最后:小结(Conclusion)
检查的方法包括多项选择、正误判断、Yes/No和WH问题、完型填空、信息转换等等。
以上阅读理解的几个层次经过了"读→议→再读→再议"的往复以及"整体理解→局部理解→整体理解"的过程。给学生提供了阅读的宏观意识,强化了学生的信息能力,为巩固和运用知识打下了基础。
三、练---巩固知识与运用知识(Consolidation, Practice)这是输出阶段.学生在理解教材后,为了牢牢记住所学的知识,防止遗忘,需要做多种形式的训练,使知识在记忆中痕迹得到强化,形成牢固的联系,但学生理解掌握了知识并不等于会运用知识,不等于形成运用知识的技能、技巧。要使学生从理解概念,掌握理论到运用知识于实际,形成技能、技巧,单靠动脑来加深对知识的理解和记忆是不够的,还要引导学生动口、动手进行实际的练习或操作才能达到。学生运用知识的能力,是在反复练习中,从最初的不会、不准确、不熟练到比较会、比较准确,逐步地发展和完美善起来的,但为使学生顺利地掌握技能、技巧,不仅要注意练习的数量,而且要提高练习的质量,改进练习的方法。
练习的方法有:
1. 问答--就课文提问题。提问可以是记忆性问题(答案是课文中现成的,记住就能回答);理解性问题(答案在课文里,但不一定是现成的);应用性问题(答案要求应用课文中的知识或新的语言知识);创造性问题(答案要求学生独立思考,发挥其创造性);评价性问题(答案要求学生表示个人观点,发表不同意见)。如教SEFC Book2B Lesson 58(Noise In The Night) 时,问题的设计:
1)记忆性问题
Whom did the lady live with?
What's her personal problem?
2)理解性问题
Was the lady's uncle a non-smoker? How do you know?
Why did Holmes ask the lady if her uncle kept pets?
3)创造性问题
Why did Sherlock Holmes want to visit the lady only when her uncle
was out?
How do you think the story ended?
4)评价性问题
What kind of person, do you think, the lady's uncle was?
2. 就课文内容进行连贯对话。如教SEFC Book1 Lesson 98 和Lesson 99时,我把课文编成对话,投影到屏幕上,让学生做补全对话练习。下面是对话中间部分。
B: I am Dr. Baker, _______.
O: Ah, Dr. Baker, _______. I am looking for another speaker who could give a talk, as our main speaker can't get here today. Would you mind ________?
B: About DNA? You are joking! I know _____ subject.
O: But Dr. Baker, you are world-famous.
B: ________.
O: Everyone knows that you are an expert on the subject. Everyone here has read Peter Baker's Introduction to DNA.
B: ______. But I am not Peter Baker, I am David Baker. There must be some mistake.
3. 复述课文,这是课文教学较常用的以内容为中心的练习之一,可用来训练独白,可由引导式复述逐步进入自由复述。引导方式有:提纲、关键词、图表及图画。复述要防止背说,启发学生将注意力集中在课文内容上。再以SEFC BOOK1A Lesson98、Lesson99 为例,教师把课文的主要逻辑线索写在黑板上让学生复述:receiving an invitation→at the conference →at the organizer's office→ giving the talk
4. 角色扮演(Role Play),双人或小组活动,教师为参加者配角色,设置情境,让他们身临其境,以身份说话。如在教课文SEFC BOOK2B Lesson70 时,文章中有这样一个细节,即火车停站时,有一则用德语讲播的通知。Hank因为是American而不懂德语,因而走失了。上课时,教师可抓住这个通知,大做文章,要求学生快速阅读下文,猜猜通知的内容到底是讲什么,并要他们以列车播音员的身份,用英语make an announcement,以便让Hank听懂。如:Ladies and Gentlemen, may I have your attention, please? Here is an announcement to make. The train will be pided into tow parts. The front part is going to Frankfort and the other part to Bonn. Please go back to your own seat. Now, once again---