)

Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?

possibility 是 possible 的同根名词, 据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是"可能性"。

e. 因果法

The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken。Sometimes the weakness was permanent。So the player could never play the sport again.

从后面的结果"永远不能再运动"中,可以推测 permanent 的意思为"永远的,永久的"。

六、 养成习惯,潜移默化结硕果。

良好的阅读习惯:

1、养成默读习惯,使注意力集中的文字符号上,纠正唇读,心读,喉读等做法,以免分散精力,影响阅读速度。

2、克服指读、回视、重读等不良习惯,因为这样容易使理解只停留在某个词或句子上,使获得的信息支离破碎。要善于抓住句子中的核心词,从一个句子快速地扫视到另一个句子,进行连贯性理解。如:

"Would you like to do some shopping together with me? If you are free, please ring me back to tell me about it."

这个句子,只要扫视划线的核心词,其语义就基本上清楚了。

英语阅读能力的培养是一个渐进的复杂过程,要养成每天阅读英语的习惯,循序渐进,持之以恒,精泛结合,广泛猎奇。在潜移默化中你会感觉到你的阅读能力又有了长足的提高。