简介:胰岛β细胞的数目减少和(或)分泌功能障碍是导致2型糖尿病发病的中心环节。β细胞凋亡异常增多及β细胞分裂、增殖和分化障碍是导致β细胞数目减少的重要原因。有效抑制β细胞凋亡,增加2型糖尿病患者β细胞总量,将为2型糖尿病防治开辟新途径。因此,减少β细胞凋亡、促进β细胞的增生、分化,增加β细胞数量的治疗方法将成为糖尿病研究领域的重点。近年研究发现胰升糖素样肽1(GLP-1)和Exendin-4(Ex-4)能够刺激β细胞新生和增生、抑制β细胞凋亡,从而增加胰岛β细胞数量,促进胰岛素合成及分泌。于是,GLP-1和Ex-4成为糖尿病治疗研究的新热点。本文就Ex-4对胰岛β细胞功能影响的研究进展作一综述。
简介:摘要目的探讨骨巨细胞瘤(giant cell tumor of bone,GCTB)H3.3免疫组织化学阴性病例存在的H3F3A 基因突变类型。方法收集2017年1月至2019年1月就诊于北京积水潭医院的181例GCTB,行光镜观察并结合临床影像学明确诊断。EnVision二步法免疫组织化学H3.3染色检测H3F3A G34W突变蛋白的表达,对免疫组织化学结果阴性的病例采用Sanger测序法检测H3F3A基因的突变类型。结果免疫组织化学H3.3以细胞核阳性反应为阳性标准,181例GCTB:阳性164例,阴性17例,阳性率90.61%。对免疫组织化学结果阴性的17例采用DNA Sanger测序法检测H3F3A基因突变情况。测序结果显示8例存在突变,分别为:3例G34L(glycine 34 to leucine,3/181,1.66%),3例G34V(glycine 34 to valine,3/181,1.66%),2例G34R(glycine 34 to arginine,2/181,1.10%),其余9例均为野生型(glycine 34,9/181,4.97%)。经测序分析证实免疫组织化学H3.3阴性的病例中并无G34W突变。H3.3免疫组织化学结合测序分析,诊断GCTB总体阳性率可达95.03%。结论H3.3免疫组织化学可检测存在H3F3A G34W突变的GCTB,对其他罕见突变类型及野生型不具诊断价值。
简介:AbstractAvian influenza remains a threat to human wellbeing. Hypochlorite derivatives are commonly used as disinfectants to prevent the spread of the disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed chlorine dioxide (ClO2) as an A1-level, safe, and efficient disinfectant. In this study, we tested the efficacy of ClO2, in aqueous solution and gas forms, against avian influenza A (H7N9) virus. The virus suspension was mixed with ClO2 aqueous solutions of various concentrations and for various time intervals. Aliquots of the mixture were then serially diluted, and the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) was measured with a hemagglutination test on MDCK cells. ClO2 gas produced from generators was introduced in a chamber containing the virus suspension in a Petri dish. The infective activity of the surviving virus was measured by the hemagglutination test. An aqueous solution of ClO2 at 126 µg/mL for 15 s was effective given that no surviving virus was detected with the hemagglutination test. ClO2 gas at >5 µL/L sustained for 1 h inactivated the virus effectively, while at 2.5 µL/L for 1 h, it only partially inactivated the virus. ClO2 as gas or aqueous solution at a certain concentration is effective in inactivating the H7N9 virus, and can be applied for the decontamination and disinfection of environments.