Highlypersifiedcolorationsamongspringtails(Collembola)havebeenwidelyusedforspeciesdiagnosis,buttheirphylogeneticsignificanceispoorlyknown.WeaddressedthisissueinthelargestEntomobryinaegenusEntomobrya,whichpossessesvariablecolorpatternsamongspecies.Therelationshipswithinthegenusandtoothergenerahavealsorarelybeenstudied.BasedonmaterialmainlyfromChina,wehaveconductedamultilocusphylogenyandtopologytestswithlikelihoodandBayesianalgorithms,andaccordinglydemonstratedthenon-monophylyofChineseEntomobrya.Thepisionoffiveclades,includingEntomobryaandseveralrelatedgenera,coincidedwellwithfivetypesofcolorations,respectively.FurtheranalysesofpergencetimeandhistoricalbiogeographyrevealedthatChineseEntomobryaoriginatedmainlyfromPalearctic(northernandwestern)ChinainthePaleoceneandEocene.Thisstudyhighlightsthegreatphylo?geneticvaluesaswellastaxonomicusesofcolorationinChineseEntomobrya.MultiplephylogeneticandbiogeographicoriginsofEntomobryaimplyitscomplicatedrelationshipswithbothscaledandunsealedgeneraofEntomobryinae.
